VIETNAM NATIONAL UNTVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES SHEED PILAM TH LANG: TOE USE OF CONCEPTUAL METAPIIORS TN ADVERTISING SLOGANS OF NOKIA, SAMSUNG, APPLE, BLACKBERRY AND SONY ERICSSON CELL PHONES Vike sit dung da dup niém rong các khu hiệu quảng cáo cho điện thoại dĩ động Nokia, Samsung, Apple, Blackberry va Sony Ericsson) THESIS SUMMARY M. THESIS (Minot Programme) Field: nglish Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Hanøl - 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES mm. PHAM THỊ HÃNG THE USE OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN ADVERTISING SLOGANS OF NOKIA, SAMSUNG, APPLE, BLACKBERRY AND SONY ERICSSON CELL PHONES (Piệc sử dụng Ấn dụ ý niềm trong các khẩu hiệu quảng cáo cho diện thoại di động Nokia, Samsung, Apple, Blackberry va Sony Ericsson) THESIS SUMMARY M.A THESIS (Minor Prograsm) Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Ngo Tuu TToang, PhP, Hanoi - 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ke ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ke CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. Objectives of the study and the research questions. Scope of the study 4. Method of the study.
Design of the study. Previous studics CHAPTER Lb ‘THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ¬ 1. Definition of metaphors. Conceptual melaphors/ Cognitive metaphors 2.
Conceptual metaphors in relation with cognitive linguistics. Classification of conceptual metaphors.1, Definition of an advertising slogan. Qualities of an effective slogan. " CHAPTER II: THE USE OF METAPHORS IN CELL PHONE ADVERTISING SLOGANS.
ke Research question 2: What are subtypes of conceptual metaphors employed in five brands’ cell phone advertising slogans? 3. Scope of the study Due to the time constraint, the thesis only focuses on five cell phone brands’ slogans winch are world famous ones. The selected slogans of five brands are randomly taken from newspapers, TV and the Internet al the researcher's ease. A corpus of 65 chosen slogans is not a big onc, so to some extents, the results provided are just selective, not comprehensive In this study, the analysis is based on the theory and classification of metaphors given by Lakoff and Johnson.
4, Method of the study This research is a mixture of qualitative and statistical research. Firstly, qualitative research is employed in analyzing the canceptual metaphors as well as the subtypes of conceptual metaphors in each slogan. ‘The researcher uses statistical research method in order to give a description of a language phenomenon occurring in advertising slogans of five mobile phone brands in quantitative dala. Tn addition, the exploratory research method is employed with an aim to examining the correlations among three subtypes of conceptual metaphors namely structural, ontological and orientational metaphors.
Design of the study ‘The thesis consists of four chapters) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CIIAPTER I: TIHBORETICAL BACKGROUND, CIIAPTER IIE TE USE OF In order to achieve the aim of getumg customers notived, copywriters have contributed a non-stop effort in creating an attractive, memorable, distinct advertising slogan for cach brand. The methods used in writing advertising slogans range from employing phonological aspect, lexical and morphological aspect, syntactic aspect to semantic aspect. More concretely, in phonological aspect, rhyme, homophone, alliteration are oflen pul into consideration while in exical and morphological aspect, verh phrase, noun phrase, collocation, idiomatic construction, formation af new words and phrases are of greal approval. What’s more, when synlactic aspect can be found in sentence types, sentence structure like ellipsis, somantic aspect is often realized through rhetorical devices such 2s simile, hyperbole, metonymy, polysemy and ielaphors.
The researcher is absolulely engaged in metaphors which have long been a part of my interest. ‘Ihis explains the my reason to choose metaphors in advertising. Metaphors are a part and parcel of everyday life in that they appear in nearly all our everyday concepts without our realization of it. Lakoff and Johnson give the notion of conceptual metaphors which have explained this all in an easy-understanding way.
This attributes to the cause for choosing Lakoff and Johnson's theory as a foundation in analyzing the data obtained in the study 2. Objectives of the study and the research questions ‘The study aims to describe a language phenomenon happening in advertising slogans, specifically conceptual metaphors. To go further, it targets at five cell phone brands to find out the frequency of conceptual metaphors used in their advertising slogans and the subtypes of conceptual metaphors employed based on the theory of Lakoll and Johnson. In other words, the study Ines to seck oul the answers to two.
Research question I: Tow are conceptual metaphors frequently used in five brands’ cell phone advertising slogans? " Similarly, Fazio, Zanna and Cooper have found that direct experience may affect attitude formation by altering the way in which the available information is processed (Fazio ct al. Since metaphors in consumer advertising require the consumers to become more actively involved and experienced on things in terms of another, advertising using metaphors may affect attitude formation towards a product or brid, Al the very least, the active involvement stimulated by metaphors will alter the way in which the information is processed (Tazio et al., 51 However, all the above mentioned research mainly studied the visual metaphors in advertising in particular and non-verbal metaphors in general There have been some researches in Vietnam conceming the matter of adverlising. T (2010) reveals the typical (eckmiques employed i advertising slogans in terms of graphology, phonology, lexicology, syntax and semantics, however, she does not point out the use of metaphors in the advertising slogans. P (2011) gives an insight into metaphors used in English slogans by some banks in the world.
