UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE ~~ETHERLANDS VIETNAM -NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M. IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EFFECT OF R&D ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BY DO KHAC THANH • SUPERVISOR Dr. NGUYEN HUU DUNG Ho Chi Minh City, December 2011 --------- CERTIFICATION I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being currently submitted for any other degrees. I also certify that, to the best of my knowledge, any help received in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been acknowledged in the thesis.
Signature Do Khac Thanh • • 2 - - ---------- ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am indebted to numerous individuals but I cannot name them here all. First of all, I would like to thank all the teachers and staff of the Project for their valuable suggestion, good learning facilities and warm attitudes during my school time. My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisors, Dr. Nguyen Hu Dung, and Dr.
Nguyen Trong Hoai for their valuable comments and instructions concerning my thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my friends, my family who have been always behind me, given me moral support, encouragement, and sympathy that have helped me gain more strength to complete this work. 3 ABSTRACT The study aims to examine the link and relationship between productivity of construction enterprises in Vietnam and R&D expenditure. R&D capital is measured in a simple way by using available R&D expenditure in the survey and ignoring the accumulation of R&D expenditure in the past, its deflation and obsolescence.
A sample of 264 construction firms was drawn from the data set of Vietnam Enterprise Survey conducted by the General Statistics Office in 2005 for analysis. A regression model is estimated based on the Cobb- Douglas production function and the R&D capital model with three main independent variables: physical capital, dummy and R&D capital, and labor variables reflecting type of ownership and size of labor. Research findings show that a positive and significant impact of R&D expenditure on productivity is found with the elasticity of productivity with respect to R&D expenditure per labor is about 0. Moreover, the effects of physical capital and labor on productivity are also positively and statistically significant.
The elasticity of productivity with respect to physical capital per labor and total labor are around 0. 4 ACRONYMS EU European Union CBO Congressional Budget Office GDP Gross Domestic Product MFP Multifactor Productivity MOST Ministry of Science and Technology NACE Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community National Institute for Science and Technology Policy & Strategy NISTPASS Studies OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy R&D Research & Development SME Small and Medium Enterprise YES Vietnam Enterprise Survey VND Vietnamese Dong n. No Date VIF Variance Inflation Factors 5 --- - ----------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH Research and Development (R&D) is widely regarded as the core of technological advance, and innovative capacity of firms are reliably indicated by levels and rates of R&D expenditures growth.
Countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) spend significant amounts on R&D activities. Progress of technology has a quite central role in the modem economy today. It contributes importantly to growth of economy and is a key factor to determine the competitiveness of firms in both national and international marketplace. On average, OECD countries have spent more than 2 percent of GDP on annual public and private R&D investments during the last two decades (OSTP 1, 1997).
Those stocks of knowledge can be increased by formal investment in R&D activities. In the public and private sectors, the allocation of resources toward the investment to generate new knowledge must be decided carefully. There are many sources for productivity improvements, but one strategy for enhancing productivity growth which is widely acknowledged is increasing the stock of knowledge.