VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES KT an PHAM THANH HUYEN COMMUNICATION STYLE AT THE VIETNAMESE AND AMERICAN WORKPLACE PHONG CÁCH GIAO TIẾP CÔNG SỞ Ở VIET NAM VA MY M. Minor Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Tlanoi — 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES Teenie PHAM THANH HUYEN COMMUNICATION STYLE AT THE VIETNAMESE AND AMERICAN WORKPLACE PHONG CACH GIAO TIEP CONG 86 0 VIET NAM VA MY M. Minor Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: PILAN TI] VAN QUYEN, M.A Tlanoi — 2012 TABLE OF CONTEN Certificate of originality of project report Acknowledgements Abstract List of flgures and tables CHAPTER 1: NTRODLUCTION. Objectives of the study 1.
Sigmificancc of the study. The scope of the study Methods of the study. Design of the study CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2. Definition of intercultural communication, 2.2, Hofstede’s and Hall’s cultural dimensions.
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.2, Hall's cultural dimensions.4, Communication style at the workplace 2. Some potential problems in multicultural working environment. Selection of participants 3. Daia collection instruments, 3.
Methods of đata analysis. LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 2.1: Definition of Culture by Ferrando.2: Definition of Culture by Levine and Adelman.3: Definition of Culture by Nguyen Quang Figure 2.4: Definition of Commumeation by Nguyen Quang. LIST OF TABLES ‘Table 1: Viemamese and American working experience Table 2: Vietnamese and American working experience with Americans! Vietnamese Table 3: Vietnamese and Americem self-evaluation on the interculiural communication. effectiveness Table 4: Vietnamese and American punctuality Table 5: Vieinamese and American preference towards individual work and team work ‘Table 6: Vietnamese and American priority in team work Table 7: Fiemamese and American decision-making style Table 8: Vietamese and American reaction when assigned a too difficult task Table 9: Vietnamese and American way of presenting new ideas Table 1 Fietnamese and American way of conflict resolving ble 11: Zhe Vietramese and American evaluation of personal contribution to the 18/0 project's suecess Table 12; Individual and collective responsibility for ihe team project's failure -1- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
Ratipnale Globalisation, intematonalization, trans-border trade and cross cultural business are all terms that have been coined over the past decade(s) to reflect the reality of the world economy, Growth and success in today’s global cconomy depend on being able to work intemationally. In this era of globalization, multinational organizations are dominating the world economy (Shuler & Wiseman, 1994), In recent years many researchers in applied linguistics and professionals working for an intemational company have emphasised the importance of knowledge of different cultures and they agree that globalisation has brought about the growing trend to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds (Borgulya, 2007; Bukacsi ci. Ono of the central challenges faccd by multinational organizations 1s to manage a workforce composed of people from different cultures (Joshi, Labianca, & Caligiuri, 2002; Shenkar & Zeira, 1987). Because employees front different cultural backgrounds often have different.
values, beliefs, and assumptions coneeming various issues, misunderstanding or conflict could easily occur during intercultural interaction (Earley & Mosakowsl i, 2000; Ting-Toomey, 1999). As a matter of fact, problems relating to inadequate intercultural understanding have undermined intemational organizational efiectiveness (Lindsley, 1999), On the contrary, effective intercultural communication contributes to a healthy working environment and productive collaboration among culturally diverse stall (Tokarek, 2006). Therefore, iL is necessary te study intercultural communication in a multicultural and multilingual workplace. Although there is extensive literature on intercultural communication, existing intercultural communication theories still have limited dirccl application to communication it a business setting (Beamer & Varner, 2008) With the increasing importance of the Viernam market in the world economy, many inlsmational companies tushed and planned to enter Vicnam lo explore business opportunities.
Intemational working teams in Vietnam are quite common these days. This has spumed the need for cross-cultural research in Vietnam. It was reported that the great barriers eauscd by cultural differences like difficulty of communication, differcal objectives and means of cooperation and operating methods, have led to the failure in people’s communication at the multicultural workplace. ‘his includes the communication ‘between employer - employee and employee - employee in the same working environment.
-4- Chapter 4: Findings and discussion introduces the results of the survey which describe the differences belwcen Vicinamess and American communication style, which leads to problems occurring when Vietnamese and American people communicate at the workplace. Then, the findings are analyzed and discussed Chapter 5: Conclusion presents the conclusion, implication for people working in intercultural working cnvironment, the limitations of the study in which the author states the reasons for the study’s limitations, and suggestions for further study. -2- Although in this context it mainly includes opportunities and challenges of developing global society, the conperation advantagcous for the partners involved may change into mutual competition, The question like "how to understand Vietnamese! American people 50 as to work with them effectively" has occupisd the minds of people who are planning to work or have already worked in a multicultural organization. That is why the author of this study decided to do a rescarch on this ficld in order to investigate the need to manage problems of controlling and communication in the cross-cultural environment of companies 1.
Objectives of the study ‘The objectives of this research are as follows - To investigate the typical characteristics in Victnamesc and American communication at the workplace. - To identify the potential problems in Vietnamese and American cross: cultural communication, ‘The specific research questions are addressed as follows: - What is the Victname: ommuunication style at the workplace? - What is the American communication style at the workplace? - What are the similarities and differences in the communication style at the Viotnamese and American workplace? 1. Significance of the study This hoped that this sludy will be of great use in hatping people, especially those ‘who intend to apply for a job or are working in a multi-cultural working environment, have an overview of possible problems occuring when Vietnamese and American staff communicate wilh cach other. As a csull, they aan have deeper imderstanding of the twa caltures and avoid misunderstandings when communicating, with each other.
