VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, MANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STLDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIFS VI THỊ BẢO THOA A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GEORGE BUSII’S SPEECII ON SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS (PHAN TÍCH DIỄN NGON PHE PHAN BAI PHAT BIEU CUA TONG THONG MY GEORGE BUSH VE SU KIEN NGAY 11 THANG 9) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Tanui, 2015 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, DANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES. VI THỊ BẢO THOA. A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GEORGE BUSH’S SPEECH ON SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS (PHẦN TÍCH DIỄN NGON PHẾ PHAN BAL PHAT BIEL CUA TONG THONG MY GEORGE BUSH VẺ SỰ KIEN NGAY 11 THANG 9) M.
MINOR PROGRAMME TIESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Dr. Huynh Anh Tuiin Tanoi, 2015 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP | certify my authority of the study project report submitted entitled A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GEORGE BUSH’S SPEECH ON SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Hanoi 2015 Vi Thi Bao Thoa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T own great debt to all ny teachers, my classmates, my family merubers and my friends in øccomplis wg this graduation Ú T would like to register my gratilude lo my supervisor, Dr. Huynh Anh Tuan, fort crihusiastic instruction (hroughoul the process, his greal suggestions and eoraments from thie tie to every minor detail of my study, and his valuable materials, without which my study could not have been completed. Mỹ most sinecrc thanks would also be sent to many lecturers and my classmates at the Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Languages and Intemational Studies, for their constant concerns, assistance and encouragement, Lastly, I am greatly indebted to my family members who have provided me with continual spiritual support and carc during my completion of the thesis.
TABLE OF CONTENTS: DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHTE. TABLE OF CONTENT: PART A- INTRODUCTIO: 1 Rationale. Significance of the study "„. Scope of the study.
Aims and objectives of the study. Design af the sindy PART B: DEVELOPMENT. MAAN CTIAPTER 1: TIEORETICAL. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW, 1.
Definition of CIA. Three principal approaches to CDA 2.1 The discourse historical approach by Ruth Wodak. The socio-cognitive approach by Van Dijk 3. The Systemic Functional Grammar approach by Norman Fairclough 3.
Fairclough’s framework of CDA - coe IO 4. Overview of previous studies 13 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY - 14 1. Description of the data. 8, Analytical framework, CIAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 1.
Description of vocabulary use. Descriplion of grammatical features 1. The use of voi straightfarwardly, bul tactically hidden behind the choive of words and expressions. Therefore, recognizing and understanding thesc hidden messages requure in-depth analysis and consideration.
CDA, as Fairclough (1996, p.287) claims, is ‘a perspective which is concerned with showing up often opaque connections between language and other aspects of society and culture’, In addition, Van Dijk (1993) suggests examining the style, thetoric or meaning of texts for strategies that aim at the concealment of social power relations and the exercise of power. In arder to obtain certain ideologies that the group with power wants to construct, the circumstances of text construction ch as who, when, where, and how, and a deep analysis of the texts themselves eamot be ignored, as CDA suggests (Van Dijk, 1993) Ti van be infirred from above implications that doing discourse analysis involves not merely analyzing texts, proces x of production and interpretation, but also analyzing the relationship between texts, processes, and their social conditions, or in other terms, the relationship between texts, interactions, and contexts. CDA is ctitical in the sense that it shows connections and causes which are hidden such as the connection between language, power and ideology, the problems of inequality and racism, through discourse analysis. To clarify it clearly, CDA is critical when it explicitly addresses social problems and seeks to solve social problems through the analysis of accompanying social and political actions.
The intention of analysts in this view of ‘critical’ is explicitly oriented toward locating social problems and analyzing how discousse operates to construct and historically constructed by such issues, They must work from the analysis of texts to the social and political context in which the texts emerge. CDA, thus, can be considered a very practical form of discourse analysis. It seeks not only to describe language but also to offer critical resources to those wishing to resist various forms of power. 2, Significance of the study In Vietnam, CDA has received increasing attention within the last decade although, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T own great debt to all ny teachers, my classmates, my family merubers and my friends in øccomplis wg this graduation Ú T would like to register my gratilude lo my supervisor, Dr.
Huynh Anh Tuan, fort crihusiastic instruction (hroughoul the process, his greal suggestions and eoraments from thie tie to every minor detail of my study, and his valuable materials, without which my study could not have been completed. Mỹ most sinecrc thanks would also be sent to many lecturers and my classmates at the Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Languages and Intemational Studies, for their constant concerns, assistance and encouragement, Lastly, I am greatly indebted to my family members who have provided me with continual spiritual support and carc during my completion of the thesis. The use of personal pronouns 1,3. Description of macro-structure.
Large-scale structure. Interpretation of grammatical features cone 6 2. The use of voter. Interpretation of macro-structure 28 33.
Large-scale structure 28 3. Emotion techniques - - ae 30 3. Explanation of vocabulary use - 31 3. Explanation of grammatical features 33 3.
The use of voi 3. The ts 0Ï pcrsunal pronouns. Explanation of macro-structure 3. Large-scale sirucltir.
