THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY M. FATHURRAHMAN MULYAWAN ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND THE WEALTH OF PEOPLE FROM SOCIOECOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-Time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Batch : 2015-2019 Thai Nguyen, September 2019 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name M. Fathurrahman Mulyawan Student ID DTN1554290048 Ecological footprint and the wealth of people from Thesis Title socioecological point of view Dr. Ho Ngoc Son, Supervisor (s) Dr.
Rhina Uchyani Fajarningsih, M. Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: The environmental issue has become a trending topic but people are not aware yet of those issues which happening nowadays. The over-population issue which led to the deficit of natural resources is getting hard to control and also create another environmental issue such as air pollution, water pollution, etc. by using the Ecological Footprint analysis people can know how much natural resources they consume to sustain their daily lives.
Furthermore, this study aim is to determine the ecological footprint of people in Solo, Indonesia. Through surveying and spreading the questionnaire, this study has succeeded in finding the tendency between the status of occupation and determine which categorize is more eco-friendly. This study also hypothesized if the educational level affects the use of natural resources moreover, this explained educational level does affect the use of natural resources. Ecological Footprint, Ecological Footprint Analysis, Keywords Sustainability, Biocapacity, Education, Culture.
Number of Pages 56 Date of Submission 23/09/2019 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT From the deepest feeling in my heart, I would like to say Thank you to Allah S.T who has given his grace so that I could finish this thesis well. My Mother and My Father for their support and pray so that I can finish this as soon as possible, I love them so much. To my supervisor Ibu Ernoiz who did her best to teach me and I can’t stop thanking her because I didn’t find myself stress over this thesis, she is the best supervisor in my life and she really teach me step by step and helping me with her sincere heart that I will always remember for the rest of my life, to sir Ho Ngoc Son with his kindest heart I’m being thankful as well to him because he made everything is become easier as well, without his role my thesis could not be as good as this and for my dearest bu Rhina with all her advice, I thank her so much for the advices you gave me, Pak Ari Nafril who let me use his questionnaire and ate Keraia for her thesis guide. Thank you so much.
For kak Amana who always controlled me if I really do my thesis well, thanks for being here through my drama life. Mbak Nanie the very sensitive assistant ever, the most cheerful person in my life who helped me a lot through this hard times, Mbak Melissa, the goddess assistant girl with the very beautiful smile and her kindest, I thank you both for helping me during my research study. My aunt Nia who helped me in translated something that I can’t even understand. Ara and Paan thank you for you guys as well.
Nisa, thank you for being helpful one, Alfid another helpful person that I can’t forget for the rest of my life, and Wafa who helped me spread the questionnaire. Thank you so much for accompanying iii me by taking me somewhere to eat to go and I will absolutely remember you guys forever. Sesil and kak Ayu my video call friends that always be my place when I lost my mood, Icha and the gengs who motivated me not to give up during my research study, thank you for those people who never been here during my hard times cause you guys teach me a lot that sometimes the one that you are hoping will always stay right next to you during your hard times is the one who just be a small part in your life that you don’t even need to remember and Finally, I thank me for being able to endure every obstacle during this research study through the procrastination and bad mood. I appreciate myself for did it very well.
Fathurrahman Mulyawan iv TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES. 3 LIST OF TABLES. Research Questions and Hypotheses……………………………………. Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………….
Significance of Study……………………………………………………. Ecological Footprint Analysis……………………………………………. Global Ecological Footprint Problems…………………………………. Importance of Educational Level for Humanity……………………….
Cultural Influence on Ecological Footprint……………………………. Ecological Footprint Data Analysis. Factor Analysis that Affects Ecological Footprint Score in Solo. Ecological Footprint Test Scoring……………………………………….
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. 47 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Components of Ecological Footprint. Top 10 countries with the lowest and the largest Ecological Footprint per capita in the world, 2011.
Ecological Footprint based on footprint type from 1961 to 2014. Top 10 countries with the largest Ecological Footprint, 2018. Per person Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity of world regions, 2002. Top 10 countries with the largest Ecological Footprin per person, 2018.
Indonesia’s per person Ecological Footprint graph. Graph of Indonesia’s per capita Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint. World Ecological Footprint consumption. Map of Ecological Biocapacity and Reserves…………………………….
Ecological Footprint comparison based on sex of occupation……………. Ecological Footprint comparison based on education of Occupation……. Ecological Footprint comparison based on status of occupation………………………………………………………………………. Correspondence analysis based on sex of occupation…………………….
Correspondence analysis based on education of occupation……………. Correspondence analysis based on status of occupation………………….41 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity in Indonesia. Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity of the Province Central Java.
