VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****************** NGUYỄN THỊ MINH TÂM A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF POWER IN TRUMP’S INAUGURAL SPEECH (Bài phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán về việc sử dụng quyền lực trong bài phát biểu nhậm chức của Tổng Thống Mỹ D.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Linguistics Code : 8220201.01 Hanoi – 2019 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****************** NGUYỄN THỊ MINH TÂM A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF POWER IN TRUMP’S INAUGURAL SPEECH (Bài phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán về việc sử dụng quyền lực trong bài phát biểu nhậm chức của Tổng Thống Mỹ D.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Linguistics Code : 8220201. NGUYỄN HÒA Hanoi - 2019 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I hereby warrant that this thesis granted “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Power in D.Trump’s inaugural Speech” is a study of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of language and International Studies Vietnam National University, and the thesis has never been published in any forms. Hanoi, 2019 Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the fulfillment of this study, first and foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Prof. Nguyễn Hòa, the lecturer at Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, ULIS, VNU for his enthusiastic and valuable suggestions, comments as well as his advice.
I would like to thank all the lecturers of Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, ULIS, VNU, for their training and support in all my M.study process implement this M. Besides, I would like to express my thanks to all the faculty specialists who helped me a lot. Finally, I also would like to express my deep thanks to my family and friends for their love, support and encouragement. ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT This study presents a CDA of the Inaugural Speech of Presidential Donald Trump which was delivered on 20th, January 2017.
The data in this research is a Trump‟s speech published on December 8th, 2017, on CNN channel, on YouTube. The main purpose of this analysis is to explore and discover the relationships between language, ideology and power through social practice, discourse process of Donald Trump‟s speech, based mainly on Fairclough‟s CDA framework (1992, 2001): Description, Interpretation, and Explanation, it also focused on the analysis of language features, the relationship between situational and intertextual context, and social process. The method applied in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The results of the analysis have shown that Trump used soft skills to express his ideology, his own way to inspire the Americans, to give the future plans and lead the Americans to follow him, with strategies to get vast support and trust from the Americans.
iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. CDA Critical Discourse Analysis 2. SFG Systemic Functional Grammar 3. DA Discourse Analysis 4.
MR Members’ Resources 5. DHA Discourse History Analysis iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLES OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. iv TABLES OF CONTENTS .v LIST OF TABLES. vii LIST OF FIGURES.
viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Aims of the study. Method of the study. Scope of the study.
Significance of the study. Structure of the thesis CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW& THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. Some key concepts in CDA .The socio – cognitive approach by Teun van Dijk. The discourse – historical approach by Ruth Wodak .The dialectical – relational approach by Norman Fairclough.
Review of previous studies .17 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .20 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Social context of the speech .22 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Textual description and analysis .Macro – structure of the text. Interpretation of the relationship between the productive and interpretative processes.Explanation of the relationship between discourse and social process.
Recapitulation and Conclusion. Implications and Recommendations for further study .XXIV vi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Overview of process types (adapted from Halliday, 1994) .16 Table 2: Common pronouns in the speech .32 Table 3: The summary of transitivity analysis data .38 vii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Socio-political and socio-historic context (Fairclough, 1992) .15 Figure 2: Aspects of interpersonal management.17 Figure 3: Formal features: experiential, relational and expressive values (Fairclough, 2001, 94) .22 Figure 4: Interpretation (Fairclough, 2001, p.25 Figure 5: Explanation (Fairclough, 2001, p.26 Figure 6: The analysis of the macrostructure of the speech .39 viii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter presents rationale, aims, methodology, scope, significance and design of the study.
Rationale Since the 1970s, critical discourse analysis (CDA) has become a new approach of modern linguistics. It is an interdisciplinary language study that explains social problems. CDA is used in speech as a social practice, which “implies a dialectical relationship between a particular discursive event and the situations(s), institution(s), and social structure(s), which frame it” (Fairclough & Wodak, 1997: 258). Critical Discourse Analysis researches consider how language works within institutional and political discourse in order to covert social inequality in a social relationship.
Norman Fairclough (1989), the use of language in a social „language is social process, and language is a socially conditioned process‟. Fairclough (1995; 56) states “Critical Discourse Analysis includes the larger sociopolitical and socio-cultural contexts within which discourse is embedded, that we are able to reveal the ideological bases of discourse.” Here is political discourse focuses on the “abuse of such power through ideology” that is on “the ways one person or one community control people's beliefs and actions in the interest of dominant groups.” CDA is rooted in linguistics to produce and reproduce unequal power relations between different personal/individual, professional groups, ethnicities, social classes, ages, nation, and party, etc. Many studies in CDA have focused on the presidential inaugural speech which attracted a great deal of attention around the world, made many researchers interested in CDA is because Critical Discourse Analysis more focuses primarily on social problems and political issues. CDA is considered to be an effective tool to discover the power and ideology hidden in political discourse.
