Luận văn thạc sĩ về lo âu khi nói tiếng Anh tại trường THPT Nguyễn Quân Nhỏ: Nguyên nhân và giải ...

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích lo âu của học sinh trong giờ nói tại trường THPT Nguyễn Quân Nhỏ, đề xuất nguyên nhân và giải pháp hiệu quả.

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Trường THPT Nguyễn Quan Nhỏ

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Tiếng Anh

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Ẩn danh

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Luận văn
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Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ABSTRACT

LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS

LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PART A: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Aims of the study

1.2. Scope of the study

1.3. Significance of the study

1.4. Method of the study

1.5. Design of the study

2. PART B: DEVELOPMENT

2. CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. Overview of anxiety

1.1.1. Definition and types of anxiety

1.1.2. Foreign language anxiety

1.2. Overview of speaking

1.2.1. Definition of speaking

1.2.2. The role of speaking in language teaching and learning

1.2.3. Principles of teaching speaking

1.3. Related studies of language anxiety in speaking skills

1.4. Sources of foreign language anxiety and speaking anxiety

3. CHAPTER 2: THE STUDY

2.1. Overview of current teaching and learning speaking at Nguyen Quan Nho high school

2.2. Data gathering instruments

2.3. Techniques of data analysis

2.4. Data analysis and findings

2.4.1. Student’s attitudes toward speaking skills

2.4.2. Student’s general speaking anxiety

2.4.3. Sources of speaking anxiety experienced by students at Nguyen Quan Nho high school

2.4.3.1. Speaking anxiety associated with the contents of the lessons
2.4.3.2. Speaking anxiety associated with communication apprehension
2.4.3.2.1. Communication apprehension associated with learner’s factors
2.4.3.2.1.1. Previous learning experience
2.4.3.2.1.2. Learners’ learning environment
2.4.3.2.1.3. Learners’ self-perception of their own speaking ability
2.4.3.2.2. Communication apprehension associated with teachers’ factors
2.4.3.3. Speaking anxiety associated with test
2.4.3.4. Speaking anxiety associated with fear of negative feedback
2.4.3.4.1. Speaking anxiety associated with teacher’s negative feedback
2.4.3.4.2. Learners’ speaking anxiety associated with peer’s negative feedback

