MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH ON PRODUCTION OF FREEZE-DRIED KEFIR YOGURT SUPPLEMENTES WITH Cordyceps militaris Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : HUYNH THI BAO TRAN Student ID : 19126190 Academic year : 2019 - 2023 Thu Duc City, 08/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS RESEARCH ON PRODUCTION OF FREEZE-DRIED KEFIR YOGURT SUPPLEMENTES WITH Cordyceps militaris Supervisor Student Ph.D LE THI DIEU TRANG Ph.D CAO THI THANH LOAN Thu Duc City, 08/2023 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Yours sincerely, During my tenure as a student at Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City, I was fortunate to benefit from the dedicated guidance and instruction of our esteemed teachers, particularly within the Faculty of Biological Sciences. It was through their enthusiastic mentorship that I had the opportunity to engage in extensive study, practical experiences, and the acquisition of knowledge and skills essential for the successful completion of this thesis. I want to express my sincere appreciation to the Tracy Kefir Company and the Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Research for providing the facilities, equipment, and materials required to complete the implementation process of my thesis. I want to express my gratitude for Ph.
Le Thi Dieu Trang and Ph. Cao Thi Thanh Loan for providing their extensive expertise and knowledge to me. All the thesis process, their constant encouragement and support as well as the advantageous conditions they provided were extremely valuable. I wanted to express my deep gratitude to B.
Le Huu Minh Sang and B. Vo Tran Quoc Thang for their enthusiastic support and for providing an encouraging environment for me while I finished my graduation thesis. Additionally, I want to express my gratitude to my RIBE 312 colleagues and all of my friends who supported me as I researched and finished my graduation thesis. Last but not least, I want to express my thanks to my family who supported me throughout my time as a student and my research activities at the university.
Despite all of my efforts, my thesis definitely includes a few mistakes because of some knowledge, experience, and time constraints. I really hope you will pardon me. In order to improve my thesis, I would really appreciate your honest input. AFFIRMATION AND COMMITTMENT My name is Huynh Thi Bao Tran, student ID: 19126190, class: DH19SHD (Phone: 0946782344, email: 19126190@st.vn), of Biotechnology, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh city.
This is my graduate thesis which was conducted by myself. All the data and information are completely honest and objective. I take full responsibility in front of the committee for these commitments. Thu Due City, August 25", 2023 Student’s signature Huynh Thi Bao Tran iy ABSTRACT The gastrointestinal system is often referred to as the second brain of the human body.
Enhancing the immune system of the digestive system is crucial for improving health and supporting the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal-related diseases. Therefore, the research aims to produce freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with Cordyceps militaris, with the goal of diversifying fermented foods, providing convenient storage and consumption options, and offering health benefits. To enhance the structure and flavor of the product, additional ingredients such as maltodextrin, skimmed milk powder and gelatin were incorporated. Experiments were conducted to improve the product's structure and flavor by adding sucrose to the formula.
As a result, the best formulation for the freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with C. militaris was determined, consisting of Kefir, 5% C. militaris powder, 15% maltodextrin, and 10% sucrose, while maintaining a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count of 7. This formulation also received the highest sensory scores and positive feedback on its structure, flavor, and moisture content, which remained below 5%.
The study revealed that the addition of C. militaris powder to Kefir yogurt did not cause any significant changes in lactic acid bacteria count. Furthermore, the inclusion of 10% and 15% maltodextrin, along with 10% and 15% skimmed milk powder, helped maintain the viable LAB count. These findings contribute significantly to the development of an optimized and complete formula for freeze-dried Kefir yogurt tablets supplemented with C.
In conclusion, the research successfully achieved its objectives by formulating an innovative freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with Cordyceps militaris. Keywords: Kefir, Cordyceps militaris, maltodextrin, skimmed milk powder, gelatin. ill TÓM TẮT Hệ tiêu hóa thường được xem bộ não thứ 2 của cơ thé con người. Tăng cường hệ miễn dịch của hệ tiêu hóa là điều quan trọng dé nâng cao sức khỏe và hỗ trợ phòng ngừa, điều trị các bệnh liên quan đến đường tiêu hóa.