Donald Trump is one of the most different the President in America's history from the previous Presidents. He did not “play by the book” as previous Presidents made through such 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com speeches on gender, terrorism, immigration, and race, but the point he gave as a guardian for the US country with slogan “America First”,” Make America Great Again”, when becoming the 45th president of the United States, marked a political turning point in his life. Norman Fairclough (1989:256) suggests “discovery through linguistic analysis of the hidden connections between language, power and ideology”. As the ideology, gender, race, injustice, prejudice in society, its purpose is to recognize that language is not a communication but language is a social act, a social process to make social change through CDA.
Therefore, many writings discussed the speech in different directions in CDA. Investigating the speech from CDA perspective made the researcher feel curious to conduct this researched titled: A critical discourse analysis of power in Donald Trump’s inaugural speech. Aims of the study The aim of this study focuses on exploring and discovering Trump‟s Inaugural Speech to how Donald Trump employed power as a means of communication in his inaugural speech. To achieve these above aims for the study, the researcher attempts to give answers to the following research questions: What are (the) themes in Trump‟s speech? How are they realized linguistically? 1.
Method of the study The method used in this research is Fairclough‟s CDA dialectical-relational approach is to analyze for this study. Scope of the study This analysis of Donald Trump‟s speech is confined to verbal aspects and the social context in which the speech was presented. Nevertheless, the limitations of the time and space of the author preclude discovering all the available features in 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com the data. Only salient points relating to the aims of the study are being mentioned.
The study also excludes paralinguistic (intonation, speed, loudness, etc.) and extra- linguistic (body language as facial expressions, body languages). Although the significant factors are influential in conveying the speaker‟s ideology and message. Finally, the research is for academic purpose only and has no relation to any for or against any parties with the aim to change anyone‟s political standpoint. Significance of the study Significance of the study is that Critical discourse analysis as an analytical method provides a reference and orientation for many researches, especially political discourse analysis.
Speaker‟s power can be revealed through analyzing the language characteristics. This study demonstrates how linguistic elements help address social problems is helpful in supplying a support to CDA theories. Moreover, CDA can raise user‟s language consciousness, help people understand the deep meaning of political speech and improve their sensitiveness to the language. Thus, it may provide the researcher another approach with language teaching and learning from CDA viewpoint so that the ability of critical thinking is well focus on power in discourse.
Structure of the thesis This research is organized into 5 chapters as briefly summarized below: Chapter 1: Introduction this chapter introduce about rationale, aims, method, scope, significance and structure of the study. Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Background chapter two discusses CDA through discourse. This chapter presents an overview of the definition CDA, and three mainly approaches of CDA, CDA concepts of ideology (discourse, power and ideology, and the function of ideology), and as social practice to orientate for the study. Furthermore, it summarizes some previous researches from CDA perspective to provide the thorough knowledge in CDA.
3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Chapter 3: Research Methodology presents the data to be analyzed and the context in which it was constructed. This study consists a textual analysis of the political speech launched by Donald Trump through the presidential inaugural address 2017 from inception to its denouement. This chapter mentions the reasons to choose the topic and the context of the given address. Chapter 4: Findings and discussion is devoted to the analysis of the speech.
It seeks to answer the set of research questions that motivated this study and discussed the main findings. The goal is to reveal the ways in which Donald Trump represents the social process, and to illustrate and demonstrate for what ideologies Donald Trump conveys and how they are realized linguistically in his speech. Chapter 5: Conclusion is summarized the main findings, and revisited the rationale and research objectives that guided this research. The study is then evaluated in its limitations in terms of data selection and future research avenues in the field of political discourse analysis.
4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW& THEORETICAL BACKGROUND This chapter presents an overview and mention some definitions of CDA that give knowledge in understanding of CDA as a discipline. Some key concepts in CDA including power, ideology, discourse and some approaches to CDA are also presented in this part. Defining CDA The roots of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) lie in classical Rhetoric, Textlinguistics and Sociolinguistics, as well as in Applied Linguistics and Pragmatics. Critical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary study of discourse that views “language as social practice” (Fairclough/ Wodak, 1997), which studies and analyzes written and spoken text, with exploring the connection between the use of language with social context and social differences.
CDA studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality is enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and inequality context. Most analyses of CDA were concerned with social inequality, included religion aspect, gender, and the other ideologies. CDA also focuses on how political discourse constructed through linguistics elements to persuade and present the power in society.