THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY PHAM THI TRUC THANH PRODUCING PAVEMENT BRICKS AND SUB-BASE MATERIAL IN EMBANKMENTS FROM COAL ASH AND SLAG A case study: VEDAN VIETNAM ENTERPRISE CORP., LTD Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, YEAR 2018 The project was completed at The Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Supervisor’s name:……………………………………………………………… The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City date .- Secretary COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I respectfully honor people who immensely supported and gave me assistance in this study: Prof. Phd Nguyen Van Phuoc and Prof. Angélique Léonard are my advisors, deepest gratitude for his invaluable assistance and support throughout my involvement in The Institute Of Science For Environmental Management, for his reviews, constructive advices and his patience and encouragement. The Institute of Science for Environmental Management of Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City who co-founded my studies at Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City.
I would also like to thank my dear colleagues for their encouragement and helpful advices. Many thanks to the people from Vedan Vietnam Enterprise Corp. Special thanks to my family and friends who always believe in me and be with me no matter where they are. Author Pham Thi Truc Thanh 3 ABSTRACT Environmental pollution resulted from coal based thermal power plants all over the world is cited to be one of the major sources of pollution affecting the general aesthetics of environment in terms of land use, health hazards and air, soil and water in particular and thus leads to environmental dangers.
Coal combustion residues (CCRs) is a collective term referring to the residues produced during the combustion of coal regardless of ultimate utilization or disposal. It includes fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and fluidised bed combustion ash and other solid fine particle. According to Announcement No.279/TB-VPCP on Deputy Prime Minister Hoang Trung Hai's conclusions at the meeting on treating solutions as well as using ashes of thermal power plants. Therefore, the study, processing and utilization of ash in the economic and technical fields should be paid special attention in the coming time.
Using pavement bricks, only sun-dried, not kiln-fired, are an indispensable trend in the world, bringing plenty of benefits compared to traditional bricks, although the production of modern technology, bricks will also consume large amounts of clay as well as burning plenty of fuel. It is estimated that for the production of one trillion bricks, it would cost approximately 1.5 million m3 of clay and 150,000 tons of coal. Use of ash as a construction material will utilize waste to recycle it into useful materials for the construction industry, replacing aggregate sand, cement with ash will reduce a quantum of raw materials used making blocks as well as leveling materials and saving production costs, saving land fund (used for burial of waste) During the operation of a coal-fired boiler with a capacity of 307 tons of steam per hour for 60 MW electricity generation, there were about 40 tons of fly ash per day, 7 tons of coal slag per day and 1.5 tons of sludge / day. In order to deal with this waste, Vedan desire to operate green technology to reuse fly ash and slag (coal 4 combustion residues) which be made for pavement brick for the construction industry, saving land resources, and future potentials to achieve environmental sound management.
The research "Producing pavement bricks and sub-base material in embankments from coal ash and slag" was experimented with the purpose is reducing the volume of fly ash, coal slag and reduce green-house effect and global warming. 5 TABLE OF CONTENS TABLE OF CONTENS. 6 LIST OF TABLE. 8 LIST OF FIGURES.
10 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES .1 Overview of coal ash and slag research .2 Research in the world. 21 CHAPTER 2 THE THEORY OF THE STUDY .1 Materials and methods of research .1 Quality input materials .2 Producing sub-base material in embankments from coal ash and slag.3 Producing pavement bricks from coal ash and slag .5 Method of research. 38 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH RESULTS .1 Evaluation of performance results .1 Producing sub-base material in embankments from coal ash and slag.2 Producing pavement bricks from coal ash and slag. 57 7 LIST OF TABLE Table 0-1 Forecast of adobe brick demand for 2016-2021.
12 Table 0-2 Capacity of adobe brick production in the provinces by 2020. 13 Table 1-1 Demand for building materials baked and unbaked (billion standard bricks). 20 Table 2-1 Table quality analysis of slag/fly ash input. 27 Table 2-2 Results of chemical analysis of coal slag.
29 Table 2-3 Results of measurement of radioactive activity of fly ash and slag. 32 Table 2-4 Mixing rate of ash with lime as leveling materials. 33 Table 2-5 Mixing rate of pavement brick testing. 36 Table 3-1 Results of particle composition after mixing.
39 Table 3-2 Standard of elastic module for leveling materials. 40 Table 3-3 Elastic module of coal slag materials after mixing. 40 Table 3-4 Friction angle in of sample coal slag after mixing. 43 Table 3-5 Volume compression coefficient of the sample coal ash after mixing.
44 Table 3-6 Pre-consolidated stress. 45 Table 3-7 Relationship between Natural weight and mechanical components and ingredients tested. 46 Table 3-8 Resulting brick geometry after 28 days. 49 Table 3-9 The result of the tiles compressive strength after 28 days.
51 Table 3-10 Result of water ability of bricks after 28 days. 53 8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Research products are applied from the project [6, 6]. 18 Figure 1-2 Application of fly ash for pavement brick and breakwater, embankment. 19 Figure 2-1 Fly ash sample.