Vì vậy, đề tài Nghiên cứu sản xuất sữa chua Kefir đông khô bồ sung Đông trùng hạ thao’ được phát triển nhằm đa dang hóa thực phẩm lên men, thuận tiện trong việc bảo quản, tiêu đùng và mang lại lợi ích cho sức khỏe. Đề tăng cường cấu trúc viên sữa chua và lượng LAB của sản phẩm được bảo vệ sau sấy, các loại phụ gia như maltodextrin, sữa bột gay va gelatin đã được bổ sung vào các mẫu, ngoài ra dé cải thiện hương vi san pham 10% duong cting da duoc thém vào các mau thử. Kết quả là đã xác định được công thức tốt nhất cho sữa chua Kefir đông khô bồ sung DTHT, bao gồm Kefir, 5% bột DTHT, 15% maltodextrin và 10% đường, trong đó lượng LAB ở sản phẩm nay được xác định là 7,410? CFU/g. Công thức này cũng nhận được điểm cảm quan cao nhất và phản hồi tích cực về cấu trúc, hương vị và độ 4m vẫn ở mức dưới 5%.
Nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng việc bé sung bột ĐTHT vào sữa chua Kefir không gây ra bat kỳ thay đối đáng ké nào về số lượng LAB. Hơn nữa, việc bổ sung 10% và 15% maltodextrin, cùng với 10% và 15% sữa bột gay, đã giúp duy trì số lượng LAB khả thi và giữ được cấu trúc viên sữa chua sấy. Những phát hiện này đóng góp đáng kể vào việc phát triển một công thức tối ưu và hoàn chỉnh cho viên sữa chua Kefir đông khô có bồ sung ĐTHT. Tóm lại, nghiên cứu đã đạt được thành công các mục tiêu của mình bằng cách tạo ra công thức viên sữa chua Kefir đông khô có bồ sung đông trùng hạ thảo.
Từ khóa: Kefir, đông trùng hạ thao, maltodextrin, sữa bột gay, gelatin. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACK NOW LEDGMEN TS sscccsssssnsnamsaaaensnnmcn cece nem aimee eae en 1 AFFIRMATION AND COMMITTMENT sssssssssssssssseesssssecessssassesssssavenssuneussssansssextasnasses il ABS TRACT ssescesressssreen ses nsseesceussseucessvepesavesuessxenieeenvspeess eases sav aesyerx quasar seaceeneseemtuets 11 TH Ih a ee ee es iv TABLE-OP CONTENTS sccascsssccnuss cuceseme turin Ko.5/803 80 V (Content Sisccacsectstusecstsemseacigiasa omens aromas aS ERE v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSS115. 1X IE STS ET QUEF ASB GES xseinartesesiotsine eter acetate ei a Be SH i ta a ease anan x DIST OF EJCTLIR Error lCEEG30G10E62GG 0M0SEASEEESDCSGEBIIOESNBDGGS.REDEAMGS1S)2GEBAIANSH/00SP29/8/280 XI CHAPTER 1. HH HH HH HH ng ng ng ng, 1 L.EbolDleTmniSEateineTiEbeessesssssaersdedtsonesSugasgiai3a-Sgtiosalagg 01 cdnelorigogizgElrsiszbeiikssrxukgiocsi3uasgioois4u840ie | 12.
ODS CLIVES aucnaunccmncmaneumene ree ee 2 1. 3 Su bu TN ss esse aoe a eS Ue asin 3 PP ion. 3 CỐ Lộ, bạ ly KGE|0 TfitcsgsessectieectescvioitsgrrodiligsgrrgroifuoersrOcgieernobtôuSzEizmse iuigrorliSetdimrrlidicddcoiiZdiorecif2i. KG DI TDEHITIESGSGDOEEDOGGOEOEEOEEIOEIOEELOGOUOGEHEEOOHOOiOEiiiriiliiỶe 3 2.
Nutritional composition of K€ÏTF.-- --- + 2 22 32212311231 221 1511212112111 1 xe rke 5 be DGITGEILS OF. KC emercsreeneseerinmee ree 5 2. Effect of Kefir on lactose 1nfoÏeraïiC€. Probiotic and prebiotic properties.
