VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FALCULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES AN ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA'S SPEECH AT PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA’S MEMORIAL, FROM CRITICAL DISCOURSE. ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES, PHAN TICH BAI PHAT BIẾT CỦA TÓNG THÓNG BARACK OBAMA TẠI LỄ TƯỞNG NIEM TONG THONG NELSON MANDELA, TU BINH DIEN PHAN TICH DIEN NGON PHE PHAN MA. MINOR PROGRAMME TBESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi - 2014 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FALCULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYEN DIEU HANG ANANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH AT PRESIDENT NELSON MANDELA’S MEMORIAL, FROM CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES PHAN TICH BAI PHAT BIEU CUA TONG THONG BARACK OBAMA “TẠI LẺ TƯỞNG NIEM TONG THONG NELSON MANDELA. TU BINH DIEN PHAN TiCH DIEN NGON PHE PHAN MA.
MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Prof. TTanoi - 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T would like lo express my deop gratilude towards my supervisor, Prof Nguyễn Hòa, for his constant and invaluable assistance withoul which my study would be far from finished, 1 am also greatly indebted to all my colleagues at Thuan ‘Thanh iligh School 3 who provided me with valuable materials and enthusiastic support Finally, my sincere thanks go to my beloved family for their love, encouragement, and support while I was carrying out this research. Hanoi, May 2014 Nguyễn Diện Hằng 3. Scope of the Study ‘The shully takes the written text of the speach at Nelson Mandala’s suermoris] by the incumbent president of the USA, Barack Obama.
TL is the speech Banack Obama delivered in Prague on Tuesday, Recember 10, 2013, paying tribute to Mandela’s life, and calling on the world to remember him by continuing to fight injustice, on the occasion of Mandela’s memorial at the Kirst National Bank Stadium (FNB Stadium), South Aftica In this study, | focus only on relevant salient features, Since this research is pure lingusstic, 1 have no intention of giving an in-depth research into political science. Nevertheless, social-political context is presumed to result in the realization and representation of power and ideology of the speaker, 4. Method of the Study ‘Yhe methodology in this paper follows the view of the most outstanding theoreticians in this approach (Fairclough19¥9, 1992, 1995, 2001, 2002; van Dijk1993, 1997, 1998, 1980, 2000). Methods of description and analysis are applied to investigate the realization and representation of power and ideology of the discourse.
Although several approaches to CDA have been chosen and analyzed, the one by Norman Fairclough is prior as it supplies most fundamental knowledge in the CDA. Structure of the Study ‘Ths study consists of three main parts. Firstly, the Introduction part explains the rationale, aims, scopes and methods of the research. The next part is ‘Theoretical Background, which sets a theoretical and suppositional orientation for the study.
A detailed Analysis will follow this with a thorough look into description, interpretation and explanation stage. And the two parts ending this study are Conclusion and References. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT. LIST OF TARLES.
Rationale of the Study. Objectives of the Study 3. Scope of the Study. 4, Method of the Study.
Structure of the Study. CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. Political Discourse and Speech.2, Critical Discourse Analysi: 1. Definition of CDA.
Slages of CDA, 1. CDA as the main approach far this study. CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHOD. Analyzing data CHAPTER 3: AN ANALYSIS OF BARACK OBAMA'S SPEECH AT NELSON MANDELA'S MEMORIAL.
Cantext of the chosen text. Textual Description and Analysis 2. Macro-lcvcl Analysis. Interpretation of the relationship between the productive and interpretative Processes 32 3.
Interpretation of situational context. Intertexlual context and presupposition. Explanation of the Discourse Process and Social Practice in the Discourse. iv PART A: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale of the Stuily Alowg with the development of the human sovioty, language has cvelved to satisfy human needs, An important move in linguistics in recent years has intoduced a uew model and method of analysis of language known as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), a new branch of Discourse Analysis (DA). Different from Discourse Analysis in general, CDA views language as a social practice — langnage is a part of society, language is a social process, and language is a socially conditioned process (Norman Fairclongh, 1989). This is a linguistic approach widely applied for the analysis of political discourse. In polities, CDA is oftzn applied to explors and diseover power and, idcology hidden in the political discourse lield by the authority.
This inspired me to choose Noman Faircoulgh’s as the theoretical framework for my MA thesis, Furthermore, 1 myself find CDA really useft and interesting as it provides us an analytic tool to illustrate and clarify CDA concepts, along with uncovering the speaker's power and ideology. For those reasons, I have decided to choose CDA as the field of my study and take “An analysis of President Barack Obama’s speech at President Nelson Mandela's memorial, from critical discourse analysis perspectives” as a text for my thesis, using Norman Faitclough’s viewpoints as a theoretical framework. Objectives of the Study Basing on CDA approach and Norman Fairelough’s framework , the study aims at: © Aulyzing the grammatical and lexical features, and the structures of the discou © Analyzing Nelson Mandela's values presented in the discourse, and the purpose of the author making this specch through grammatical and lexical items, and the struclures of the discourse With the above objectives, the sturly deals with the following research questions © What arc Nelson Mandela's values presented in the discourse? « How arc these yalucs realized in terms of lexical and grammatical features, and structure of the discourse? PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the Stuily Alowg with the development of the human sovioty, language has cvelved to satisfy human needs, An important move in linguistics in recent years has intoduced a uew model and method of analysis of language known as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), a new branch of Discourse Analysis (DA).
