THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY LY TIEN LOI RAPID DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF EUMYCETOZOANS (MYXOMYXOMYCETES AND PROTOSTELIDS): Ecological implication for sustainable development in Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan province MASTER THESIS Study mode: Full time Major: Master of Environmental Science Factualy: Advanced Program Education Batch: K29 (2021 - 2023) Thai Nguyen,7/2023 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Master Environmental Science Student name Ly Tien Loi Student ID DTN21CH311010 RAPID DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF EUMYCETOZOANS Thesis Title (MYXOMYXOMYCETES AND PROTOSTELIDS): Ecological implication for the sustainable development in Ba Ba National Park, Bac Kan province Supervisor (s) Dr. Dagamac Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: The slime mold studies in Vietnam have increased in recent times, especially the myxomycetes. However, most scientists focus on the myxomycetes while protostelids are forgotten even though they play an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the diversity and distribution of slime molds, collectively called eumycetozoans (myxomycetes and protostelids), in BaBe National Park, Bac Kan Province, Northern Vietnam.
Through the method of culture in the laboratory 25 myxomycetes and 13 protostelids were documented in different litter substrates in the closed and open forests, Including 25 ii myxomycetes speices Arcyria afroalpina recognized as a new recorded for Vietnam while 13 protostelids species was the first recorded for Vietnam. This investigation provides knowledge regarding slime mold and micro-organisms in Ba Be National Park which was forgotten in the past. Besides, the slime mold distribution was revealed in close and open forest which seems fructification of slime mold not influenced by the forest cover. slime mold with the important role in soil biota however the knowledge about the capacity and useful of slime mold just started.
Therefore this study conducted aim to illuminative the gap space knowledge of slime mold especially in the developing countries as vietnam Keywords: Biodiversity, Slime mold, Alpha diversity,Distribution The number of pages: 62 Date of Submission: August 21 2023 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Graduation practice is the last and extremely important step of every student in the learning process. Thereby helping students conditionally consolidate the knowledge learned in school and practical applications, while improving the professional qualifications derived from their own aspirations and the assignment of the office Advanced Program of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Through this. I would like to thank my relatives and family for supporting me and helping me during my graduation thesis Through this, I would like to express my deep gratitude to the teachers during the learning process, especially Dr. Dagamac from the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, the University of Santo Tomas who directly guided me to complete the course.
Besides, I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Luu Huynh Duc for his support throughout the process in the laboratory. In addition, I also sent thanks to the ICOLABBorators team who supported me during the time I work in the Philippines. special, I am also would like to thank Mr.
Jeffrey Patrimonio Romero, and Ms. Paragas who are students from the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, the University of Santo Tomas for their assistance and cooperation in conducting research Moreover, I would to thank German Academic Exchange Service - DAAD For for sponsoring a full scholarship for me during my studies, In addition, I and iv my colleagues would also like to thank the Nagao Natural Environmental Foundation (NEF) for the support that helped us to complete this project. In the course of implementing the graduation thesis, I still have many mistakes, so I hope to receive the help of teachers so that my topic can be further improved. Thank you sincerely! Thai Nguyen in August 2023 Student LÝ TIẾN LỢI v TABLE OF CONTENT DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT.
iv TABLE OF CONTENT. vi LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TABLE. 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Research Question and Hypothesis. The investigation of Myxomycetes profiles. Objectives of the study. Significance of the study.
Systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Where in Vietnam myxomycetes have been surveyed?. How many total number of myxomycetes species are known thus far from Vietnam? .What are these myxomycete records tells about Vietnam’s biodiversity?. What is next in studying myxomycetes in Vietnam?.
31 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY. Materials and methods. Collection and characterization of myxomycetes and protostelids. Species Abundance, composition, and Diversity.
Distribution of myxomycetes between three substrates ( aerial, ground, and woody substrates). Distribution of Myxomycetes between 2 sites Open forest and closed forest. Checklist and description .2 Diversity of protostelids in different substrate aerial litter and ground litter.2 Diversity of protostelids in forest types open and closed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.
In term of Myxomycetes. Myxomycetes as indicator of sustainable management of forest ecosystem. Interm of Protostelids. The potential diversity of protostelids in Ba Be Natinal park and Vietnam in the future 60 5.
62 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The PRISMA flowchart. Location of studies conducted in Viet Nam are represented by the red circles. 17 Figure 3: Study site map shows the collecting areas in the Ba Be national park.
Bac Kan province Vietnam; B. Ba Be National Park; the green dot name site 1 and site 2 demonstrate for location sample collection of the close forest. While Site 3 and Site 3 for Open Forest. 34 Figues 4: Processing to collect the sample.
35 Figues 5 The diagram shows how to set up moist culture chamber for Myxomycete. 36 Figure 6 : The diagram shows how to set up Culture plates for protostelids…. Species abundance between 2 forest types and 3 substrate……………42 Figure 8: Species accumulation curve of myxomycetes on different forest types (A) and substrates (B)………………………………………………………….43 Figure 9: Venn diagram showing the two beta diversity (CC = Coefficient of community & PS = Percentage similarity) and distribution of myxomycetes between the two substrates………………………………………………….44 Figures 10 : The picture of some typical Myxomycetes species view in microscope………………………………………………………………………………45 Figure 11. Venn diagram constructed to show the beta diversity (CC and PS) and the distribution of the leaf litter inhabiting myxomycete species between two types of forest…………………………………………………………………………46 Figure 12.
