Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY DANG DINH DANH COMPOSTING OF ORGANIC WASTES FROM ALOE VERA GEL PRODUCTION Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, YEAR 2019 i ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City Supervisor’s name:. (Write full name and signature) The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date .- Secretary (Write full name and signature) COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT ii ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I, Dang Dinh Danh, declare that this Graduation Thesis and the work presented in it are my own and have been generated by me as the result of my original research. Composting of organic wastes from Aloe gelee production With pilot model was located at Research area at Kim Cuong street Hamlet 6, Tan Thanh Dong, Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City and small pilot model was located at the laboratory at Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City I confirm that: 1. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly attributed; 2.
Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work; 3. I have documented all methods, data and processes truthfully; 4. I have acknowledged all main sources of help; 5.
None of this work has been published before submission. Ho Chi Minh, June 2019 Signature of Student Signature of Advisor iii ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` ABSTRACT The aloe vera industry in Vietnam is growing constantly.It is known that aloe vera tree has been planted much in all provinces since 2002, concentrated mainly in Ninh Thuan province and Binh Thuan province. Up to now, the total area of aloe vera in the Ninh Thuan province is over 330 ha, with an output of 100,000 tons/ha, along with processing plants everywhere. Therefore, the amount of waste from primary processing accounts for a very large volume so that it is leading to environmental pollution and difficulties in solid waste management.
The problem now is that most aloe vera waste is treated by landfill method, this treatment is poor, causing bad smell, creating a lot of leachate and causing more negative impacts on the living environment citizen. Therefore, the research and treatment of aloe vera waste helps to reduce a large amount of waste to landfill and save land area. Not only that, after treating aloe vera bark by aerobic biological composting method, it also creates fertilizer for plants, especially it can be brought into the production process to form a closed process. By adopting pilot scale composting method, we have successfully produced compost products that are tested on the germplasm.
Results showed that compost has good decay, plants grow fast, achieve high efficiency. The result is that after the treatment of aloe vera by composting method, the compost product can meet the requirements that can be used to a fertilizer. Since then we have a plan to treat the amount of waste for the factory, which contributes a part to the Vietnamese economy. iv ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank the people who supported and helped me immensely in this study: Prof.
Le Hung Anh, my thesis advisor, deepest gratitude for his invaluable assistance and support throughout my involvement in The Institute Of Science For Environme nta l Management, for his reviews, constructive advices and his patience and encouragement and for his valuable insights, guidance and support throughout the experimental part of my thesis. The Institute Of Science For Environmental Management of Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City. I would also like to thank my dear colleagues for their encouragement and helpful advice, Many thanks to the people from the VALIMEXCO company. I visited for their hospitality and kindness in sharing their valuable experience with me.
I must also acknowledge the help of many of the people for their technical and administrative assistance throughout my research. Special thanks to my friends who always believed in me and were always with me no matter where they are. Last but not least, I would like to express my deep appreciation to my father, my mother for their unconditional love, support and faith in me. Dang Dinh Danh, Ho Chi Minh City , June 2019 v ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
1 LIST OF TABLE. 2 LIST OF FIGURE. O VERVIEW OF ALOE V ERA. Aloe Vera Manufacturing Process.
The Role Of Compost. The Composting Process. Factors Affecting Composting Process. Methods Of Composting.
Composting Technologies In Vietnam .MATERIAL AND METHODS. MATERIALS AND MODELS RESEARCH. DETERMINED METHODS OF INDICATORS MEASUREMENT. Composting process control.
Data Collection And Processing Methods. Analytical Method of Composting Quality.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. Changes in smell, color, volume. Changes in smell, color, volume.
62 vi ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` 3. Evaluate nutrition indicators. BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF COMPOST FROM ALOE VERA. Changes in nutrients during composting.
