VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES ---------------------------------------------------- VU THI NHU QUYNH EDUCATION IN DONG ANH DISTRICT - TRADITION AND MODERNITY Master thesis of Vietnamese Studies Code : 60 31 60 Thesis supervisor: ASSOC.PROF TRAN NGOC VUONG HANOI – 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com GUARANTEE I undersigned Vu Thi Nhu Quynh would like to guarantee that this thesis is my individual research under the scientific guidance and supervision of Associated Professor Dr. Tran Ngoc Vuong. I would like also to guarantee that all data and result in my research are honest and not identical with any research before. The information in my research was cited clearly with due source.
Graduate Student Vu Thi Nhu Quynh TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to Associate Professor. Tran Ngoc Vuong for his supervision, helping and guiding during my research. I would like to express my thanks to Institute of Vietnamese studies and Development Sciences, we had good time, discussing, exchanging helpful knowledge. I’m also very grateful to teachers, parents, students and other people in Dong Anh district for their helping and facilitate.
Finally, I would like to send a big thank to my family and friends for their support and encouragement. Hanoi, November, 2012 Graduate Student Vu Thi Nhu Quynh TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. Brief of related previous researches. Objectives and tasks.
Objects of the research. Scope of the research. The findings of the thesis. Structure of the thesis.
14 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF DONG ANH DISTRICT AND ITS EDUCATION. Overview of Dong Anh district. Geography and history in Dong Anh. Economy in Dong Anh.
Cultures in Dong Anh. Draft about education roadmap in Dong Anh Ha Noi. 26 Chapter 2: THE TRADITIONAL EDUCATION IN DONG ANH. Overview of traditional education in Dong Anh.
Schooling systems and management. Learning content and examination. Achievements of traditional education. Many people in Dong Anh passed the national examinations.
Many families, villages of court system of competition – examinations in Dong Anh. 42 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Graduates who had many contributions to the society. Traditional education affects much on the life.
Traditional respect for teacher and study. Ancestor worship tradition. Marks in the cultural works. 54 Chapter 3: THE MODERN EDUCATION IN DONG ANH.
Some changes in modern education in Dong Anh. Schooling system and management. Learning content and examination. Achievements in the modern education.
Vocational training schools. Some existing issues. Career orientation depends on university examination results. Violence at school.
New context for education. Recommendations for education in Dong Anh. 98 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com GLOSSARY No Words Meaning 1 Bang nhan Second highest academic title in Dinh examination in Confucianism education. 2 Cu nhan The title for persons who pass the fourth test in Huong examination from 1828.
3 Dinh The Confucian competition was organized in the yard examination of King’s palace. Only person who passed Hoi examination was attend at Dinh examination. 4 Hoang giap The title for persons who got high result in the Dinh examination, after Trang nguyen, Bang nhan, Tham hoa. 5 Hoi The Confucian competition was organized in the Thang examination Long capital.
Only persons who passed the last test in Huong examination was attended at Hoi examination. It included four tests like Huong examination. 6 Huong cong The title for persons who passed the fourth test in Huong examination before 1828. 7 Huong The Confucian competition was organized in examination provinces.
It included four tests. 8 Pho bang The title for persons who did not passed the fourth test in Hoi examination and Dinh examination but getting high places in three former tests. 9 Tham hoa Third highest academic title in Dinh examination in 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Confucianism education. 10 Tien si The title for persons who passed the Hoi examination and Dinh examination.
11 Trang nguyen First highest academic title in Dinh examination in Confucianism education. 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: List of administrative units of Bac Ninh Province – Dong Anh foundation in the year 1867 .1: List of number of PhD as per commune name in Dong Anh .2: List of village with system of competition examination in Dong Anh .3: List of parallel sentence, horizontal lacquered board in Co Loa relic.1: Teaching plan in primary school level .2: Teaching plan at secondary school level .3: Teaching plan for vocational level .4: Comprehensive education quality of pupils .5: Comprehensive education quality of pupils of secondary school .6: Graduate results of secondary schools. 74 5 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF CHARTS Chart 2.1: Diagram about rate of districts in Thang Long Ha Noi with above 35 PhD .2: Diagram of generations in Nguyen Thuc family passing the examination .1: Sum of kindergarten pupils and teacher in Kindergarten in Dong Anh in the year 2009 - 2011.2: Diagram of Grade 1 pupils from 2008 to 2011 .3: Diagram of kindergarten children following age in Đong Anh district in 2011. 71 5 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.
Rationale Education is one of the most meaningful activities for the development of each country. The old people say, “For the benefits for 10 years, it is required to educate people”. Such short saying reminds the future generation about the importance of education for the decadence and prosperity of each country. A PhD in Le Dynasty said that “Talented and righteous are the life- sustaining element of the nation.
