THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM VAN TUNG Topic title: EVALUATION OF BIOGAS USEDIN TAN KIM COMMUNE PHU BINH DISTRICTTHAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode: Full-time Major: environmental science and management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: K42 i Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Pham Van Tung Student ID DTN1053050060 Thesis title Evaluation of biogas used in Tan Kim commune Phu Binh didtrict Thai Nguyen province Superviser Prof.Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Abstract: Global warming is urgent issue when effect of global warming can be recognized by everyone. Agriculture contribute large proportion to warm up the Earth, especially livestock. The effective measure such as biogas are essential for sustainable development. Although biogas can reduce pollutants in wastewater, wastewater still pollutes the environment.
This study collected data about biogas use in Tan Kim commune, an agricultural commune in Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province, to evaluate the effectiveness of biogas technology in household scale in hadling livestock waste treatment. All document related to biogas, Tan Kim’s condition is collected. It is the background for this research. Biogas outlet wastewater in Tan Kim is collected to analysis pollution level and effectiveness of biogas tanks.
The methodologies such as inheritence, comparision, random sampling and some lab method were used. Although the result demonstrates good status, many drawbacks were found. The outlet wastewater is not treated completely and many household, who use biogas, lack of secondary measure. They do not have biological ponds or sedimentation tanks to handle outlet wastewater of biogas.
In conclusion, biogas is an effective measure in livestock waste treatment, however there are some disadvantages need to be solved. Key words: Biogas, livestock waste treatment Number of pages: Date of submission 1/15/2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To begin with, we know that knowledge is just only can be proved by our works, and internship is one of the best opportunity for student whose can do their first project before they find their jobs in the future. By this way, learners can easily experience more the working environment, and it is extremely important for our life after that. Besides that, we are not only improving ourselves by knowledge in company environment but also making more friends whose are having many experiences in environment, and it will help us in the near future.
From my perspective, this internship is absolutely needed, helpful and important. Because of that, and be assigned by the International Training Center and also the allowed of Tan Kim Commune people’s committee, I started the thesis: “EVALLUATION OF BIOGAS USED IN TAN KIM COMMUNE, PHU BINH DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE”, I got helps from Professor. Nguyen Ngoc Ngoan, my supervisor. To well done this thesis, I want to express profound gratitude to Advanced Education Program, the school administrators, the staffs in Tan Kim Commune people’s committee, and particularly my supervisor, Professor Tran Ngoc Ngoan who is always supports me every single time I got troubles.
I would like to send him a warmly thanks for his support, and for his sacrifice for education, as same as environmental issues in Vietnam. All in all, I would like to say that I have tried my best to finish this thesis in my abilities. However, honestly, I partly believe that my thesis still have some problems because of the limitation of knowledge and reality experiences, especially in our environmental circumstances these days. It is totally happy if I can get feedbacks and comments from you, my teachers and supervisor to finish my thesis in a fantastic way, to get the best results.
iii Abbreviations AD: anaerobic digestion BOD: biological oxygen demand COD: chemical oxygen demand MARD: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development T-N: Total nitrogen T-P: Total phosphorus VFA: Volatile fatty acids iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I.2 Aimof the thesis .1Overview oflivestock waste:.1Definition oflivestock waste .2 Classification oflivestock waste.3 Ability to pollution of livestock waste.4 The applicationoflivestock waste.2 Biogas and biogas technology in livestock waste treatment.2 The composition of biogas.4 Thechemical reactionsandthe formation ofbiogas .5 Factorsaffectingthe formation ofbiogas .6 Advantages of using biogas in livestock waste treatment .8 Some types of biogas in Vietnam .3 The utilization of biogas in the world and Vietnam .1 The utilization of biogas in the world .2 The utilization of biogas in Vietnam. OBJECTS, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY.1 Objects and scope of the study .1 Objectsof the study .2 Scope of the study.2 Location and Research Time .3 Contents of study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .1 Natural, economic andsocio-cultural condition of TanKim commune.1Natural conditionsofTanKim commune .2 Theeconomic-cultural-social condition of TanKim commune.3 Environmental Status in Tan Kim commune.2 Current status of biogas use in livestock waste treatment in Tan Kim commune .3 Sources of biogas information .5 The utilization ofbiogasproducts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .42 vi List of Tables Table 2.1: Composition of biogas.1: Resultof food production, animal husbandryand fisheryin 2010.2: Construction time of biogas tanksin TanKim .3: Type of biogas in Tan Kim commune .4: Wastewater discharge location and Distanceof discharge locationwithwater source .6: Analysis Results ofphysical and chemicalindicatorsof biogas wastewater samples .7: Average Value of some indicators of biogas input wastewater.37 vii List of Figures Figure 2.1: Types of box biogas type.2: types of cylindrical biogas type .3: Type of Can Tho university.4: Type of Energy Institute .1: Volume of biogas tanks .2 The distanceofbiogas tanks withwater source .3 Sources of biogas information .5: Comparison of BODindicatorsofbiogas .6: Comparison of T-Pindicatorsofbiogas.7: Comparison of T-Nindicatorsofbiogas .1 Introduction Agriculture in our country holds a key role in economic development.
