THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY COLLEENE IVIE L. LANZADOR LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION TO EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LOS BANOS, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Program Office Batch : 2013 - 2017 Thai Nguyen, 2017 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Bachelor of Environmental Science and Degree Program Management Student Name Colleene Ivie L. Lanzador Student ID DTN1454290047 Level of Awareness on Climate Change and Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events of Thesis Title Households in Selected Barangays in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Assistant Professor Maricel A. Tapia Supervisors Dr.
Ho Ngoc Son Abstract: The risks and impacts of climate change require adaptations that can address and help individuals secure their selves from the looming dangers. However, performance of adaptation strategies depends on the capacities, foremost of which is the awareness of household to climate change and its impendence. This study explores if the level of awareness on climate change of the household respondents in selected barangays in Los Baños, Laguna, contributes to the performing adaptation strategies that minimize immediate impacts and result in enhancing their resilience. The study was conducted in Los Baños, Laguna, particularly in the barangays of Bagong Silang, Bambang and Lalakay.
It employed quantitative and qualitative data collections methods, particularly household survey, in-depth interview and secondary data collection. Data from the household survey were analyzed using descriptive, correlation and regression analyses, and enriched with qualitative analyses from information gathered from in-depth interviews, and secondary data. The results revealed that respondents have high level of awareness on what is climate change, but only the location of the household respondents affects their awareness on this global phenomenon. Pre- and post-adaptation strategies are also performed to reduce the impacts from hazards that they are exposed to, ii such as typhoon, flood, drought and landslide.
Socio-demographic and socio- economic characteristics, particularly source of income, monthly income, location and education, were found to influence their choice and performance of adaptation strategies. Moreover, their level of awareness has significant relationship to the performance of adaptation strategies, and in general to their adaptedness. Thus this means that the level of awareness of people towards climate change influences their performance of effective adaptation strategies which can enhance their resilience. It is recommended that disseminating climate change information through conduct of seminars and trainings can help communities, especially the respondents, to enhance their adaptive capacity, thereby enabling them to perform adaptation strategies that would contribute to their resilience.
Climate change, Awareness, Adaptation, Extreme Keywords: Weather Events, Hazard & Resilience Number of Pages 127 pages Date of Submission November 2017 Signature of the Supervisor iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” – Romans 8:28 “I can do all this through him who gives me strength.” – Philippians 4:13 The above bible verses serve as the fuel of the blazing spirit of the author during her stay in Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for almost four years. It gives her hope for new beginnings. Those words keeps her motivated, empowered and excited to look forward even though, things in the future are seem to be unknown. Above all else, the author wants to express her deepest gratitude and declare the highest praise, glory and honor to the one and only Almighty Father of the Heaven and Earth, for God has called her for a purpose; for the unconditional and unfailing love since her day one; and for giving her and her family His favor through strength, happiness, good health, grace, peace, tons of blessings and triumph.
The author owes it all to the Lord, for God has molded the best version of her. To the loving and supportive family, Rommel P.Lanzador, Nicolle Marie Lanzador, Mary Angeli Anne Albes, Silvina Lapis, Alice Lapis, Amalia Baskiñas, and Norma Lanzador which serve as my greatest inspirations; for giving unending words of wisdom to enlighten, motivate and inspire her; and for the prayers, love and care. Deepest appreciation to the kind and helpful advisers, Prof. Tapia of College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College of Forestry and Natural Resources and Dr.
Ho Son of the faculty of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for giving ideas and assistance as the author conducted her research study. Sincerest thank you to all the selected respondents, including the community leaders and mostly to the International Science Relation Officer V of iv the Climate Change Commission of the Philippines, Mr. Alexis Lapiz, who invested a little time answering the structured questionnaire and interview for the thesis report. Ever grateful to Mrs.
Prestado and Mr. Del Mundo, Master Teacher II of Buenaventura E. Fandialan Memorial Integrated National High School, a Ph. D in Applied Linguistics (CAR) from De La Salle University Manila and an international presenter, for being the English adviser and editor of the author.
To the Advance Education Program, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry together with the Dr. Dung Van Thao and the staff for providing the opportunity of study abroad and conducting the research study at her chosen university. To batch, K45-AEP, for sharing knowledge and happy memories along her journey in Vietnam, as well as to the first three batches, K42-AEP, K43-AEP and K44-AEP for helping and becoming a good role models to all K45-AEP Filipino students. To all friends, especially Alexis Ann Alcantara, Katriz Moldez, Goldwyn Macatangay, Ria Reyes, Keraia Geronimo, Jose Dunca, Joshua Veridiano, and Robert Raleigh Manuel, for the boundless support and motivation.
To my roommate, reporting and library buddy, Martina P. Sumadsad for being thoughtful and caring as always. The author got this far because of you all, who pushed her to pursue her goals, who relieved her stresses, who lightens her mood, who gives her positivity in life, and who keeps on sending prayers for her. Words are not enough to express how thankful and blessed the author is.
