ACKNOWLEDGMENT After 2 years at the Vietnam-Japan university, I had many great experiences, new friends, helpful knowledge, and above all, I learned at the international study environment of the top university in Vietnam. First of all, I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to my research supervisor Professor Hironori Kato and Doctor Phan Le Binh for his kind support and continuous advice during research time. Their encouragement and comments had significantly enriched and improved my research process. Without their motivation and instructions, my research would have been impossible to be done.
Furthermore, from bottom of my heart, I would like to thanks Program Director of Infrastructure Engineering Program of Vietnam-Japan University (VJU), Prof Nguyen Dinh Duc who always has encouraged and deeply care about me; As of last, my deepest thanks come to the rest of the teachers and staff of Vietnam Japan University. Their kindly help and guidance has inspired me and helped me to overcome the challenges which I faced during the period of study at Vietnam Japan University. Although I tried to complete this research by all my effort, however, there are still many errors and shortcomings for many reasons. I look forward to receiving comments and suggestions which could present me with new sources of inspiration as I develop in my ability to research and learn.
Thank you sincerely! Nguyen Danh Minh i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT .i TABLE OF CONTENTS. ii LIST OF FIGURES. iv LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Some key finding from studies about ride‐hailing service in South East Asia countries. Some key finding from studies about ride‐hailing service in developed countries. INTRODUCING OF RHS, LEGAL MECHANISM AND CONTROVERSY IN OPERATION OF GRABCAR IN VIETNAM. The history of introducing RHS in Vietnam.
Legal mechanism for operation of GrabCar service in Vietnam. Controversy among stakeholders regarding operation of GrabCar service. Lawsuit between traditional taxi and Grab. Opinions of stakeholders relating operation of GrabCar service in Vietnam.
THE IMPACT OF RHS ON LOCAL PEOPLE AND DYNAMIC MOVEMENTS OF RIDE‐ HAILING CAR. Data collection by group discussion (qualitative interviews). Data collection by Grab app. Group discussion record.
Dynamic characteristic of RHS car. The fluctuation of the price over time. The relationship between the availability and the waiting time. The surge pricing.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. 54 ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. 56 iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Traditional taxi usage change in last 12 month.
History of introducing RHS in Vietnam. Allegation of Vinasun about operation of Grab. Image of the interview at VJU. The availability of ride-hailing car.
The waiting time and the price of trip. The location of districts in the city. The fluctuation of the price on weekdays in zone 1. The fluctuation of the price on Saturday in zone 1.
The fluctuation of the price on Sunday in zone 1. The fluctuation of the price on Monday and Wednesday in zone 2. The fluctuation of the price on Friday in zone 2. The fluctuation of the price on Saturday in zone 2.
The fluctuation of the price on Sunday in zone 2. The fluctuation of the price in zone 3. The frequency of the availability in weekdays in zone 1. The frequency of the waiting time in weekdays in zone 1.
The frequency of the availability in days of the week in zone 3. The frequency of the waiting time in days of the week in zone 3. The frequency of the waiting time at the peak-hour in zone 2 .53 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Information of plaintiff and defendant in lawsuit.
The detailed information of survey days. The characteristic of zone. The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (21h-22h) and (19h-21h). The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (22h-23h10) and (23h10- 24h).
The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (7h-14h) and (14h-22h). The fluctuation of price in zone 2. The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (16h30-19h30) and (15h30- 16h30). The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (18h-19h) and (15h30- 18h).
The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (22h-22h30) and (22h30- 24h). The fluctuation of price between 2 time group (21h-22h10) and (19h10- 21h). The fluctuation of price in zone 3. The regression statistics table displays the relationship between the availability and the waiting time of zone 1 and zone 3.
The regression statistics table displays the relationship between the availability and the waiting time of zone 2 .52 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS RHS Ride-hailing service RHCs Ride-hailing companies RHAs Ride-hailing apps ICT Information&Communication Technology AI Artificial intelligence MOT Ministry of Transport CBD Central business district vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT Ride-hailing service (RHS) is a new travel mode in urban transport system, it is called as the technology taxi service in Vietnam. Ride-hailing is the act of requesting a ride from a private passenger vehicle by an app on a smartphone. RHS has appeared in Vietnam from 2014, however, it has spread rapidly and affect significantly to Vietnam transport market and travel habit of people. Until now, there has been still no completed regulation for the operation of RHS in Vietnam.
RHS has caused big controversy with the domestic taxi industry, traditional taxi companies claim that RHS is no different from taxis, and that ride-hailing companies (RHCs) should be held to the same operating requirements and regulations as taxi companies, including licensing, fare regulation, and vehicle and driver safety standards in order to maintain an equal and fair playing field. The research has also evaluated qualitatively impacts of RHS on local people. The results show that people usually use Grab for picking up/sending off their children. Some people use Grab to replace their private vehicle to go to work or use it as a paratransit mode.