Descriptive Statistics Data Table. Ecological Footprint Score based on Sex of Occupation. Ecological Footprint Score based on Education of Occupation. Ecological Footprint Score based on Status of Occupation.
Analysis of Factors that Affecting Ecological Footprint Score. Research Rationale Environmental issues suddenly became a world trending nowadays. The population keeps increasing as time goes by and making another environmental issue which hard solved. The natural resources that the worlds have now are starting unbalance because the number of population is hard to control.
The natural resources that provide goods for the people are now decreasing dramatically and threatening people to environmental scarcity. The fact shows the higher number of population resulting the higher demand of natural resources to sustain their lives but since the ability of nature to regenerate or resupply our needs is taking some time or even years to be generated so it is hard to meet the massive demands of a country with such a big number of population. Economic premises and principles play an important role in shaping environmental policy. Economist says “the sustainable of development should meet the requirement of the present without risking the capability of future generations to meet their own needs, by balancing the demand of the natural resources in order to protect the ecosystem, the ecosystem itself will provide the goods and the services which going to affects the economic growth of a country”.
However, many people are not yet aware of this over-consumption problem. So, how can we determine how much is the natural resources we are consuming and is that enough to sustain our needs? The powerful tool to access human carrying capacity is finally developed by Rees and Wackernagel (Columbia, 1992). They inverted the standard carrying 5 capacity ratio and extended the concept of this ecological footprint so this tool could be used to measure how much “nature” is available for certain populations and how much natural resources consumed by the population based on their chosen lifestyle, income and technology. Unfortunately, natural resources cannot meet the demands of society and led to a higher ecological footprint.
Furthermore, by comparing the bio-capacity level we could identify the sustainability of a region and prepare for the future mitigation of policies implemented. Indonesia with more than 260 million of population and according to World Bank (2017), about 25,9 million Indonesian is in below the poverty line. In over the next 25 years, Indonesia population is expected to be increasing around 67 million or 28% of the current population according to Gavin W Jones (2010). The increasing number of population will automatically lead to more human activities such as factories following by the next scene which more environmental issues might appear due to human activities.
In Cimanggis, West Java, the battery factory has created an environmental issue with the mercury that exists in the water below the plant which contained 0,014 PPM or three times higher than the permissible limit. Since the water is used as drinking by factory workers so half of the workers are suffering from kidney disease. The increasing number of population will also lead to higher number of transportation in Indonesia which led to the higher CO2 emitted to the atmosphere, Jakarta, the central City of Indonesia exposing the air quality is PM2,5 levels which way above WHO guidelines and put at risk the health of 7,8 million children in Indonesia or even causing 10,600 premature deaths and 2,800 low birth weight birth per year (Greenpeace, 2017). 6 Surakarta city or more popularly known as Solo city which located in Central Java province, Indonesia.
With a population more than 550.000 people, Solo a densely populated city (Indonesia Access, 2018). However, no one knows whether the society in Solo is already aware of these environmental changes and how does the society in Solo balancing both economic and environmental status. by using the ecological footprint, we can estimate how big is the pressure we put on earth to meet our demand and also it can be a good opportunity for the society to increase their awareness and to change their lifestyle to balance the relationship between nature and economy. Moreover, this study will examine whether the educational level of correspondence has a relationship with the use of natural resources.
Thus, education may change people mindset to behave towards the environment since education is one of the most consequential means in building a sustainable environment. Research Objectives This research aims to; 1. To understand how big is the ecological footprint of people from solo. To determine which characteristics of people that affects to their ecological footprint.
To identify how does ecological footprint analysis work in determining the sustainablity of living. To provide information and recommendation to the society for better understanding related to ecological footprint based on the results of this study. Research Questions and Hypotheses 1. Research Questions This study wants to address this following question; 1.
What is the ecological footprint of the people from Solo, Central Java, Indonesia? 2. What are the characteristics of the people that affect their ecological footprint? 3. How does ecological footprint analysis determine the sustainable of living? 4. Why is it important to know one’s ecological footprint? 1.
Hypotheses a) Null hypothesis 1. Education level is not in line with the use of natural resources. Occupation does not affect the behaviour of using natural resources. Sex does not influence the use of natural resources.
Education level is in line with the use of natural resources. Occupation affects the behaviour of using natural resources. Sex influences the use of natural resources. Scope and Limitations The scope of this study focused on the ecological footprint and wealth of the people from Solo.
8 However, there are some limitations such as some people may not available to be surveyed and also the honesty from the respondents in answering the questionnaire that might take this result to the failure result. Significance of Study This research will be significant to the following; 1. Students, The results of study could be used for the secondary data for the further research and study. Society, The results of study could be used as information to encourage people to change their behaviour towards the nature by using the natural resources wisely.