Although our country is promoting industrialization and modernization, agriculture has a very important place in the economy, the firm fulcrum for economic development.The development of the farming sector has contributed to promote livestock development and play an important role in agricultural production. However, with the strong development of live stock, many environmental issues have arisen, especially environmental pollution caused by animal waste. Therefore finding the right solution for handling animal waste before discharge into the environment is essential for the sustainable development agriculture. In Vietnam, the extensive research and application of biogas technology is one of the key solutions to solve environmental pollution, fuel supply, energy saving, effective fertilizer in rural areas.
According to the Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) per year industry and poultry farming generates about 75-85 million tonnes of waste, in the form of untreated manure and untreated wastewater, discharged directly into the environment causing pollution of land, water and air. Currently, traditionalforms of livestock such as barns near the house, livestock waste directly into the environment without treatment pollute the environment, unpleasant odor, but also aesthetic manner environment. Fertilizers and livestock wastewater is discharged directly into the environment that createa favorable environment for flies and mosquitoes develop. Flies and mosquitoes are the intermediate host disease dangerous to humans.
The strong development of flies and mosquitoes directly threat to human health and animals,even cause disease.Besides that, the stench of livestock manure and poultry is also a significant nuisance for the farmers and the farmers living 2 around. Facing this situation, to develop the livestock sector efficiency and sustainability requires measures tomanage and treat livestock waste effectively. In fact, there are manyresearch projects of many organizations and individuals are doing in handling waste from livestock operations to reduce the risk of pollution as well as take advantage of the animal waste as a source of raw materials for other agricultural activities. In particular, biogas technology is considered as the most effective measures, not only reduce the risk of contamination, solvethe problem of energy but also economical solution for people in rural areas.
However, inthe process of developingandexpandingthe difficulties will arise; over time, biogas system cannot ensure efficiency. Stemming from the above problems, and the guide enthusiastically of associate professorTran Ngoc Ngoan, the research : "Evaluation of biogas using in Tan Kim commune - Phu Binh district-Thai Nguyen province" is performed.2 Aim of the thesis The Aim of this thesis is to survey and evaluate the effectiveness of biogas use in livestock waste treatment in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province, especially the level of pollutant of biogas outlet wastewater. To draw a conclusion about effectivenesswhichbiogas provides andthe difficulties in the process of using biogas. To Make the proposal to improve effectiveness of biogas used in Tan Kim commune.3 Requirements of thesis - Survey and assessment accurately, honestly the using of biogas in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province.
-Collectall documents and data related to the research topic scientifically and objectively. - Draw advantages and limitations in the application of biogas technology from the data collected. 3 - Provide practical solutions, effectively solve the limitations in the use of biogas. What is the current status of biogas used in household scale in Tan Kim commune? 2.
What is the efficiency of biogas tanks in Tan Kim commune? 3. Which advantages and disadvantages does biogas provide? 4. How can people and commune people’s committe do to improve effectiveness of biogas used? 1.5The significanceof thethesis - Evaluate the effectiveness livestock waste treatment of biogasin Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province. Contribute to the database on the management and use of local biogas.
also it is the basisforthe expand the scope and scale of biogas application as well as the management measures and efficiency of biogas use in livestock waste management at the local scale. - Improve knowledge and skills, draw practical experience to protect environment. Applying and promoting the knowledge learned.1Overview of livestock waste: 2.1Definition of livestock waste Livestock waste means livestock excreta, bedding material, rain or other water, soil, hair, feathers or other debris normally included in animal waste handling operations. Animal waste is high inorganic, inorganic, micro-bialandparasitic eggs can cause disease inanimalsandhumans(Ministry of AgricultureandRural Development,Department ofAgriculture 2005).2 Classification of livestock waste Livestock wasteis divided into 3categories: solid waste, liquid wasteandgas.
- Solid waste: the livestock wastes in solid form, they include the following components: animal manure, deadanimals, excess feed, beddingmaterial. - Liquid waste: urine of livestock, water for livestock bath, lotions barn, farm. In these kind of livestock waste, liquid waste has the largest volume. - Gases: gases are generated in the production process, the decomposition of organic matter in solid and liquid.3 Ability to pollution of livestock waste - AirPollution: inlivestock waste exists a large amount of saprophytic microorganisms.
Aerobicmicroorganisms using oxygen to decompose of organic matter and inorganic created: NO2, NO3, SO3.this process happen quickly and does not create odor. If the amount oforganic matter too much aerobic microorganisms will use up the dissolved oxygenin the water as their performanceis poor,increasing the anaerobic digestion products such as NH3, H2S, CH4,H2 etc. generated which create odor, black water with scum, cause increased respiratory diseasein human and animals(Ly, N 2005). - Soil pollution: animal wasteis not treated, but wastaken away used for crops such asirrigation, fertilizer for crops, vegetables, and other agricultural products is 5 not reasonable and hygiene.
Many studies show the viability of the pathogen in the soil, plant the plants can cause disease in human and animals, especially the intestinal diseases such astyphoid, hepatitis, fluke etc. When using untreated wastewater, salmonella and parasite eggs was found in the soilat a depth of 50 cm and can survive 2 years. Besides that the overuse of antibiotics, disinfectants, growth stimulants will affect the habitat of humans and animals(Ly, N 2005). - Water pollution: when the amount of animal waste which is not properly treated discharged into the environment is too large the amount of organic matter, in organic in water are raisen the dissolved oxygen levels, surface water quality are reduced.
That affects the microbial water, causes water to make up the dead (black water, smelly creature does not exist) affect human health, animals and ecological environment. Compared with surface water, ground water is less polluted than.