THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DUONG THI HONG TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT ACTUALITY OF USING HOUSEHOLD-SCALE BIOGAS CELLAR IN THANH NINH COMMUNE, PHU BINH TRISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2012- 2016 Thai Nguyen, June 2016 1 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Duong Thi Hong Student ID DTN1153110190 Thesis Title Assessment actuality of using household-scale biogas cellar in Thanh Ninh commune, Thai Nguyen province Supervisor Dr: Nguyen Huu Tho Abstract: One major challenge faced by Thanh Ninh commune is dealing with the enormous amount of livestock waste and agricultural waste generated. Biogas technology is considered as effective means of using waste for energy. This study is conducted to study the advantages and disadvantages in using biogas technology in Thanh Ninh Commune with result of the study, some solutions will be suggested in this research to suitable to its practical conditions, which is suitable to its practical conditions. The main results are concerned with the number of households using biogas cellars in Thanh ninh commune, the input source for each household.
The index components were analyzed in the product's input and output. This research also presents some policies to use bio-slurry utilization with the better way to help people utilized products from animal manure and agricultural waste. This might beyond the scope of the study to change peoples’ knowledge, awareness and then treatment in a reasonable manner to animal waste and agriculture waste on daily life. Keywords Assessment, biogas cellar, Thanh Ninh commune.
Number of Pages 45 Date of Submission September 30, 2016 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to extend her grateful appreciation to the following people for their valuable contribution in order to make this research possible. First and foremost, to her family especially to her parents for their unconditional love and support in order to fulfill the author’s dreams. To her thesis adviser, Dr. Nguyen Huu Tho for sharing and teaching his study which provided the author a wider knowledge for doing research.
To households in Thanh Ninh commune and People’s Committee of Thanh Ninh commune for their enthusiasm and for providing her an excellent atmosphere for doing the research. Lastly, the author offers her regards and blessings to all of those who supported her in any respect during the completion of the thesis. Thai Nguyen, June 2016. Student Duong Thi Hong 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………….
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………… LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………….Objectives of the Study………………………………………………………. Specific Objectives of the Study……………………………………………. Scope and Limitation of the Study…………………………………………. Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………4 PART II.
Overview of Biogas………………………………………………………………5 2. Biogas For Sustainable Development……………………………………. Biogas Production Process…………………………………………. Benefits of Biogas Technology………………………………….
Process Development of Biogas Program in Vietnam and The World…. Process development of biogas program in The World ………………. Process development of biogas program in Vietnam……………………. CONTENT AND RESEARCH METHODS………………………….
The natural conditions, the economic and society in Thanh Ninh commune - Phu Binh-Thai Nguyen……………………………………………………………………. The natural conditions…………………………………. Social and economic conditions………………………………………………. General assessment of natural conditions, economic, social…………….
The current use of biogas technology in Thanh Ninh commune, period 2014 - 2016…………………………………………………………………………………. The number of biogas digesters follow years and residential ( 2014 – 2016)…………………………………………………………………………………………. Scales of biogas digesters in Thanh Ninh commmune…………………. The material resources provided for the digesters…………………….
Economic purpose in using of biogas technology………………………. Assessment the quality of digesters…………………………………………. Assessment the effectiveness of the economy and the environment in using biogas digester…………………………………………………………. Assessment the effectiveness of the economy in using biogas digester……34 4.
Effectiveness of the environment in using biogas digester…………………. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION……………………………….40 LIST OF REFERENCES……………………………………………………….43 6 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 4.1 The annual number of biogas digesters build in Thanh Ninh commune 26 Figure 4.2 Scales of biogas digesters in Thanh Ninh period 2014 27 2016.3 The form of using biogas in Thanh Ninh commune 30 Figure 4.4 The current use of bio-slurry in Thanh Ninh commune in 2016 31 7 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.1 Amounts of human and animal wastes discharged 7 per day Table 4.1 The number of biogas digesters follow years and 25 residential ( 2014 – 2016) Table 4.2 Scales of biogas digesters in Thanh Ninh period 26 2014 - 2016.3 The material resources provided for the digesters in 28 Thanh Ninh commune in 2016.4 Using of biogas in Thanh Ninh communein 2016 28 Table 4.5 The current use of bio-slurry in Thanh Ninh 30 commune in 2016.6 Result of waste water content in input materials and 31 bioslurry in biogas digesters in Thanh Ninh commune Table 4.7 The local people assess the quality of biogas 33 digesters in Thanh Ninh commune in 2016 Table 4. The economic efficiency of the biogas digesters in 35 Thanh Ninh in 2016. The opinion of household on effectiveness of the 36 environment in using biogas digester 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning BSP Biogas Sector Partnership DAFE Department of Agriculture and Forestry Extension KVIC Khadi and Villages Industries Commission MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development RDAC Rural Development Assistance Centre VACVINA Vietnamese Association of Horticulturist 9 PART I.
Research Rationale Vietnam is a country with a predominance of agriculture (more than 70% of the population is agriculture), focused mainly on two of cultivation and animal husbandry. With the huge volume of livestock waste has not been treated waste resulting organic fertilizer, but also causing environmental pollution, especially in rural areas. Resolving the rural environment are urgent issues. Using of biogas as a fuel allows us to solve problems and survive in society: environmental pollution, energy crisis, human health, economic development.
