VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INFERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES NONG VAN HAI SUBSTITUTION AS A GRAMMATICAL COHESIVE DEVICE IN ENGLISH NARRATIVE IN COMPARISON WITH ITS TRANSLATION INTO VIETNAMESE (Phép thể như phương tiện liên kết ngũ phap trong vantran thuật tiếng Anh so sánh với bản dịch sang tiếng Việt) M. Minur programme thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.15 HANOI, 2011 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACTLTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUMES NONG VAN HAL SUBSTITUTION AS A GRAMMATICAL COHESIVE DEVICE IN ENGLISH NARRATIVE IN COMPARISON WITTLITS TRANSLATION INTO VIETNAMESE (Phép thế như phương tiện liên kết ngữ pháp trong văn. trần thuật tiếng Anh so sánh với ban dich sang tiếng Việt) M. Minor nrogrammc thesis Field: English Linguistics Cade: 60.
DUONG THI NU TIANOI, 2011 TABLE OF CO NTS CONTENTS PAGES: DECLARATION. TABLE OF CONTENTS. LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. AIMS OF THE STUDY.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY 2 4. METHODS ÓF THE STUDY. DESIGN OF THE STUDY. an CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND.1 The Concept of Discourse.2 Spoken and wrilten discourse 6 1.1 The concept of cohesion _ 10 1.
Coherence li PART B: DEVELOPMENT CIIAPTER }: TIIEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 The Concept of Discourse. There are different ways of understanding and defining discowse. Halliday (1985) defines “Discourse is a multidimensional process”. According to Crystal (1992) discourse is seen as “a continuous stretch of language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative”.
Cook (1989) has a similar perspective of discourse; he considers discourse as “stretches of language perceived to be meaningful, unified, and purposive”. In olhcr words, as Brown and Yule stale, discourse is language material, either spoken or written, in actual uses by speakers (and writers) of the language Since its introduction to modem science the term “discourse” has taken various, sometimes very broad, meanings. In order to specify which of the numerous scnscs is analyzed in the following dissertation it has to be defined. Originally the word “discourse” comes from Latin “discursu’” which denoted “conversation, speech”.
Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life, therefore only discourse from the vantage point of linguistics, and especially applied linguistics, is explained here. There is no agreement atong Hnguists as Lo Lhe usc of the term discourse in that some use it in reference to texts, while others claim it denotes speech which is for instance illustrated by the following definition: "Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, offen consliluting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative” (Crystal 1992:25). On the other PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. RATIONALE Discourse Analysis, or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written and spoken language use or any significant semiotic event.
From the beginning of its appearance, Discourse Analy: has taken tp in a variety of social science disciplines. It is now a rapidly expanding field, providing insights into various aspects of language in use and therefore of great importance to language teaching. Tn Ihe carly days, language teaching has been concemed with pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, however, it was not until Discourse Analysis tured up thal. our awareness of how to pul this knowledge into action to gain successful communication was raised.
Literature, which plays a very important role in our spiritual life, has been greally developing as a consequence of the Ingh hving slandards. As a maticr ol” fact, there have been more and more people choosing to work in the literary field and their efforts have created so many famous works. It is open to questions as to which factors have to be taken into consideration to make a successful work. How important are those factors to the completion of a coherent and cohesive text? Added to this, the knowledge of cohesion and coherence are actually regarded as the crucial aspecis of language usage.
Cohesion is considered one of the most challenging aspects of translation, as any language has its own unique manners in which it employs cohesive devices in the creation of a cohesive text. Each language has its own patlerns to convey the interrelationships between persons and events; these patterns may not be ignored in a language if the readers understand what the translator wants to convey. The topic of cohesion has always appeared as the most useful constituent! of discourse analysis that is applied to translation. English and Vietnamese have different granunars and vocabulary structures, and it is only nalural that they pose great difficulties and challenges for a translator to deal with, especially in the field of literature.3 Types of Cohcsiow.
nọ nhe seecreeocve T2 1. L3 Overview of translation.1 The Concept of 1ranalation.2 Important factors of Translation oo.3 The basis of transÏation. nh nhe cieeae v22 1.4 Source Language and Tzuget LaUguape.1 English Substitution Devices: 2.2 Vietnamese Solutions to the English Substitution Devices.1 Grammatical Cohesion Devices ~ 38 2.2 Lexical Cohesion Devices - 31 2.3 Translation ‘lechnique: PART C: CONCLUSLON .3 Types of Cohcsiow. nọ nhe seecreeocve T2 1.
L3 Overview of translation.1 The Concept of 1ranalation.2 Important factors of Translation oo.3 The basis of transÏation. nh nhe cieeae v22 1.4 Source Language and Tzuget LaUguape.1 English Substitution Devices: 2.2 Vietnamese Solutions to the English Substitution Devices.1 Grammatical Cohesion Devices ~ 38 2.2 Lexical Cohesion Devices - 31 2.3 Translation ‘lechnique: PART C: CONCLUSLON. RATIONALE Discourse Analysis, or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written and spoken language use or any significant semiotic event. From the beginning of its appearance, Discourse Analy: has taken tp in a variety of social science disciplines.