All the author can do is to take a new step with all the lessons, laughers and memories you have shared with her. May the Lord bless all of you. v The Researcher Colleene Ivie L. Lanzador vi TABLE OF CONTENT DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT.
iv TABLE OF CONTENT .vii List of Figures. x List of Tables. xi List of Abbreviations. Background of the Study.
Objectives of the Study. Significance of the Study. Scope and Limitation of the Study. Definition of Terms.
7 PART II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .2 Environmental Changes and Natural Disasters/Hazards .3 Level of awareness and Perception to Climate change of Communities/Households .4 Vulnerability of Different Communities in the Philippines to Climatic Changes .5 Resilience of households to Climate Change: Focusing on Extreme Events .2 Description of the Study Area .4 Selection of Respondents .5 Method of Analysis and Data Presentation. 36 PART V: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 39 vii Results of the Data Analysis. Socio-Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents .2 Level of Awareness and Perception towards Climate Change .1 Level of Awareness .2 Perception of All the Respondents towards Climate Change.
Hazards Experienced by All respondents. Impacts of Extreme Events and Adaptation Strategies of the Respondents .1 Impacts of Extreme Events .2 Adaptation Strategies of the Respondents to Extreme Events. Period of Recovery of the Respondent after Extreme Events. Analysis among Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents, Level of Awareness and their Adaptation Strategies to Extreme Hazards.
Relationship of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic profile of the Respondents to their Level of Awareness to Climate Change. Pearson Correlation Analysis of the Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents to their Choice of Adaptation Strategies for Extreme Events .3 Regression Analysis of Level of Awareness and Adaptation Strategies of the Respondents towards Climate Change/Variability. Correlation Analysis of the Level of awareness and Adaptedness of the respondents toward the extreme hazards. 117 PART VI: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.
166 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Conceptual Framework adapted from IPCC (2001) Vulnerability Framework. 29 Figure 2: Level of Awareness of the Respondents towards Climate Change. 48 Figure 3: Impacts of Typhoon to the Selected Respondents. 61 Figure 4: Impacts of Flood to the Selected Respondents.
62 Figure 5: Impacts of Drought to the Selected Respondents. 63 Figure 6: Impacts of Landslide to the Selected Respondents. 64 Figure 7: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Typhoon. 67 Figure 8: During/Post Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Typhoon.68 Figure 9: Long-term Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Typhoon.
69 Figure 10: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Flood. 70 Figure 11: During/Post Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Flood. 71 Figure 12: Long-term Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Flood. 72 Figure 13: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Drought 73 Figure 14: During/Post Adaptation of the Individuals in response to Drought.
75 Figure 15: Long-term Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Drought.76 Figure 16: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Landslide. 77 Figure 17: During/Post Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Landslide. 78 Figure 18: Long-term Adaptation of the Individuals in response to Landslide. 79 APPENDIX A-FIGURES Figure 1-a: Los Baños Record of Previous Disaster Events Figure 1-b: Los Baños Record of Previous Disaster Events Figure 2: Flood Prone Areas Map (Source: LCCAP 2015) x Figure 3: Figure 3: Detailed Landslide Hazard Map of Los Baños (Source: LCCAP 2015) LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Number of the Selected Respondents per Barangay.35 Table 2: Age Group of the Randomly Chosen Respondents.40 Table 3: Gender of the Randomly Chosen Respondents.41 Table 4: Educational Attainment of the Respondents.41 Table 5: Household Size of the Randomly Chosen Respondents.42 Table 6: Civil Status of the Respondents.43 Table 7: Range of the Monthly Income of the Respondents.44 Table 8: Source of Income of the Respondents.45 Table 9: Summary Table of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic of the In-depth Respondents.46-47 Table 10a: Perception of the Respondents of What Climate Change is.49 Table 10b: Perception of the Six In-Depth Interviewees towards the Idea of Climate Change.50 Table 10c: Perception of the Three Community Leaders towards Climate Change.51 Table 11: Respondents Who Experienced Typhoon.55 Table 12: Typhoons that Deteriorated Los Baños.55 Table 13: Respondents Who Experienced Flood.56 Table 14: Respondents Who Experienced Drought.57 Table 15: Respondents Who Experienced Landslide.58 Table 16: Period Recovery of the Respondents after Typhoon.84 Table 17: Period Recovery of the Respondents after Flood.85 Table 18: Period Recovery of the Respondents to Drought.86 Table 19: Period Recovery of the Respondents to Landslide.87 Table 20: Correlation Analysis of the Level of Awareness of Socio-demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Individuals.90 xi Table 21: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio- demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for Typhoon.93 Table 22: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio- demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for Flood.96-97 Table 23: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio- demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for Drought.102 Table 24: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio- demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for Landslide.107 Table 25: Summary table of the Result of the Linear Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness and the Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation of the Respondents to Typhoon.