The country is strong and wealthy only when the life-sustaining element is prosperous. On the contrary, the country is weak and humble when the life-sustaining element is decadent. Therefore, the kings always consider the education of talent, selection of scholar and education and nourishment of nation’s life-sustaining element necessary”. The old people appreciate the education in such way.
Nowadays, in the context of global integration, the education is increasingly pressing. In addition to the achievements that are prided, the current education in our country remains many disadvantages such as overloaded program, examination pressure, lots of extra lessons, school violence, negative teaching and education methodologies, etc. Before such challenges, it is required to research from the generation of traditional times to the current moment to see the process. It also needs the comparison to see the changes.
Therefore, it can be seen some issues in the current time. This is the key to find out the solution for the new education and the basis for the current education review. Education is not only meaningful for the development but also influential to the nation culture and leaves a remark on the cultural elements. Dong Anh district located in the north and separated from Ha Noi by Hong River is rich in culture of traditional works, relics, traditional arts and unique foods.
Saying about Dong Anh means mention about the land, which was 6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com twice capital location from An Duong Vuong dynasty to Ngo Quyen. Dong Anh is also the place closely linked with Thang Long Ha Noi in all historical phases from the days against Northern invader to two wars against French and American and current modernization phase. With such features, the research about Dong Anh, especially the inter-industry researches about education contributes to the traditional culture treasures of Thang Long land that is very rich in the historical thousands of years, at the same time, gives us an additional feature to recognize Dong Anh in the district system in Thang Long, Ha Noi. Viet Nam Studies enable the favorable conditions for the researcher to get access to the inter-industry issues at a specific location that is suitable for clarification of education in Dong Anh.
Therefore, the writer selects the topic: “Education in Dong Anh district – Tradition and modernity”. Brief of related previous researches The education under the feudal phase has become the hot topic for many researches. In the scope of study, some first works that should be mentioned are the book Quoc trieu huong khoa luc written by Mr. Cao Xuan Duc – a high ranking mandarin under Nguyen Dynasty and Lich trieu hien chuong loai chi written by Mr.
Phan Huy Chu – other mandarin who recorded the full name and home town of contestants passing the Dinh examination under Nguyen Dynasty from the year of 1822 to the year of 1919; rules and regulations examination under Nguyen Dynasty. Other later works study about the feudal education, mainly about propagation of Confucianism into Viet Nam, appearance and development of man of languages, influences of Confucianism opinions for Vietnamese culture and spirit or research about life of famous person coming from Confucianism and his contributions to the nation development. Another issue that many 7 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com researchers pursue is Han – Nom documents on the family annals and steles to see the development phase of Confucianism. The works are such as List of Viet Nam system - competition examination (1075-1919) of Mr.
Ngo Duc Tho, Education – systems of former competition examination and mandarin in Viet Nam in the feudal phase, French phase of Mr. Nguyen Cong Ly, Education and Confucianism system – former competition examination under Le Dynasty via Han Nom Documents of Mr. Dinh Khac Thuan. With the role as the Confucianism centre under the feudal phase, Thang Long – Ha Noi becomes the land that attracts the most attention of researcher.
The number of works about Confucianism education in Thang Long Ha Noi is increasingly diverse, especially after the project “Book store welcoming to anniversary of thousands years Thang Long Ha Noi”, mass of new published works Education in Thang Long Ha Noi: Process, historical experiences and development orientation – the chief editor Mr. Nguyen Hai Ke. Thang Long Ha Noi parallel sentences and traditional Sino-Vietnamese dissertation Thang Long Ha Noi of Mr. Nguyen Van Thinh, epitaph PhD at Temple of Literature of Mr.
Ngo Duc Tho. The book Thang Long Ha Noi Education: Process, Historical experience and development orientation expresses the education of Thang Long Ha Noi from the establishment to actual development. From that, it can be withdrawal of the experience lessons, success and limits; on such basis, the proposal, orientations, opinions and solutions are proposed in order to develop the education as the importation driving force in comprehensive development of capital in the new phase. The book Thang Long Education and Confucianism system of former competition – examinations published in 2010, and previously Thang Long villages of system of competition – examination published in 1994 of Bui Xuan Dinh mentions the concepts related to the Confucianism, development 8 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com phases of Confucianism and achievements and features of Thang Long Confucianism – considered as the central Confucianism of whole country.
Two such books also presents the accurate number of examiner passing as per the king dynasty, profile and merits of such passing examiners, statistical list of such persons classified as per the hometown and dynasty. Located as a suburb of Thang Long, the achievements about Confucianism education in Dong Anh is listed systematically on such criteria. It can be seen above that there are many studies about Confucianism in Thang Long via Confucian issues in Dong Anh; however, there is no specialized study about education activities in Dong Anh. There is no work about tokens of educational activities under the view of comparison of past and present.
Almost works describe education in Dong Anh under the manner of studying the educational achievements in village and communes’ scope or historical phase.