In addition, in the age of globalization when intercultural communication is common nowadays, this stucly hopes to contribute to the worldwide research on cross-cultural communication. -8- CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1, Culture There have been a great number of discussions and conceptualizations of culture However, the definitions of culture might fall into two following categories: +Definitions of culture based on the emphasis of one or more constituents. One of these is the definition by Garry Ferrando. He states: “culture is what people have, think and do as a member in a society” (cited in Nguyén Quang [2007, p.
This can be illustrated as in figure 2.1 Material s 3 Behavior objects pattern (HAVE) (THINK) (DO) rei TUR Figure 2.1: Definition of Culture by Ferrando. Levine and Adelman (1993, p.17) hold that: “Culture is a shared background (For example, national, ethnic, religious) resulting from a common language and communication style, customs, beliefs, attitudes and values." They take culture as an iceberg, with one-fourth floating and three-fourths sinking as in figure 2.2 LEVINE & ADELMAN (1993) Figure 2.2: Definition of Culture by Levine and Adelman. Ratipnale Globalisation, intematonalization, trans-border trade and cross cultural business are all terms that have been coined over the past decade(s) to reflect the reality of the world economy, Growth and success in today’s global cconomy depend on being able to work intemationally. In this era of globalization, multinational organizations are dominating the world economy (Shuler & Wiseman, 1994), In recent years many researchers in applied linguistics and professionals working for an intemational company have emphasised the importance of knowledge of different cultures and they agree that globalisation has brought about the growing trend to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds (Borgulya, 2007; Bukacsi ci.
Ono of the central challenges faccd by multinational organizations 1s to manage a workforce composed of people from different cultures (Joshi, Labianca, & Caligiuri, 2002; Shenkar & Zeira, 1987). Because employees front different cultural backgrounds often have different. values, beliefs, and assumptions coneeming various issues, misunderstanding or conflict could easily occur during intercultural interaction (Earley & Mosakowsl i, 2000; Ting-Toomey, 1999). As a matter of fact, problems relating to inadequate intercultural understanding have undermined intemational organizational efiectiveness (Lindsley, 1999), On the contrary, effective intercultural communication contributes to a healthy working environment and productive collaboration among culturally diverse stall (Tokarek, 2006).
Therefore, iL is necessary te study intercultural communication in a multicultural and multilingual workplace. Although there is extensive literature on intercultural communication, existing intercultural communication theories still have limited dirccl application to communication it a business setting (Beamer & Varner, 2008) With the increasing importance of the Viernam market in the world economy, many inlsmational companies tushed and planned to enter Vicnam lo explore business opportunities. Intemational working teams in Vietnam are quite common these days. This has spumed the need for cross-cultural research in Vietnam.
It was reported that the great barriers eauscd by cultural differences like difficulty of communication, differcal objectives and means of cooperation and operating methods, have led to the failure in people’s communication at the multicultural workplace. ‘his includes the communication ‘between employer - employee and employee - employee in the same working environment. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ¬—. Self— evaluatien of the effeciventess of the Intercuttural conamunlcation at the workplace - 26 - 4.4, Attitude towards team work.
Decision-making slyle 31- 4. Collective resgn -37- CHAPTER5: CONCLUSION. Implications for people working in interculturalworking environment.1 Implications for people working in intercultural working environment - 41 - 5. Implications for Americans working with Vietnamese - -43- 5,3.
Limitalion of the study -44- 5. Suggestions for further sbuđy.4, The scope of the study The study focuses on investigating Vietnamese and American communication style at the workplace in some areas sueh as punctuality, eroup work, decision-making process. reaction to leaders’ command, presentation of new ideas, personal contribution and responsibility in teamwork results, Other arcas should be beyond the scope of this study. Methnils af the study All the supervisor's guidance, other teachers’ ideas and opinions, and relevant items have been selacted, sindicd, analyzed, synthesized and paraphrasod.
The survey has been done by distributing a questionnaire to 30 Vietamese and 30 American people who have experience in intercultural communication in different workplaces. In addition, informal interviews with the Vietnamese and American staff have been conducted to have a deeper view of the problems, All collceted data and information have been analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods. Design of the study ‘The study consists of5 chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction prescnts the rationale, the objectives, seape, the significance, the methods and the design of the study. Chapter 2: Theoretical background starts with the definitions of culture, communication and intercultural communication, Then, Hofitede's and HalPs onltural dimensions are presented and discussed.
After that the communication style at the workplace ars taken into consideration as well as some potential problems in multicultural working cnvironment ae identificd, Finally, the previous studics is mentioned and evaluated, Chapter 3; Methodology presents the methodology used in this study. This part consisis of3 parts: the selection of participants int which the author gives some reasons for the selection and the description of the participants, the data collection instiuments in which the instrument and procedure of data analysis are discussed, methods of data collection in which the methods and procedurs of data collection are identi fied.4, The scope of the study The study focuses on investigating Vietnamese and American communication style at the workplace in some areas sueh as punctuality, eroup work, decision-making process. reaction to leaders’ command, presentation of new ideas, personal contribution and responsibility in teamwork results, Other arcas should be beyond the scope of this study. Methnils af the study All the supervisor's guidance, other teachers’ ideas and opinions, and relevant items have been selacted, sindicd, analyzed, synthesized and paraphrasod.