26 Figure 2-2 Coal slag sample. 26 Figure 2-3 Process technology using waste as leveling materials. 34 Figure 2-4 The process of trial production of pavement bricks. 37 Figure 3-1 Sample VL1 - elastic module with horizontal pressure 25kPa, 50kPa, 75kPa.
42 Figure 3-2 Sample VL2 - elastic module with horizontal pressure 25kPa, 50kPa, 75kPa. 42 Figure 3-3 Sample VL3 - elastic module with horizontal pressure 25kPa, 50kPa, 75kPa. 42 Figure 3-4 Standard Proctor Compaction Test. 43 Figure 3-5 Compaction experiment – sample VL1.
47 Figure 3-6 Compaction experiment – sample VL2. 47 Figure 3-7 Compaction experiment – sample VL3. 47 Figure 3-8 Brick samples tested after 28 days curing. 49 Figure 3-9 This chart shows the compressive strength of pavement brick.
52 Figure 3-10 This chart shows the water absorption of pavement brick. The reason for choosing the topic At present, Vietnam's economy is thriving strongly, along with the increasing number of production establishments, industrial parks. This creates conditions to stimulate the production and business sectors to expand and develop rapidly. However, this also generates a large number of waste including industrial and domestic solid waste, involving fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and fluid bed combustion ash and other solid fine particles.
Typical is ash, slag from thermal power plants, boilers, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, currently with 20 thermal power plants, slag generation of 15.8 million tons per year (2016) and up to 23 million tons / year (2020) equivalent to 63,000 tons / day. Founded in 1991 in Phuoc Thai Commune, Long Thanh District, Dong Nai Province, Vedan Vietnam Joint Stock Company is a 100% foreign invested company with initial investment capital of USD 183 million. After many years of escalating investment, expanding production and business, up to now, Vedan Vietnam JSC has raised the total investment capital of more than $ 500 million. The company produces feed additives and some other products such as organic fertilizers, special chemicals, etc.
Paralleling the large productivity is the amount of solid waste generated from the kiln system. Coal gas for generating electricity for the Company with coal slag of about 7 tons / day, fly ash 40 tons / day and sludge about 1. With the purpose of recovering, treat and minimize impact on environment of coal wastes, pursuant to the Prime Minister's Decision No. 789 / QD-TTG dated May 25, 2011 on Phung To approve the program on investment in solid waste treatment in the 2011-2020 period.
Of which, the 2016-2020 target must gather 90% of common 10 industrial waste, at least 75% of ordinary industrial solid waste must be recycled, not buried. According to Decision No.567/QĐ-TTG dated 28/4/2010 of the Prime Minister approving the Program for development of unbaked building materials and the Directive No. 10 CT-TTG on enhancing utilization of unbaked construction materials and limited production, use of clay bricks has highlighted the key tasks for the local industry to develop: production and use of unbaked building materials to replace clay bricks burning, saving agricultural land, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, reducing waste treatment costs of industries, saving coal fuel, bring about common economic efficiency for the whole society. Fly ash, coal slag can be used to make the input materials of the cement industry and building materials which are pavement bricks (only sun-dried, not kiln-fired).
However, thorough treatment of this source of emissions is almost unsatisfactory, most of the factories have designed the area for burial is mainly, there is no plan to make use of ash resources, so the area buried. The landfill will increase dramatically and the land fund will be lost significantly. In developed countries, pavement bricks account for 60% of the total building materials, clay bricks account for only 10-15%. In the United States, green building programs are on the increase at a significant rate, with more or less one-third of commercial buildings being constructed entirely of environmentally friendly materials such as pavement bricks.
According to statistics from the construction industry: brick consumption in the market in 2000, about 19 billion tablets per year. In 2005, about roughly 21 billion bricks a year, about 22 billion bricks a year in 2008. In 2014, about 30% of bricks were bricks, suggesting that demand for pavement bricks would rise so as to increase to replace traditional bricks. On 16 April 2012, the Prime Minister issued Directive No.
10 / CT-TTG on elevating usage of unbaked building materials and limiting production of baked clay 11 bricks. Specifically, works using state capital such as office buildings, hospitals, schools. are required to apply use unbaked building materials. Accordingly, the Circular No.
09/2012/TT-BXD dated 28/11/2012 of the Ministry of Construction has stipulated usage the use of unbaked building materials in construction works as follows: - For construction works invested with the State budget in urban centers of grade 3 or higher, 100% of the baked construction materials shall be used; - In the remaining areas using at least 50% of unbaked building materials, 100% of unbaked building materials must be processed after 2015; - Buildings of 9 stories or more must apply at least 30% by 2015 and must process at least 50% of lightweight unbaked building materials in total of building materials after 2015; Therefore, demand for pavement brick production in the provinces of the country, the brick factory in the traditional style, Tuynel brick factory in the country has started adjusting to move to the production model the model of production of adobe brick. AsBecause, pavement brick does not pollute environment, high quality, high production capacity, labor cost, low price compared on same product. On 22/8/2014, the Prime Minister approved the overall development of construction materials in Vietnam until 2020 and orientation to 2030 in Decision No.