VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES *********************** PHẠM THỊ HỒNG A SURVEY STUDY ON VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITY ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS‟ AND TEACHERS‟ ATTITUDES TOWARDS WORLD ENGLISHES (Nghiên cứu khảo sát thái độ của sinh viên và giáo viên đại học chuyên ngữ ở Việt Nam đối với các biến thể Tiếng Anh trên thế giới) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Teaching Methodology Code : 60140111 HANOI - 2017 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES *********************** PHẠM THỊ HỒNG A SURVEY STUDY ON VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITY ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS‟ AND TEACHERS‟ ATTITUDES TOWARDS WORLD ENGLISHES (Nghiên cứu khảo sát thái độ của sinh viên và giáo viên đại học chuyên ngữ ở Việt Nam đối với các biến thể Tiếng Anh trên thế giới) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Teaching Methodology Code : 60140111 Supervisor: Assoc. Lê Văn Canh HANOI - 2017 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I hereby certify that the thesis entitled “A SURVEY STUDY ON VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITY ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS‟ AND TEACHERS‟ ATTITUDES TOWARDS WORLD ENGLISHES” is the result of my research for the Degree of Master of Art, and the thesis has not been submitted for any degree at any other university or tertiary institution.
In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan and reproduction of the paper. Hanoi, July 2017 Phạm Thị Hồng i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is an honor for me to express my gratitude to all who have helped me in the completion of this thesis. First of all, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Prof. Le Van Canh, for his invaluable supervision, great support, persistent guidance, and timely encouragement.
I am truly grateful to his for the inspirable lectures, suggestions and materials for my research. At the same time, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all the teachers in Postgraduate Department of University of Language and International Studies for their precious lectures and suggestions. My heartfelt thanks and blessings also go to all teachers and students at Department of Foreign Languages, Ha Noi Pedagogical University Number 2 and USAcademy English Centre for their valuable information, assistance and cooperation in the completion of this study. Last but not least, I take this opportunity to thank my all family members, friends, especially my mother whose strong support, assistance and encouragement have helped me complete this research.
To them all I dedicate this thesis. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This survey study was aimed to find out the teachers‟ and students‟ attitudes towards World Englishes. The purpose of this exploration is to gain an understanding of teachers‟ and students‟ attitudes towards WEs as well as how teachers‟ attitudes towards varieties of English are reflected in their classroom teaching. Also, the study attempts to identify the gap between teachers' attitudes and their students' attitudes towards World Englishes.
Three instruments of data collection, audio recordings, questionnaires and interviews were used to achieve the purpose of the study. The participants were teachers and students from English - major University in Viet Nam. In this study, in order to address the limitations of the questionnaire in exploring teachers‟ attitudes, focus group interviews will be used to elicit in-depth information about students‟ and teachers‟ attitudes towards different varieties of English and factors that shape their attitudes. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LISTS OF ABBREVIATION CEF Common European Framework of Reference for Languages EFL English as a Foreign Language EIL English as an International Language ELF English as a Lingua Franca ELT English Language Teaching ENL English as a native language ESL English as a second language GA General American HPU2: Ha Noi Pedagogical University Number 2 IBID Ibidem L1 First language N Number ND No date NNS Nonnative speaker NS Native Speaker SLA Second language acquisition TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages ULIS University of Languages and International Studies VOICE Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English WEs World Englishes iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LISTS OF TABLES Table 1.
Students‟ attitudes towards non-native-English speakers‟ accents (N=150). Students‟ opinions of the comprehensibility of various accents. Teachers‟ attitudes towards varieties of English (N=47). Below shows the teachers‟ attitudes towards native-like pronunciation.
Goals of pronunciation teaching to help students become as native-like as possible .45 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LISTS OF FIGURES Figure 1. Three components of attitude .14 Figure 3: The native speaker concept by Mukherjee (2005: 9) .15 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. iii LISTS OF ABBREVIATION. iv LISTS OF TABLES .v LISTS OF FIGURES.
vi PART A: THE INTRODUCTION. The rationale of the study. Aim of study. Significance of the study.
Design of the study.5 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definitions of Terminologies. Definition of World Englishes (WEs). English as an international language (EIL).
English as a Lingua Franca. ELF and the English-speaking Community .2 ELF versus ENL and EFL. Research into ELF. English Language Teaching and ELF.
Persistent Native Speaker Authority. Reforming ELT by ELF .22 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Accent and ELF. What Is Accent?.
Studies of Accent and Attitude (ELF). Studies on students‟ and teachers‟ attitudes towards Wes .27 CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. The context of the study. Instruments for Data Collection.
Data Collection Procedures. Data Analysis Procedure .38 CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The student questionnaire data. The student interview data.