4. CHAPTER III: SUGGESTIONS FOR CLASSROOM PRACTICE

3.1. Solutions related to the contents of the lessons

3.2. Solutions related to learners’ communication apprehension

3.3. Solutions related to test anxiety

3.4. Solutions related to learners’ fear of negative feedback

3.5. Summary of the findings

3.6. Limitations of the study

3.7. Suggestions for further study

5. PART C: CONCLUSION

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

iii ABSTRACT The present study is concerned with sources of speaking anxiety on the basis of learners’ responses presented in the survey questionnaire and in the informal interview. The quantitative questionnaire first examined the existence of speaking anxiety and factors causing students’ anxiety when speaking English. The qualitative interview further looked at sources of students speaking anxiety. A total of 135 tenth form students at Nguyen Quan Nho high school, Thanh Hoa province participated in the survey. The results showed that the tendency of students’ nervousness was obvious. Based on students’ explanations, factors viewed as causing anxiety was divided into four categories: the content of the lessons, communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative feedback. From the students’ suggestions in the interview, the researcher proposed some strategies for students and teachers to ameliorate negative effects of speaking anxiety. It is also hoped that this research will be of some help to Vietnamese learners and teachers in general in having a better understanding of the nature of FLA and speaking anxiety in particular to improve the teaching and learning of English. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS ELT: English Language Teaching FL: Foreign language FLA: Foreign Language Anxiety LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS Chart 1: Student’s anxiety in speaking lessons Table 1: Student’s attitudes toward speaking skills Table 2: Speaking anxiety associated with content of the lessons Table 3: Speaking anxiety associated with communication apprehension Table 4: Communication apprehension associated with students’ previous learning experience Table 5: Communication apprehension associated with learners’ speaking environment Table 6: Communication apprehension associated with learners’ personality Table 7: Factors associated with learners’ self perception of their inability to speak English Table 8: Learners’ communication apprehension associated with teachers’ factor Table 9: Speaking anxiety associated with test Table 10: Learners’ speaking anxiety associated with teacher’s negative feedback Table 11: Learners’ speaking anxiety associated with peers’ negative feedback LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION . iv LIST OF TABLE AND CHART . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi PART A : INTRODUCTION 1. Aims of the study . Scope of the study . Significance of the study. Method of the study . Design of the study . 3 PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Overview of anxiety .1 Definition and types of anxiety .2 Foreign language anxiety . Overview of speaking . Definition of speaking .The role of speaking in language teaching and learning . Principles of teaching speaking . 9 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Related studies of language anxiety in speaking skills . Sources of foreign language anxiety and speaking anxiety . 12 CHAPTER 2 : THE STUDY 2.1 Overview of current teaching and learning speaking at Nguyen Quan Nho high school .2 Data gathering instruments . Techniques of data analysis . Data analysis and findings . Student’s attitudes toward speaking skills . Student’s general speaking anxiety . Sources of speaking anxiety experienced by students at Nguyen Quan Nho high school. Speaking anxiety associated with the contents of the lessons . Speaking anxiety associated with communication apprehension . Communication apprehension associated with learner’s factors . 22 Previous learning experience . 22 Learners’ learning environment . 24 Learners’ self-perception of their own speaking ability . Communication apprehension associated with teachers’ factors . Speaking anxiety associated with test . Speaking anxiety associated with fear of negative feedback . Speaking anxiety associated with teacher’s negative feedback . Learners’ speaking anxiety associated with peer’s negative feedback . 30 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com viii CHAPTER III: SUGGESTIONS FOR CLASSROOM PRACTICE 3. Solutions related to the contents of the lessons . Solutions related to learners’ communication apprehension . Solutions related to test anxiety . Solutions related to learners’ fear of negative feedback . Summary of the findings. Limitations of the study . Suggestions for further study . IV LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1 PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Nowadays, English is considered as an international language, which is spoken by millions of people all over the world. The number of people who desire to learn English has multiplied. Some learn English to get more wisdom, some wish to get well-paid jobs, some learn English for other purposes. That is why English has been now widely taught in almost all educational institutions, at every level. In Vietnam, English is being taught as a compulsory subject and it is one of the six subjects in the national examination that students have to pass if they want to get General Certificate of Secondary Education (G. In recent years, the teaching of foreign language in Vietnam has seen a remarkable change in methodology, followed by a new approach to language teaching. That is Communicative Language Teaching. This approach represents a fundamental shift in the teaching-learning process from structure mastery to communicative competence. Accordingly, learners’ ability to communicate becomes its first priority, which means that when learning English, learners have to grasp all the four skills: speaking, reading, writing, and listening because those skills are integrated with one another. Speaking well is of great importance to students when communicating with others in a second language, not only in teaching and learning environments, but also outside the classroom. The students should be able to speak in a well structured way and develop their ability to take part in conversations, discussions and negotiations and to express with subtlety their own views and consider those of others. Speaking does not only reflect the speaker’s social and cultural background, but is also a