Anti-carcinogenic properties and inhibition of tumor ørowth.- ---- 7 2h80: MIOHHO,HGBÌTTTE SPO PERUSE sec cencnsnscnnencunssnumsenseannne envenmieanasteaneunanmvenseeoneaanemeanieenennss f 2. Benefits of Kefir for pregnant and nursing WOIN.32 Production Of K Giese ures nueeereemnneueer eee eee 8 25: lacie Beid bacteria CLA B) sauanuinh ng ghitiihgi3HDDGGN1R1R4GG3RGGHSRISNRGBSHIAS.SSSãi2NSGERNGiDS34888 9 A Ale BI) 1 sV10 (0): eee ee 9 25: ClASSUCAUON srvsengissessi0E543153633168390380889000G33BSS-SSNGSSII-SSSSCDESGSSHEISISEHGSSEISSESSSHGĐ2)00819091 10 2-20:3a. ẤP HEđHIDTÏ sssseesseeisssisstbeEioitii9iSE8S8835NGEGERSEEEHERSB2GS-BSGSBISGEGHESHEIEHESGESGESEGESUESSSESỹ88088 10 2.3, OVECVIEW Of (GOrd CCDS SPP aamsccremnn 12 2 Sala COPAVCEDS THLLOIIS. carzscassosaenaws sesiesua suis sinwices seen sivas 3 aicinasla tae Nau NacaRTROES aR 13 2.
Compound overview in Cordyceps †HÏÏTf@†S. sac ss+sxsskxssesserseesrersexee 14 2. The health benefits of Cordyceps militaris .--- -----css++s£+scsereereerxereerrerrs 16 PS Noi c‹‡3+. Inhibition of cell proÏIf€raf1OTI.
Improvement of liver function and treatment of diabetes. Improvement of skin and anfI-aØ1ngE,. Maltodextrin: (MT) seo gen seme GEDGEDQEEMGGGOERGISDBGGEESEESGSEIGMSDIBIDNEEHRGEONUESSGIE0ĐĐ2H030. Definition and structure of maÏtOd€XIT1H.
Application of maltOd€XTIH.- 5 6+3 * SE **E+*E£*EEvE+vEEeEreerkerkerkrskerkrrkree 18 25, Skimmed milk-powder (SNTP]:sccsesss2is6ss6:es6s6gi3460L993301664E034G565854302gE31026288980H3. Definition and structure of skimmed milk powder. -- s55 555 5ss+ss>+ss+s 19 2. Application of skimmed milk pOW€T.
5-5 22225222 *22E*2E£+2E£+EE+vEesrsreeseere 20 26: Gelatin (G) eeescer eerste eres ie eeerere meee: 20 2. Definition and structure of ø©ÏfIT.-- ---- + 5+ +++ +2 + *szEvsrrrrsrerrerrrrrrerrerre 20 V2 192240]6)119 1501609171115 SP ốc ốc ốc 21 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Time and Location na.
23 DS Dele ACHE TOU ssascsgsgilizitElibibtiSSSEDERGRESHEOGEISIHGIIRENGGDESESIEEEENHRRRIEBIGHSEHESSR. Cordyceps militaris POWAY. Ad CIIVES ssnnesseanneeioavasreliT3601860815849001555X0EEĐDEETSSĐDDISENSESĐG0402889907319090039 25 324, Chemicals anidsequi pint be crcecouereremmmenrenmmeer marae 25 Si k2: IÙITHDTĐGTIEsssnnnuenuiet sents ue ae a ve a ee a eo 25 Su: MOthOdS wosscessssascssesevesnsevserseevvsesessysunsssansureunenmaaresrestans women nenemevesseneeeins 25 3. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPL,C).-- ---- 5+ 5-+>+<<++ 25 325224 QŨTEHL/DIBIEE THIEIDG ses ssscsaseuswss accsraauamen đã RÀGGS S009 case canes SERIGUSESERASGLSBDEHESU835-100G1gi00) 26 3.
Biochemical reactions for identifying LAB .ccecccecceeeeeeceseeeeeeeeeeeeseeeees 27 220321: JSØ18H6H1 BAGTGÍA¡¡saiissccng sere 463514884408G0480408: eee ete aaa 28 3. Obse7vaHon Of GOIOTHGS. sec can HH. go HD n0 060050814 gi 28 3.
Identification of morphological characteristics of bacterial colonies. 28 VI SN 91) 1 cái voioydđiIIẶỲẶỲẶẶỊÝ. Calcrum carbonate hydrolysis (CaCO3). -- Sc St St ssirrrrrrrrrrrrke 29 621-5007: IVIGIELHEĐ) Í cs.