Emotion techniques PART C: CONCLUSION 1. Summary of the main findings. Limitations and suggestions for further stndtes - cone BD REFERENCES: 40 APPENDIX1: LIST OF QUESTIONS AND SUR QUESTIONS SUGGESTED BY NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH IN DOING CDA. I APPENDIX2: GEORE BUSH'S SPEECH ON THE SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS (ADDRESS TO THE NATION ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001).
mm APPENDIX 3: LIST OF QUESTIONS FOLOWING ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK. VI APPENDIX 4: LIST OF LEXICAL ITEMS FOR. VI AND OUT GROUP. VI APPENDIX 5: LIST OF PRONOUNS OCCURENCES x straightfarwardly, bul tactically hidden behind the choive of words and expressions.
Therefore, recognizing and understanding thesc hidden messages requure in-depth analysis and consideration. CDA, as Fairclough (1996, p.287) claims, is ‘a perspective which is concerned with showing up often opaque connections between language and other aspects of society and culture’, In addition, Van Dijk (1993) suggests examining the style, thetoric or meaning of texts for strategies that aim at the concealment of social power relations and the exercise of power. In arder to obtain certain ideologies that the group with power wants to construct, the circumstances of text construction ch as who, when, where, and how, and a deep analysis of the texts themselves eamot be ignored, as CDA suggests (Van Dijk, 1993) Ti van be infirred from above implications that doing discourse analysis involves not merely analyzing texts, proces x of production and interpretation, but also analyzing the relationship between texts, processes, and their social conditions, or in other terms, the relationship between texts, interactions, and contexts. CDA is ctitical in the sense that it shows connections and causes which are hidden such as the connection between language, power and ideology, the problems of inequality and racism, through discourse analysis.
To clarify it clearly, CDA is critical when it explicitly addresses social problems and seeks to solve social problems through the analysis of accompanying social and political actions. The intention of analysts in this view of ‘critical’ is explicitly oriented toward locating social problems and analyzing how discousse operates to construct and historically constructed by such issues, They must work from the analysis of texts to the social and political context in which the texts emerge. CDA, thus, can be considered a very practical form of discourse analysis. It seeks not only to describe language but also to offer critical resources to those wishing to resist various forms of power.
2, Significance of the study In Vietnam, CDA has received increasing attention within the last decade although, ABSTRACT This study attempts to discover the 1lalionship between power, ideology and discowse embraced in the speech delivered by President GW. Bush on the September 11, 2001, using the CDA framework suggested by Norman Fairclough. The analysis is carried out in three separated phases namely description, interpretation, and explanation. Major aspects selected for analysis include vocabulary, grammar, and macro-structure.
An analytical framework is also built up in order to specify goals and analytical units in each stage. Following this framework, in-group and out-group lexicalization, voice, pronouns, large-scale structure and emotion techmiques are investigated. The findings show that idsology and power are expressed throughoul ths address in a number of ways. Arousing the nation pride aud hereism with tactful choices of vocabulary to construct two contrastive sides, exerting power and affinning utmost leader position with flexible uses of pronouns and voices, asserting ideology with shifts of focuses well- combined with emotion techniques, Bush actually makes the speech his powerful weapon in political battles PART A - INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale Since its naisance, language has been used as an effective tool of communication, serving mankind in communicating to one another and reflecting both physical outside, and mental inside worlds. by this way, is also addressed as a social phenomenon. I refleets the world, and expres the way we apprehend and perccive the world. Therefore, any study of language should be the study of language in use, Only by this way can the exact nature of the intended messages be revealed, This understanding has paved the way for my choice of investigating the selected speech under the perspective of CDA.
As a patt of socicty, language can be regarded as a social, and a socially conditioned process (Fairclough, 1989). According to Waremg (2004), the atfective timotion of language is concemed with who is allowed to say what to whom, and which is ‘deeply tied up with power and social status’ CWareing, 2004, p. In other words, how individuals choose and use different language systems varies uceording to who the sposkers ac, how they perecive themselves and what identity they want to project. Language usc also varics according to whether the situation is public or private, formal or informal, who is being addressed and who might be able to overhear, Likewise, Meyerhotf (2006) points out that we draw very powerful inferences about people from the way they talk, Among various fields, politics appears to be leading the way in employing this advantage of language, with numerous applications in linguistic practice of world most famous leaders throughout the history.
In the hands of tactful politicians, language is sharpened as a powerful weapon in order to best serve political purposes. One example of this is political speeches, The function of these formal m of language is nol barely the detivering of the information, bul also canying embedded ideology and expressions of power which notimally are not displayed. ABSTRACT This study attempts to discover the 1lalionship between power, ideology and discowse embraced in the speech delivered by President GW. Bush on the September 11, 2001, using the CDA framework suggested by Norman Fairclough.
The analysis is carried out in three separated phases namely description, interpretation, and explanation. Major aspects selected for analysis include vocabulary, grammar, and macro-structure. An analytical framework is also built up in order to specify goals and analytical units in each stage. Following this framework, in-group and out-group lexicalization, voice, pronouns, large-scale structure and emotion techmiques are investigated.
The findings show that idsology and power are expressed throughoul ths address in a number of ways.