During Social-economic development, Urbanization - Industrialization had going on very strongly in Viet Nam in general and Thai Nguyen in particular, many pressing environmental problems that arose in connection activities relate to people's livelihood, agricultural, industrial and the impact on sustainable development including livestock waste is one of the important issues. The population of Thanh ninh commune is 1563 households (2015), inthere 1176 households are livestock but only 100 households used biogas technology (Hang, P. In Thanh ninh commune today, in general the treatment of waste has occurred in the traditional way: the entire waste discharge to drains, ponds or in part is used as fertilizer in agriculture. In doing so, it will cause some of the corollary: 1 • Leading to soil pollution, water pollution and air pollution in the discharge area.
Due to require problem solving pollution and saving energy, so waste management in Thanh ninhcommune should be operated under two requirements: • Firstly, building biogas cellars on household scale. • Secondary, using effective biogas technology in each household. Therefore, the study focused on analyzing the benefits of using biogas technology and to give some recommendation to repair the disadvantage in using biogas cellar. Therefor people can have the best effectively in using biogas cellar without environment pollution The main reason why this research is focused on biogas cellar on household scale in Thanh ninh commune is simply because biogas technology is a long-term program and have the participation of the community, changing perceptions and knowledge of people.
Therefore, the author aims to change awareness for the people who should able to built and use more useful biogas cellars in thanh ninh commune, Thai nguyen province. Objectives of the Study 1. General Objective The general objecitve of the study is to put forward practical measures that accordance with locality in order to improve the efficiency of using biogas cellars in Thanh Ninh commune. Specific Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: - The benefits of Biogas.
- Analyzing the advantages and disadvantage in using biogas technology. - Giving some recommendations to suitable to local's practical conditions to improve effective use of biogas 1. Research Question The following are the research questions: 1. What is the situation of using biogas cellar in Thanh Ninh commune? 2.
What is the economic efficiency of using biogas cellar and its impact on the environment and ecology? 3. What are advantages and disadvantages in using and management of biogas cellar? 4. What are the solutions to increase efficiency of using biogas cellar in Thanh Ninh commune? 1. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study implemented in Thanh Ninh commune, Thai Nguyen Province.
The subject of interest is the households using biogas cellar in Thanh Ninh commune for interview and data collection. 3 There were some limitations throughout the study. From the above mentioned, the first limitation was the collecting data and the second constraint was the time limitation since the researcher had a short time for this study. Significance of the Study The author believes that this study will contribute to the following: Researchers and Environmental Experts: results of this study may open doors of encouragement in pursuing related researches.
Education: the results of this study may be applied for other areas. Households: the findings of this study will give an idea to these households on protecting the environment and not waste the resources available on the house. Author: the author herself will benefit by acquiring knowledge during the completion of the research. Overview of Biogas 2.
Definitions - Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. - Biogas is gas produced in the process of biodegradation of organic matter under absence of oxygen and created renewable energy. Biogas For Sustainable Development Biogas technology production contributes greatly to reduce emissions and it is a clean fuel source and basis for the currently and the future. The greenhouse gas emissions is a large issue in the world.
In which methane is the main cause leading to greenhouse gases and it warms the world 21 times faster than CO2. Therefore, if the organic wastes are decomposed in biogas projects, methane will be collected as a fuel, it plays an very important role on protection environment. When burning 1 tonne of methane creates 2.75 tons of CO2. Thus greenhouse gases will reduce to: 21 / 2.
Biogas Production Process 2. Materials for Biogas Production Nearly all the organic substances in nature can be used as materials for biogas production. The materials can be classified into two kinds: material with animal root and material with plant root. 5 *Animal material Animal material includes animal waste (dung and urine) of cattle, poultry and human excrement.
The amount of waste matters per head depends on body weight and nutritional regimen.1 shows the average amounts of excrements discharged by human beings and animals per day Table 2.1 Amounts of human and animal wastes discharged per day Amount of waste by percent of body weight Amount of fresh Kinds Dung Urine dung (kg/day) Cow 5 4–5 15 – 20 Buffalo 5 4–5 18 - 25 Pig 2 3 1.34 Source: (Report from Household scale biogas technology in Hanoi, 2011) Owing to the work of the human or animal digestive system, the excremental materials decompose easily and produce biogas rapidly. However, their fermentation periods last for a rather short time (about two to three months) and the yield of biogas by a kilogram of waste is not much. Cattle dung, pig excrement decompose more rapidly than that of poultry and human beings’, yet the yield of biogas produced from poultry and human excrement is much more. 6 *Plant Material The plant materials refer to the leaf and stalk of graminaceous plants like agricultural residue (chaff, straw, leaf and stalk of maize, potato, bean etc.), organic waste (vegetable, fruit and foodstuff refused etc.) and wild hydrophytes (water hyacynths, alligater weed, water lettuces…).
Wood and old plants decompose hardly thus they are not as fermentation materials (Hanoi department, 2011). Vegetable usually has a hard cover difficult to be digested.