Protostelid species viewed at 100x magnification………………. Species abundance between 2 forest types and among 3 substrates…………………………………………………………………………….51 Figure 14: Species accumulation curve of protostelids on different forest types 1 (A) and substrates (B)…………………………………………………………………52 Figure 15: Venn diagram showing the two beta diversity (CC = Coefficient of community & PS = Percentage similarity) and distribution of Protostelids between the two substrate………………………………………………………….53 Figure 16: Venn diagram showing the two beta diversity (CC = Coefficient of community & PS = Percentage similarity) and distribution of Protostelids between the two Forest type……………………………………………………….54 2 LIST OF TABLE Table 1. List of myxomycete species recorded for Vietnam. Information is provided on the source(s) of each record where the species was first mentioned, along with some general comments.
19 Table 2: Myxomycete occurrence and their respective relative abundances between the different substrate and forest types. 40 Table 3: General data showing the total number of species, number of genera, the taxonomic ratio (S/G), and the three measures of alpha diversity namely Fisher’s alpha (FIS), Shannon index (SHA), and Simpson (SIM ). Protostelids occurrence between the different substrate and forest types. 50 Table 5: General data showing the total number of species, number of genera, the taxonomic ratio (S/G), and the three measures of alpha diversity namely Fisher’s alpha (FIS), Shannon index (SHA), and Simpson (SIM ).
Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AL - Aerial litter GL - Ground litter WD - Woody litter MCs - Moist chambers RA - Relative Abundance CC - Sorensen's Community Coefficient PS - Percent Similarity 4 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. Research rationale Unlike animals or plants, slime mold is still very mysterious to scientists. Slime Mold is anorganism that is complex and interesting since it can provide a substrate for a variety of interdisciplinary research (Dirnberger et al 2017).
It is the common name for Eumycetozoans, which are a diverse group of microorganisms living in terrestrial habitats. These terrestrial amoeboid protists belong to the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa and currently, there are 3 members in this group:(1)Myxomycetes (true slime molds), (2) Dictyostelids (cellular slime molds), and (3) Protosteloid amoeba (Stephenson & Feest, 2012). In general, the common characteristic of all these three monophyletic amoebae is single or multiple spores that were born in a fruiting body (Lado & Eliasson, 2022). Myxomycetes are known to be monophyletic, which is inside a sporocarp containing spores with huge amounts.
(Broersma et al. While for Dictyostelid and Protostelids, both have a simple fruiting body, which only includes simple stalks with solitary or few spores (Spiegel et al. True slime molds or Myxomycetes is the species that is most focused on with around 20 articles published from 2009 until now. Van Hooff was the first scientist who implemented an investigation regarding Myxomycetes in Vietnam.
Presently, the studies regarding myxomycetes covered the whole of Vietnam (North, Center, and South) with the national park area getting a lot of concern from international scientists. From these studies the tropical forest showed an abundance, such as Chu Yan Sin National Park (Novozhilov et al., 2019a), Cuc Phuong National Park (Tran et al.2014), Bu Gia Map, Nam Cat Tien National Park, 5 (Novozhilov et al., 2019b)Phia Đen National Park (Novozhilov et al. Based on the systematic review of the myxomycetes in Vietnam using the PRISMA method from 20 articles 173 species were found in Vietnam which includes the enumeration of 7 new species that have been found only for the country. Protostelids are the smallest species that belong to Slime Mold with simple fruiting bodies and life cycles.
The fructification of protostelids is only from 5 µm to 250 µm (Shadwick et al. The typical structure of protostelids includes single or multiple spores ranging from 5-40 µm diameters with a single delicate acellular stalk (Tesmer et al. The investigation of this species was implemented in many places in the world, with the first surveys of this species appear in the north and center of America (Beech and pine forest of Ohio, Best & Spiegel, 1984). In Asia, there are only 3 reports which include Northern India (Shadwick and Stephenson, 2004), the Russian Federation (Kosheleva et al.
Currently, there are 37 species of protostelids that are described (Spiegel et al. However Vietnam still did not have any report regarding protostelids. Given the aforementioned situation, a complete eumycetozoan inventory is in dire need to be conducted in one of the important national parks in Bac Kan province, the Ba Be National Park. This park is known for its biodiversity of macro-organisms, but it lacks information about the diversity of microorganisms.
According to the report of the Ba Be National Park Management Board in 2019, Ba Be National Park has 1,281 species of plants belonging to 162 families, and 672 genera, including many valuable rare and precious plant species recorded in 6 the Red Book of Vietnam and the world. Specifically, this research study will be a three-part framework that shall investigate and assess the slime mold communities in different ecosystems present in Ba Be National Park. The result of this study will serve as a baseline proxy to associate management and conservation strategy in the terrestrial ecosystem of Northern Vietnam as it advocates sustainable development of its very own natural resources including the unbeknownst group of the microbial flora of Vietnam. Research Question and Hypothesis Sustainable development is one of the goals of many countries around the world, including Vietnam.
This is also an important goal in the conservation of biodiversity. For biodiversity, sustainable development means maintaining and conserving the existing biodiversity of organisms and habitats, Besides promoting the development of natural habitats.