In her research, Trang argues that the approachability of conceptual metaphorical expressions in banking context is very high and the use of ontological metaphors is of great approval, To the researcher’s knowledge, there has been no study about metaphors in cell phone advertising slogans bul in cosmetics, foodstull, banking, ole. Therefore, by conducting this research, 1 hope to contribute into the metaphor world in advertising, another field. Rationale Tn the epoch of information explosion, it is inevitable for any of us to bump into advertising words and images. Advertising is all around us, though we like it or not, we hear it, see it and feel it albeit on purpose or just by some chance.
In order for a brand name lo go global, a goad advertisement of their product is a key matter, no wonder why billions of bugs have been spent on copywriting. knelish, an international language, is used in every single advertisement with an aim of the company going places world wide. The utmost aim of the advertisement is to capture our attention. ‘he whole aim of the copywriters is to get us register their communication either for purposes af immediate action or fo make us more favourably disposed in general terms to the advertised product or service.] so copywriters have to find ways to shout at us from the page.
A question may arise that how advertising can impinge on people’s life so much and il is given a shor answer by Fairclough Advertising has made many people into consumers, ie. has brought about a change in the way people are, in the sense that it has provided the most coherent and persistent madel for consumer needs, values, tasies and behaviour. It has done this by addressing people as if they were commonsensically already fully fledged consumers. The general point is that if people are obliged day-in day-out to accupy the subject position of consumer, there is a good chance that they will become consumers [.
Advertising can show people lifestyles (and patterns of spending) which they might not otherwise meet, but also invite them to “join” (1989: 207) ‘The researcher is captive in advertisements especially those of mobile phones That is the reason why I took a hook to go ahead with mobile phone advertising slogans. Rationale Tn the epoch of information explosion, it is inevitable for any of us to bump into advertising words and images. Advertising is all around us, though we like it or not, we hear it, see it and feel it albeit on purpose or just by some chance. In order for a brand name lo go global, a goad advertisement of their product is a key matter, no wonder why billions of bugs have been spent on copywriting.
knelish, an international language, is used in every single advertisement with an aim of the company going places world wide. The utmost aim of the advertisement is to capture our attention. ‘he whole aim of the copywriters is to get us register their communication either for purposes af immediate action or fo make us more favourably disposed in general terms to the advertised product or service.] so copywriters have to find ways to shout at us from the page. A question may arise that how advertising can impinge on people’s life so much and il is given a shor answer by Fairclough Advertising has made many people into consumers, ie.
has brought about a change in the way people are, in the sense that it has provided the most coherent and persistent madel for consumer needs, values, tasies and behaviour. It has done this by addressing people as if they were commonsensically already fully fledged consumers. The general point is that if people are obliged day-in day-out to accupy the subject position of consumer, there is a good chance that they will become consumers [. Advertising can show people lifestyles (and patterns of spending) which they might not otherwise meet, but also invite them to “join” (1989: 207) ‘The researcher is captive in advertisements especially those of mobile phones That is the reason why I took a hook to go ahead with mobile phone advertising slogans.
Lapsanska provides the analysis of language of advertising from linguistic point of view and specifies linguistic means used in advertising texts. Iler work brings Knowledge about the usc of linguistic devices im print advertising. The result of her research reveals that, among three groups of meaning transference including metaphor, personification and polysemy/homonymy, metaphor is most frequently used in adverlisements with 75/270 ads while the figures for the oller two are 24/270 and. Czerpa has the same opinion when she notes that melaphors in advertisements are powerful and compelling lool because they not only enrich an add but also extend the meaning of toxtual/ visual message, orcating multi- leveled layers of interpretation (Czerpa, 2006:3), Their point is made even stronger by Kovesces’s statement, “an appropriate selected metuphor may work wonders in promoting the sale of an item” (2002:59).
Leiss, Kline, and Jhally have used metaphors to study social communication in advertising. They suggest that metaphors in advertisements have become a powerful and commonly used strategy. “Metaphor is the very heart of the basic communication form used in advertising” (Leiss et al. ‘The study of metaphors in advertising bas been used to gain insight about consumers’ hehavior (Zaltman and Coulter, 1995).
Zaltman'’s Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) is 4 research tool developed to define and describe the metaphors which drive consumers’ behaviour with implications for copy-writing. Metaphors are relevant. to the study of advertising since they are “laden with symbols and imagery that might be used creatively in implementing decisions that will animate or bring appropriate reasoning processes and mental models to life.” (as cited in Lapsanska, 2006) Charles Korceville tries to look at previous literature metaphor in hope of developing a theory of pictorial metaphor in advertising, but notes that most of the literature metaphor is primarily on verbal metaphors (Forceville, 4) Similarly, Fazio, Zanna and Cooper have found that direct experience may affect attitude formation by altering the way in which the available information is processed (Fazio ct al.