84 vii ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A: Ash ASP: Aerated Static Pile CFU: Colony Form Units DM: Dry Matter E1,E2: Experiment 1, Experiment 2 F1,F2…: Formula 1, Formula 2,…. HCMC: Ho Chi Minh City MO: Microorganisms M: Moisture ODM: Organic Dry Matter QĐ/BNN: “Quyết Định của Bộ Nông Nghiệp” is mean “ Deinistry Of Agriculture And Rural Development Vietnam Decision” TCVN: “Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam “ is mean “Vietnam standard” VOC: Volatile Organic Matter VND: Viet Nam Dong 1 ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1: C / N ratio of waste (calculated by dry matter) .2: Important Indicator during composting .3 : Several methods of composting.3: Indicators of compost .1: Changes in smell, color, volume of experiment 1 .2: Moisture of Composting materials .3: Ash of Composting materials .4: VOC of Composting materials .5: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 1 -E1.6: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 2- E1.7 : Changes in smell, color, volume of experiment 2 .8: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 1 .9: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 2 .10: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 4 .11: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 5 .12: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 6 .13: Comparison of nutrition indicators in compost of Formula 7 .14: Biotest Result of Experiment 1.15: Biotest Result of Experiment 2.16: Microbiological density of after composting process .17: Coliform of after composting process .18: Weight of ingredients being composted .19: Content of compounds in fresh aloe vera bark.20: Content of compounds in aloe vera bark after drying .21: Content of compounds in compost from aloe vera brak. 76 2 ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1.2: Aloe production process diagram .3: Generalized Representation of the Composting Process.4: Organic Matter Decomposition Pathways for Aerobic Respiration.1: Models of composting .2: Schematic diagram of the research process.3: Schematic diagram of the Experiment 1 .4: Schematic diagram of the Experiment 2 .5: Schematic diagram of the Experiment 3 .6: Desiccator cabinet and kiln .1:The composting process of Formula 1- E1 .2: The composting process of Formula 2- E1 .3 : Temperature of Formula 1-E1 .4 : Temperature of Formula 2-E1 before add coconut fiber.5 : Temperature of Formula 2-E1 after add coconut fiber.6: Temperature of Formula 1-E1 .7 : pH of Formula 2- E1 before add coconut fiber .8: pH of Formula 2- E1 after add coconut fiber .9: The change of moisture in experiment 1 .10: The change of ash in experiment 1.11: The change of VOC in experiment 1.12: The compost of Formula 1 (Experiment 2) .13: The compost of Formula 3 (Experiment 2) .14: The compost of Formula 4 (Experiment 2) .15: The compost of Formula 5 (Experiment 2) .16: The compost of Formula 6 (Experiment 2) .17: The compost of Formula 7 (Experiment 2) .18 : Temperatures Chart of Experimental 2 .19: pH Chart of Experimental 2 .20: The change of moisture in experiment 2 .21: The change of ash in experiment 2.22: The change of VOC in experiment 1.23: Result Biotest of Experiment 1 .24: Biotest result for the number of germinated seeds of Experiment 1 .25: Result Biotest of Experiment 2 .26: Biotest result for the number of germinated seeds of Experiment 2. 72 3 ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` INTRODUCTION The Reason For Choosing The Topic Composting is an aerobic method (meaning that it requires the presence of air) of decomposing organic solid wastes.
Therefore, It can be used to recycle organic material. The process involves decomposition of organic material into a humus-like material, known as compost, which is a good fertilizer for plants. Composting is the biological decomposition of the organic compounds of wastes under controlled aerobic conditions. In contrast to uncontrolled natural decomposition of organic compounds, the temperature in waste heaps can increase by selfheating to the ranges of mesophilic (25–40°C) and thermophilic microorganisms (50–70°C).
The end product of composting is a biologically stable humus- like product for use as a soil conditioner, fertilizer, biofilter material, or fuel. The objectives of composting can be stabilization, volume and mass reduction, drying, elimination of phytotoxic substances and undesired seeds and plant parts, and sanitation. Composting is also a method for decontamination of polluted soils. Almost any organic waste can be treated by this method.
The pretreatment of organic waste by composting before landfilling can reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. In any event, composting of wastes is conducted with the objective of high economic effectiveness and has the goal of compost production with the lowest input of work and expenditure. The consequence of this approach is the effort to optimize the biologica l, technical, and organizational factors and elements that influence the composting process. The factors that influence the composting process are well known and have been published in numerous reviews and monographs.
The period since 1970 has been characterized by the development of new strategies, composting processes, and technologies and the optimizatio n of existing processes against the background of an expanding market for compos ting technology. Among others, reasons for these developments are rising costs for sanitary landfills, improved environmental protection requirements, as well as new laws, ordinances, and regulations. The realization that resources are limited and the idea of recycling waste back to soil have also provided important impetuses for developments in this field. 4 ` Graduation thesis Dang Dinh Danh ` Objectives Of The Study Research to treat aloe vera waste into organic sludge (compost).
Turning aloe vera food waste into organic fertilizer for agriculture. This research contributes to creating methods to save money and other resources, reuse waste resources, reduce environmental impact. Object And Scope Of The Study Experiments were conducted at the Kim Cuong in Tan Thanh Dong Commune, Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City. The analysis was performed at room X9.04 of the Institute of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry.
From December 2018 to May 2019. Pilot with model annealed in barrel. Research subjects: Aloe vera bark waste. Aerobic biological composting process.
The Methodology To achieve the target of researching the project, the following major contents will be implemented: Studying the effects of aloe vera bark to the composting process. Studying the effect of additional microorganisms. Evaluation of compost quality through biotest experiment. The Meaning Of The Topic Provide data set for aerobic incubation process for annealing aloe bark with pillot scale under conditions allowed.
A prerequisite for future research.