Different from Discourse Analysis in general, CDA views language as a social practice — langnage is a part of society, language is a social process, and language is a socially conditioned process (Norman Fairclongh, 1989). This is a linguistic approach widely applied for the analysis of political discourse. In polities, CDA is oftzn applied to explors and diseover power and, idcology hidden in the political discourse lield by the authority. This inspired me to choose Noman Faircoulgh’s as the theoretical framework for my MA thesis, Furthermore, 1 myself find CDA really useft and interesting as it provides us an analytic tool to illustrate and clarify CDA concepts, along with uncovering the speaker's power and ideology.
For those reasons, I have decided to choose CDA as the field of my study and take “An analysis of President Barack Obama’s speech at President Nelson Mandela's memorial, from critical discourse analysis perspectives” as a text for my thesis, using Norman Faitclough’s viewpoints as a theoretical framework. Objectives of the Study Basing on CDA approach and Norman Fairelough’s framework , the study aims at: © Aulyzing the grammatical and lexical features, and the structures of the discou © Analyzing Nelson Mandela's values presented in the discourse, and the purpose of the author making this specch through grammatical and lexical items, and the struclures of the discourse With the above objectives, the sturly deals with the following research questions © What arc Nelson Mandela's values presented in the discourse? « How arc these yalucs realized in terms of lexical and grammatical features, and structure of the discourse? ABSTRACT ‘This study presents an attempt to apply a critical discourse analysis perspective to investigating a political speech addressed by President Barack Obama on the occasion of the Nelson Mandela’s memorial on December 10", 2013. Based on a brief overview of critical discourse analysis introduced by Norman Fairclough, the study follows a framework with three parts: Description, Interpretation and Explanation. It focuses on the ammilysts of Tanguage features (exical ones andl gramamnatica! anes), the relationship between situational and infertextual context, and the discourse process and social process.
Data for the research, thanks to which the objectives are achieved, are coltected from the rescarch. ‘The findings show that the author employs linguistic features as the strategies to represent nis power and ideology. ‘fhe ideology of freedom, democracy and tolerance does not only belong io Nelson Mandela, but to Barack Obama as well. That is the way Obama hopes to exert his power and gain support from people around the world.
‘Ihe analysis also proves that critical discourse analysis is the smartest choice tor those whose concem is about political discourse, especially pohtical speech, PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the Stuily Alowg with the development of the human sovioty, language has cvelved to satisfy human needs, An important move in linguistics in recent years has intoduced a uew model and method of analysis of language known as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), a new branch of Discourse Analysis (DA). Different from Discourse Analysis in general, CDA views language as a social practice — langnage is a part of society, language is a social process, and language is a socially conditioned process (Norman Fairclongh, 1989). This is a linguistic approach widely applied for the analysis of political discourse.
In polities, CDA is oftzn applied to explors and diseover power and, idcology hidden in the political discourse lield by the authority. This inspired me to choose Noman Faircoulgh’s as the theoretical framework for my MA thesis, Furthermore, 1 myself find CDA really useft and interesting as it provides us an analytic tool to illustrate and clarify CDA concepts, along with uncovering the speaker's power and ideology. For those reasons, I have decided to choose CDA as the field of my study and take “An analysis of President Barack Obama’s speech at President Nelson Mandela's memorial, from critical discourse analysis perspectives” as a text for my thesis, using Norman Faitclough’s viewpoints as a theoretical framework. Objectives of the Study Basing on CDA approach and Norman Fairelough’s framework , the study aims at: © Aulyzing the grammatical and lexical features, and the structures of the discou © Analyzing Nelson Mandela's values presented in the discourse, and the purpose of the author making this specch through grammatical and lexical items, and the struclures of the discourse With the above objectives, the sturly deals with the following research questions © What arc Nelson Mandela's values presented in the discourse? « How arc these yalucs realized in terms of lexical and grammatical features, and structure of the discourse? PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.
Poli 1 Discourse and Speech We may come across two inlerprelations of a discomse, A broader one and a narrower one, The former, as called by Teun A. van Dijk, is a communicative event, which “involves a number of social actors in a specific setting (time, place, circumstances) and based on other context features”, and the latter is “the verbal dimension of the spoken or written communicative act of a communication event” (Teun A, van Dijk, 1998; 194), basically a talk or text, In Faclough’s view, itis whole process of social interaction of which a text is just a part” (Fairclough, 2001: 24), So the communicative event is equally important to the product of it. van Dijk defines political discourse as “the text and talk of professional polilicians or political institutions, such as presidents and prime ministers and other members of government, parliament or political parties, hoth at the local, national and international levels”, and forms of which “have political fimetions and implications” (1997), Whether or not a discourse is political is decided by the context- the event in which the discourse presentation takes place. Hence, the study of a discourse cannot be only dependent on the written text or talk itself but is based on the context for investigating its inside ideological meanings as well.