After examining the dynamic characteristic of the RHS car, some interesting findings have been revealed. The fluctuation of the price of Grab depends on the demand of the market. When the demand is high, the price of the trip will high and vice versa. The great fluctuation of price frequently happens at the morning peak – hour (6h-9h) on weekdays when people have a high demand for going to work.
On the weekend, the price frequently fluctuates widely in the afternoon (16h30-19h), in the evening (19h-22h) and at night (22h-23h) when people have a high demand for leisure purpose and going back their home. The waiting time for a RHS car does not only depend on the number of the available car around but also depends on the distance between the vehicle and the customer. A potential assumption also has been proposed that the algorithm of Grab app automatically raises prices to balance between demand and supply because when bad conditions happen. 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
INTRODUCTION Ride-hailing also is known as technology taxi in Vietnam – is the act of requesting a ride from a private passenger vehicle by an app on a smartphone. This type of system is built, managed, and operated by ride-hailing companies (RHCs), Grab (Malaysia), Uber (United States of American), or Gojek (Indonesia) are some well-known RHCs in South East Asia countries area. These RHCs serve as the broker between the customer who has ride demand and the driver who possesses and operates his/her own private vehicle. After launch, Ride-hailing service (RHS) has immediately redefined the individual public transport industry (taxi or motorcycle-taxi in some South East Asia countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia) with its user-friendly platform, which includes extra convenience, variety payment method, completed door-to-door service, maximal reduced waiting time.
RHS has appeared in Vietnam transport market in 2014 with 2 RHCs – Uber and Grab. Until 4/2018, Uber sold the whole market share for Grab, stopped providing all services of Uber in Vietnam. After Uber was taken over, Grab has occupied a large share of the passenger transport market. Within 5 years, Grab almost has dominated the individual public transport market in Vietnam, it has supplied service to a majority of metropolitan regions spanning throughout 36 provinces/cities across the country with 175.000 partners (drivers), has become a important portion of urban transport and affect significantly to operation of other types of transport business, especially type of traditional taxi business as well as travel behavior of people.
According to Vietnam Parliament Television, by the end of 2017, in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the number of traditional taxi car is only 23.000, reduced 8000 vehicles compared with transportation planning, meanwhile number of Grab car, from 0 vehicles, increased up to 37000 vehicles. The frequency of riding traditional taxi also goes down, 61% of users confirmed that they used 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com traditional taxi service less frequently than a year ago (according to the survey of Asia Plus Inc in July 2017). Traditional taxi usage change in last 12 month (Source: Asia Plus Inc on July, 2017) Currently, there is still no completed regulation for the operation of RHS in Vietnam. Besides that, RHS also has been causing the big controversy among stakeholders regarding regulatory statutes imposed on its operation.
The purpose of this study is to understand the history of introducing and the operation of RHS in Vietnam market as well as the reason of controversy based on the review of related websites, review of related laws, and statement of stakeholders about RHS. Besides that, a group discussion is carried out with Grab’s user to evaluate qualitatively impacts of RHS on local people. Finally, the research will evaluate the dynamic movements of ride-hailing vehicles relied on data of the ride- hailing app (RHA) on Information & Communication Technology (ICT) devices – the smartphone. Based on the background, objectives presented before, the research question this study pursues to answer is: What is the current problem of ride-hailing service? This thesis consists of 5 chapters.
This chapter focuses on the background, problems statement as well as the main objectives of this research. The following chapters are written as follows: 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 2 reviews previous researches in the literature to understand the research approach and how to find problems, thereby clarifying the research objectives in accordance with current studies. Chapter 3 summarize the history of introducing RHS system into Vietnam; analyze the legal mechanism relating RHS; find out operation of Grab in Vietnam transport market as well as reaction among stakeholders regarding its operation, thereby clarifying reasons of controversy around this type of service Chapter 4 analyze the impacts of RHS on local people through group discussion; describe procedures to collect data by Grab app on the smartphone, thereby determining the dynamic movements mechanism of the ride-hailing vehicle. Chapter 5 concludes the discussion and identify current problems which may have on RHS, thereby proposing appropriate policies.
4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Grab company The initial idea for Grabtaxi started when classmate group of Anthony Tan visited Malaysia and complained about their terrible experiences in a local taxi. The complaint from friends stimulated thoughts in Tan, he started thinking about what is the problem of the taxi service in Malaysia and how to could improve it. After came back Harvard, Tan and his team built a business plan for application on the smartphone that offers available taxis around the location of passengers by using mapping and location-sharing (Phillip, 2014).