It is now a rapidly expanding field, providing insights into various aspects of language in use and therefore of great importance to language teaching. Tn Ihe carly days, language teaching has been concemed with pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, however, it was not until Discourse Analysis tured up thal. our awareness of how to pul this knowledge into action to gain successful communication was raised. Literature, which plays a very important role in our spiritual life, has been greally developing as a consequence of the Ingh hving slandards.
As a maticr ol” fact, there have been more and more people choosing to work in the literary field and their efforts have created so many famous works. It is open to questions as to which factors have to be taken into consideration to make a successful work. How important are those factors to the completion of a coherent and cohesive text? Added to this, the knowledge of cohesion and coherence are actually regarded as the crucial aspecis of language usage. Cohesion is considered one of the most challenging aspects of translation, as any language has its own unique manners in which it employs cohesive devices in the creation of a cohesive text.
Each language has its own patlerns to convey the interrelationships between persons and events; these patterns may not be ignored in a language if the readers understand what the translator wants to convey. The topic of cohesion has always appeared as the most useful constituent! of discourse analysis that is applied to translation. English and Vietnamese have different granunars and vocabulary structures, and it is only nalural that they pose great difficulties and challenges for a translator to deal with, especially in the field of literature. RATIONALE Discourse Analysis, or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written and spoken language use or any significant semiotic event.
From the beginning of its appearance, Discourse Analy: has taken tp in a variety of social science disciplines. It is now a rapidly expanding field, providing insights into various aspects of language in use and therefore of great importance to language teaching. Tn Ihe carly days, language teaching has been concemed with pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, however, it was not until Discourse Analysis tured up thal. our awareness of how to pul this knowledge into action to gain successful communication was raised.
Literature, which plays a very important role in our spiritual life, has been greally developing as a consequence of the Ingh hving slandards. As a maticr ol” fact, there have been more and more people choosing to work in the literary field and their efforts have created so many famous works. It is open to questions as to which factors have to be taken into consideration to make a successful work. How important are those factors to the completion of a coherent and cohesive text? Added to this, the knowledge of cohesion and coherence are actually regarded as the crucial aspecis of language usage.
Cohesion is considered one of the most challenging aspects of translation, as any language has its own unique manners in which it employs cohesive devices in the creation of a cohesive text. Each language has its own patlerns to convey the interrelationships between persons and events; these patterns may not be ignored in a language if the readers understand what the translator wants to convey. The topic of cohesion has always appeared as the most useful constituent! of discourse analysis that is applied to translation. English and Vietnamese have different granunars and vocabulary structures, and it is only nalural that they pose great difficulties and challenges for a translator to deal with, especially in the field of literature.
vì LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ‘Table 1. Type of cohesion Table 2. Grammatical and Lexical cohesion Table 3 Occurrences aud frequency of cohesive items of substitution in CorpusA Table 4, Occurrence and frequency of Viemamese solutions to the English substitution device Figure t: Reference 1.3 Types of Cohcsiow. nọ nhe seecreeocve T2 1.
L3 Overview of translation.1 The Concept of 1ranalation.2 Important factors of Translation oo.3 The basis of transÏation. nh nhe cieeae v22 1.4 Source Language and Tzuget LaUguape.1 English Substitution Devices: 2.2 Vietnamese Solutions to the English Substitution Devices.1 Grammatical Cohesion Devices ~ 38 2.2 Lexical Cohesion Devices - 31 2.3 Translation ‘lechnique: PART C: CONCLUSLON. mentions some background knowledge about Discourse Analysis as well as coherence and cohesion. Halliday and Hasan (1976) make a detailed classification of the cohesive devices in English.
These authors distinguish between grammatical and lexical cohesion. According to them, grammatical cohesion embraces four different devices: Reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction. ‘This study will only focus on analyzing how substitution is used as a device of grammatical ochesion in English narralive and ils translated vorsion into Victnamese 4, METHODS OF THE STUDY To carry out this study, two litorary corpora wore used. They were identified as Corpus A and Corpus B.
The former was composed of the original texts written in English entilled “pride and prejudice” and it was made up of 121.728 words ‘The latter consisted of 141.370 words which was the Vietnamese translated version of those very same texts. The literary text was chosen for analysis because it is a famous literary work of Jane Austen. Added to this, T have read both the orginal and the Vietnamese translated version for several times and find this story very interesting to make an analysis. Both corpora have a digital format and are available on the internet.
Detailed information about the translations was not available. In the study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted for analysis. And the analysis was conducted in the following steps - Mirstly, make an identification in corpus A of the substitution devices employed in English based one the classification theory of Halliday and Hasan. The identification of such items was camed oul wilh the help of a concordance programme named Antcone 3.
- Then, locate the equivalent linguistic expressions in Corpus B. - Finally, discuss and analyze the solutions adopted in the Vietnamese translation.3 Types of Cohcsiow. nọ nhe seecreeocve T2 1. L3 Overview of translation.1 The Concept of 1ranalation.2 Important factors of Translation oo.3 The basis of transÏation.
nh nhe cieeae v22 1.