MIISTRY OF EDUCATIO AD TRAIIG UIVERSITY OF ECOOMICS HOCHIMIH CITY ---------------------- MAI XUÂ VIỆT CREDIT RISK MAAGEMET: A CASE STUDY OF BIDV MASTER THESIS HoChiMinh City - 2011 123doc MIISTRY OF EDUCATIO AD TRAIIG UIVERSITY OF ECOOMICS HOCHIMIH CITY ---------------------- MAI XUÂ VIỆT CREDIT RISK MAAGEMET: A CASE STUDY OF BIDV MAJOR: BAKIG MAJOR CODE: 60.12 MASTER THESIS ISTRUCTOR: DOCTOR HỒ VIẾT TIẾ HoChiMinh City - 2011 123doc i ACKOWLEDGEMET I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my research Instructor, Dr. Ho Viet Tien for his precious guidance, intensive support, ceaseless encouragement and highly valuable suggestions during the course of my research. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Truong Tan Thanh for his instruction and advice during the course of my thesis.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all of my teachers at Faculty of banking and finance and Postgraduate Faculty, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City for their teaching and guidance during my MBA course. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of my classmates, my friends for their support and encouragement. I would also like to avail this opportunity to express my appreciation to Dr Nguyen Minh Kieu for his proposal of organizing the MBA program in English. Finally, I would like to thank my boss and all of my colleagues for their help in knowledge, experience of banking practice and data collection during the course of my research.
123doc ii ABSTRACT Along with the development of the economy, the Vietnam banking system has developed rapidly. It brings about comfort to businesses with a lot of modern banking services, financing the economy, giving citizens and businesses a channel for investment. Banking business brings about huge profit. However, the banking business has a lot of potential risk, especially credit risk.
Credit risk may bring severe consequences to a bank and to the whole banking system, it increases expense of banks, causing loss to banks, or even worse, it may bring about a collapse in the banking system. Many collapses in human history prove the bad consequences of poor credit risk management practices. Vietnamese bankers now are paying much attention to risk management in general and credit risk management in particular. This is a part of their business strategy.
Banks are trying to improve their credit risk management capacity and practice. A case study of BIDV is performed to explore and evaluate the performance of credit risk management in banking sector and find out some solutions for credit risk management practice. The result of this study will help the Vietnam banking system in the performance of its credit risk management policy and practice. 123doc iii TABLE OF COTETS Acknowledgment.
ii Table of contents .iii List of tables. viii List of abbreviations. ix Chapter 1: Introduction. Statement of the problem.
Research objectives and questions. Scope and limitation. Structure of the study. 6 Chapter 2: Theoretical framework.
Risk and risk management in banks. Credit risk and credit risk management banks. Credit risk management. Standards of credit risk management of BCBS.
Establishing an appropriate credit risk environment. Operating under a sound credit granting process. Maintaining an appropriate credit administration, measurement and monitoring process. Ensuring adequate controls over credit risk.
Regulations of the State Bank of Vietnam on credit risk management. Regulations on classifications of debts and loss provisioning in banking operation of credit institutions. Credit rating for customers. Some knowledge on credit risk management.
25 Chapter 3: Research Methods. 33 Chapter 4: Introduction to BIDV. An overview of BIDV. Business performance of BIDV in the period 2006-2010.
Business environment in the period 2006-2010. Credit activities in the period 2006-2010. Strategic objectives in the time to come. 47 123doc vi Chapter 5: Data analysis and findings.
Regulations on credit risk management of the bank. Documents related to credit risk. Credit risk management policy. Regulations on lending.
Policies on security transactions. Credit risk management information system. Credit extension limits and credit restrictions. The credit risk management system and organization.
Measurement of and controls over credit risk. Classification of Debts, Loss Provisioning and using provisions to compensate for credit risk. Classification of debts and loan loss provisioning. Using provisions to compensate for credit risk.
The compliance with standards of Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and regulations of the State Bank of Vietnam. The effectiveness of credit risk management policy of BIDV. 65 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations. Conclusions related to research questions.