part of speaker’s identity. However, among the four skills, speaking seems to be the most difficult one but paid the least attention to in most high schools. Speaking has only become a compulsory skill in the curriculum since the new English textbook was officially put into use in 2006. This results in numerous problems inflicting students in learning the speaking skills, one of which is Foreign Language Learning Anxiety. Besides, having considerable levels of anxiety in the classroom has been regarded as an experience that is more likely to occur in foreign language lessons than in other subjects. This seems natural as in foreign language LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 classroom the students have to use foreign language - an instrument they are not familiar with - to sustain communication. As a teacher of English, I have noticed that my students often experience foreign language anxiety in speaking skills. Some students experience pressure when being asked to speak in front of the whole class because they fear criticism. Some may feel nervous since they lack of vocabulary to express their ideas; consequently, they may tremble and stutter, etc. Such situation has inspired me to carry out a study on learners’ anxiety in speaking skills to identify the causes and give solutions to alleviate students’ anxiety in learning speaking. Aims of the study The major purpose of the research is to find out factors or causes that make students stressful and nervous in speaking English and suggest some solutions to alleviate English speaking anxiety in the students. Research questions To fulfill the above aims, the study is carried out with an attempt to answer the following questions: 1. What are the possible causes that make students at Nguyen Quan Nho upper secondary school anxious and nervous in learning speaking? 2. What are the possible solutions to reduce speaking anxiety of the students? 4. Scope of the study FLA exits in the process of learning all the four skills. However, only students’ speaking anxiety is focused on in this research with its causes in terms of contents of the lessons, communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative feedback and solutions based on each source of anxiety. Due to the local condition constraints, this study only involves one hundred and thirty-five 10th form students at Nguyen Quan Nho High School. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Significance of the study This study could be of some help to teachers and students at Nguyen Quan Nho upper secondary school: (i) to improve the teachers’ theoretical understanding of foreign language anxiety, especially the causes of speaking anxiety. (ii) to enhance the students’ awareness of causes of speaking anxiety they have in foreign language, and from this they can control and overcome their nervousness in speaking skills. Hopefully, the possible solutions suggested in this research can help learner reduce the speaking anxiety and motivate them to learn and make progress in speaking. Method of the study In order to realize the above aims of the study, quantitative method was mainly used. The data collected for the study came from the 10th grade students. Survey questionnaire was used to gather information and evidence for the study. In addition, to make the data collected more reliable and authentic, qualitative method was applied with two instruments: a follow up interview and an informal observation. All the comments, remarks, recommendations and conclusion provided in the study were based on the data analysis of the study. Design of the study This study is divided into three parts: Part A – Introduction presents the rationale, the aims, the research questions, scope, significance, methods as well as the design of the study. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 4 Part B – Development contains three chapters. Chapter one reviews the literature in terms of speaking, foreign language anxiety in general and speaking anxiety in particular. Chapter two presents the study. Chapter three mentions some suggested solutions to reduce speaking anxiety. Part C – Conclusion presents a summary of the study and concluding comments derived from the findings of the study. It also discusses the limitation of the study and suggestion for further research. PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 5 The main aim of this chapter is to review the literature on second language anxiety in general and speaking anxiety in particular. The chapter starts with a literature review on anxiety. This is followed by an overview of speaking. The end of the chapter is a discussion of speaking anxiety. Overview of anxiety 1. Definition and types of anxiety In the nineteenth century, Darwin (1872) thought of anxiety as an emotional reaction that is aroused when an organism feels physically under threat. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Freud (1920) thought anxiety was akin to “fear” or fright”. In later decades: “Anxiety is a psychological construct, commonly described by psychologists as a state of apprehension, a vague fear that is only indirectly associated with an object” (Hilgard, Atkinson, & Atkinson, 1971 cited in Scovel, 1991: 18). In another definition, Scovel (1978: 134) suggests that anxiety is associated with feelings of uneasiness, frustration, self-doubt, apprehension, or worry. Horwitz, et al. (1986), define anxiety as “the subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the autonomic nervous system” According to MacIntyre and Gadner (1991b), anxiety in general can be experienced at three perspectives: trait anxiety, state anxiety, and situation specific anxiety. The first considers anxiety as a general possibility trait that is relevant across several situation. The second perspective is interested in the here- and-now experience of anxiety as an emotional state. The third approach examines the specific forms of anxiety that occur consistently over time within a given situation. Foreign language anxiety LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 6 Research on the affective factors in second language acquisition has been mounting steadily for a number of decades because students are “physical and cognitive, but primarily emotional, being” (Rogers, cited in Brown, 2007: 97). “Among the affective factors influencing language learning, anxiety ranks high” (Arnold, 1999: 59). The construct of anxiety has been recognized as one of the most important predictors of foreign language performance.

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