Endospore staming sa gzx 00001165065 g GUÊGG D0I402GS144E4G50144RLSDIGHSRSAISBSSEGGGSHISS530058833530 31 3. Freeze-drying method.; Lhe moisture E0HETH[teyiessttsbibi2LE2EEIEDDEOBEGIEGBEEEDIAEAOGOGRESEEHISENERSSRSRESSESRSSHSSĐEB 32 3. Determining the blending ratios of Kefir yogurt with Cordyceps militaris PO WOON Einc61501165621810116038.0004399) smeansaas aia BeARSA BRAG IS TbaN REISER UOTE 33 3. KE Valiation :CTLSIT Al:saiscsssonnsnesansisvrensiitivnas cs vasins iintosies 1n0081g:08g3071001180100000154610.
Identification of optimal additive(s) for the freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with Cordyceps militar is. Experimental esi gy sassssszizxsszz9etsssg6sca221983635BSBSS2ESgBEU:SGSSA0210. Improving the formula of freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with Cordyceps TERT OTIS: inci asus aleaed oii anaes naan tena vad pian an Algo siesta ốc naeRe 35 3. Ewalualiori/©TIEfÍisssseseeesesessisotriingoxriBg95g06 anaes Se eae mE OO 3.
Data processing and caleulat1OT.- ---- ¿2-2 22+ 25322 *221E2EE22EE<EESEEE2E SE cskrre 36 3. The structural qualities of the sampÏ€S. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Evaluation of ingredients quality for making freeze-dried Kefr.
Cordyceps militaris DOWT. Ree EPO TH tsssessescasxEsusg085:0sSEg014/2-EESEJLĐESBBBL800SBiÔBirvobi9H3B ect eer bac amination ea eo nea 38 4. Content 1: Determining the blending ratios of Kefir yogurt with Cordyceps MITILATIS POWEL 0. Experimental desi git.
Evaluation LAB cOUHIL. Content 2: Identification of optimal additive(s) for the freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with Cordyceps militAvis.2, LAB count alter dFV HE sáng no oc hú Gà HA G3 HQ\GEIGAESQSSSISGGEEESSBIXESEBIIGESISHWGRlSSittssissei 45 4. Content 3: Improving the formula of freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with GOPAVCODS THÍ G |, scxccwcrscneacaensnpensessrexeamsusnns vistas wea iis sau cuaeseer5sceUst a Bee TET ESRC TERET ER RELOEES 47 4. Structural characteristics of dried Kefir yOBLI.MGIStUf6 CONTEHE ANALYSIS su s6 nh n 16 s5 1á 4g 1ỀA S65111355863155E88L5SEESSESEEXESSE1A15484695555535856 48 43.
LAB Count after Gry sszigs6 01166 DI0451198883166860355114GS48GISLEEIRIGISEESSXSEESNS4S3EESESE38GGãE 49 4. Sensory evaluation SCOLE 1. Product output quality eVvaÏuatIOT. militaris Quality x cessscndsgiacDLG3ïg La gi Euha GG8243338SGAgis3 8E5g3 J8.
Total yeast and mold mICTOOTBATI1SIHS.- --- + 2322 SE +vErrrerrerrrrrrerrrrree 50 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. COTG LISTON ssesecsscszssnnnn 055.06 3G1BNg2US2SENESS32E88SL38G013Sk-LJNGEEx salgsana an HISS1SH058002139/25380243H803Gsg02/8 52 911917151101ẸT2272ĐẸ27Ẹ72ẺẺẻẻỐẻ ốcCỐ 52 IREBE RENCE S LossuskssassibdusoSELugliogS0eiu4ònniSifdötoiaglisitng8usf.3dotspl44t2Z0dgiL818m 3dluđ08m33đi01gi8crdlQiuiogSRiglirdgi.S” 53 vill LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CFU_ : Colony — Forming Unit CM_ : Cordyceps militaris G : Gelatin HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography K : Kefir LAB. : Lactic Acid Bacteria MD_ : Maltodextrin Ss : Sucrose SMP_ : Skimmed milk powder 1X LIST OF TABLES Table 3.
Food additives used in freeze-dried Kefir production. The blending ratios between fresh Kefir yogurt and C. Mixing ratio of fresh Kefir yogurt and C. militaris powder with additives.