Regulations on credit risk management. Limitations of the research. 69 123doc viii LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Total assets of BIDV in the period 2006-2010 Table 4.2: Total assets of BIDV in comparison with some big commercial banks in Vietnam in 2010 Table 4.3: Loans and advances to customers (net of allowance for impairment losses) Table 4.4: Owner’s equity over 2006-2010 period Table 4.5: Owner’s equity in 2010 compared to some Vietnamese commercial banks Table 4.6: CAR at the end of 2010 compared to some big Vietnamese commercial banks Table 4.7: BIDV’s profitability over the 2006-2010 period Table 4.8: BIDV’s profitability in 2010 compared to some other commercial banks Table 4.9: Credit growth of BIDV over the period 2006-2010 Table 4.10: Credit structure by types Table 4.11: Loan classification Table 4.12: The percentage of loan classes Table 4.13: NPLs of BIDV in 2010 in comparison with some other big commercial banks Table 5.1: Internal credit rating system of BIDV Table 5.2: Internal credit rating and debt classifications of BIDV 123doc ix LIST OF ABREVIATIOS Agribank Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam BCBS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio CEO Chief Executive Officer CPI Consumer Price Index Eximbank Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint Stock Bank NPL Nonperforming Loan ODA Official Development Assistance ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity Sacombank Saigon Thuong tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank VCB Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam Vietinbank Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade 123doc 1 CHAPTER 1 ITRODUCTIO 1. Introduction This chapter provides a general introduction to the current study, by drawing a picture of the following chapters and the study as a whole, beginning with a general introduction in section 1.2 examines the research background, section 1.3 makes a statement of the problem, and section 1.4 specifies research objectives and defines the research questions.
In addition, section 1.5 discusses scope and some limitations of the study; section 1.6 briefly discusses the general aspects of research methods such as research types and research design; Section 1.7 introduces the structure of the study. Research background Credit is always a source of benefit to banks, profit from credit always accounts for a big amount in total earnings. However, credit is also a source of risk. Adequately managing credit risk in banks is critical for the survival and growth of banks.
The issue of credit risk is of great concern because of the high levels of perceived risks resulting from some of the characteristics of clients and business conditions that they find themselves in. Banks are in the business of safeguarding money and other valuables for their clients. They also provide loans, credit and payment services such as checking accounts, money orders and cashier’s checks. Banks also offer investment and insurance products and a wide range of other financial services.
Credit brings main income to banks, but this activity involves huge risks to both the lender and the borrower. The risk of borrowers not fulfilling their 123doc 2 obligations as per contract on due date or anytime thereafter can terribly jeopardize the smooth functioning of a bank’s business. On the other hand, a bank with high credit risk has high bankruptcy risk that puts the depositors in jeopardy. Among the risk that faces banks, credit risk is one of great concern to most bank authorities and banking regulators.
This is because credit risk is the risk that can easily and most likely prompt bank failure. Credit risk management is a structured approach to managing uncertainties through risk assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. The strategies include transferring to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effects of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk (Takang Felix Achou & Ntui Claudine Tenguh, 2008). Traditional risk managements focus on risks stemming from physical or legal causes.
Financial risk management on the other hand focuses on risks that can be managed using traded financial instruments. The objective of risk management is to reduce the effects of different kinds of risks to the level accepted by the society. It may refer to many types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and politics. On the other hand, it involves all means available for humans, or in particular, for a risk management entity.
This thesis makes a brief look on Credit risk management practice of Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV) and further probes into risk exposure, assessment, management and control of the bank. An attempt will be made to discover the use of some risk management, evaluation, assessment tools and techniques of the bank at the moment. The way the bank manages credit risk will be explored. Statement of the problem The major risk in banking business is credit risk.
This is the risk banks have to measure, manage and accept. Banking business is so sensitive because most of banks’ liabilities are deposits from depositors. Banks use these deposits to lend their borrowers. Lending is a revenue generating activity for banks.
This process exposes banks to high default risk that may lead to financial danger including bankruptcy. However, banks must make loans to their clients to make money, to grow and develop. Risk management in general and credit risk management in particular always draw great attention of bankers. In order to survive, banks have to manage risks well.
Bankers now pay more attention to credit risk management. Every bank now has its credit risk management department with main task of issuing credit policies and credit procedures so as to simultaneously serve customers well to earn profit and to mitigate risks. Credit risk management is always an activity of great concerns of Board of Management, Board of Directors and every credit officer of BIDV. BIDV has established a credit risk management Department in order to monitor credit activity, to manage and mitigate credit risk.
Besides, BIDV has issued a system of policies, procedures and regulations for lending activity. As a result, credit risk is mitigated significantly, loans are well controlled and non-performing loans are in acceptable limitation. The purpose of this study is to explore the way BIDV manages credit risk and to make an assessment of credit risk management practice of BIDV, its policy and procedures compared to standards of Basel Committee on Baking Supervision and regulations of the State Bank of Vietnam in order to help improve its credit risk management practice. Besides, the result of the study may have an implication on other banks and the banking system as a whole.
Research objectives and questions 1. Research objectives The research objective is the researcher’s version of the business problem. These objectives explain the purpose of the research in measurable terms and define standards of what the research should accomplish (Zikmund 1997). In order to solve the research problem, the research objectives of this study are to explore and evaluate the credit risk management practice of BIDV in order to strengthen the effectiveness of its credit risk management system.
Research questions A research question is the researcher’s translation of the business problem into a specific need for enquiry (Zikmund 1997).