Teachers‟ questionnaire data. Teachers‟ attitudes towards native-like pronunciation. Summary of major findings. Limitations of the Study.
Error! Bookmark not defined. V viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART A: THE INTRODUCTION 1. The rationale of the study The discussion of World Englishes (WEs) in the applied linguistics profession for the most part accepts multiple varieties of English as legitimate and worthy of study even if legitimacy remains the object of inquiry. Consistent with the value applied linguists place on World Englishes, English is taught and learned in many countries because it is an and arguably the international language.
A majority of English language users today have acquired English as an additional language (Graddol, 1997), and they use it as a medium of intranational and international communication, often in tandem with other languages. With the growing understanding of the complexity of English, there has been an increasing interest in considering the pedagogical implications of WEs, defined inclusively to encompass not only the linguistic varieties but also the functional varieties of English. The first decade of the 21st century has witnessed rapid growth in the volume and quality of research on WEs. Though the model has weaknesses, it has substantially raised general awareness of the existence and validity of dynamic varieties of English, each with growing populations of speakers and vibrant media, literatures, and popular cultures (Bolton, 2008).
English as the language of international communication has for long been, and still is, spreading all over the world, and since any transmission of language brings about transformation (Widdowson, 2003), this spread has resulted in the existence of different varieties of English, each as a consequence of English contact with a certain language, culture and people. The interesting point is that the speakers of these new Englishes who use English to communicate with fellow non-native speakers far outnumber its native speakers (Widdowson, 2003). The coinage and promotion of the term World Englishes is mainly associated with Kachru (1982). The underlying philosophy of Kachruvian 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com approach argues for the "importance of inclusivity and pluricentricity in approaches to linguistics of new varieties of English” (Bolton, 2004, p.
In addition, in an attempt to empower new Englishes, this theory calls the labels native speaker and native and standard English into serious question and denies any special status for them. As a result, in order to narrow the gap between theory and practice, attempts have been made to explore teachers‟ and students‟ attitudes to WEs. The survey study reported in this paper is aimed to explore the attitudes of teachers and students about WEs in the context of English – major University in Viet Nam. In order to achieve this aim, I used questionnaire and interviewed a number of teachers and students at a English – major University in Viet Nam where English is taught as a compulsory subject about WEs.
The purpose of this exploration is to gain an understanding of teachers‟ and students‟ attitudes towards WEs as well as how teachers‟ attitudes towards varieties of English are reflected in their classroom teaching. I believe that such as an understanding would be useful to curriculum designers, administrators and teacher educators to find more effective ways to make WEs really in the classroom by helping teachers and students to change their attitudes if this is necessary. Aim of study The study sets out to investigate students‟ and teachers‟ attitudes towards varieties of English. Objectives The purposes of the study are: (a) to find out Vietnamese students‟ preferences to different English varieties.
(b) to identify the gap, if any, between teachers‟ and students‟ attitudes towards varieties of English. Research Questions The study is aimed at finding out the students‟ and teachers‟ attitudes towards World Englishes. Therefore, it was designed and conducted to answer the following overarching research questions: What varieties of English do teachers and students prefer? 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com In seeking the answer to the above general research question, the following sub-questions were formulated and answered with data gathered from the questionnaire and the interview. What are the students‟ attitudes towards varieties of English? b.
What shapes students‟ attitudes? c. What are the students‟ preferences for non - native – English speaking teachers? d. What are teachers‟ attitudes towards varieties of English? 5. Scope The study limits itself to the investigation of teachers‟ and attitudes towards World Englishes in the context of English – major University in Viet Nam.
Particularly, the study was aimed at exploring what English varieties do students and teachers prefer as well as the students‟ attitudes towards native-English-speaking teachers and non-native-English-speaking teachers, and what shapes their attitudes. Research Methodology In order to achieve the above aim and objectives, a mixed method will be employed to collect the data for the study and two main data collection methods employed were questionnaires, focus group interviews. Specifically, a questionnaire will be administered to both teachers and students at English – major University first. As Canh and Barnard (2009a) argue that “at best, eliciting teachers‟ attitudes through a questionnaire is barely scratching the surface of much deeper cognitive processes, but one which – it may be argued – is a necessary first step towards a more fully exploring cognitive processing (p.
In this study, in order to address the limitations of the questionnaire in exploring teachers‟ attitudes, focus group interviews will be used to elicit in-depth information about students‟ and teachers‟ attitudes towards different varieties of English and factors that shape their attitudes. Significance of the study It is hoped that this study will be of some use in understanding teachers‟ and students‟ attitudes towards World Englishes through a English – major University in Viet Nam. The findings of the study will also contribute to my understanding of how. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.