MINISTRY OF JUSTICE MINISTRV OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THIKIM DUNG 453255 EXAMINING DIFFICULTIES STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING LEGAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY OF LEGAL ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY GRADUATION THESIS Hanoi - 2023 MINISTRY OF JUSTICE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NGUYEN THIKIM DUNG 453255 EXAMINING DIFFICULTIES STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING LEGAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY OF LEGAL ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY KHAO SAT NHỮNG KHO KHAN VÀ CHIẾN LƯỢC CAL THIEN TỪ VỰNG TIENG ANH PHAP LY CUA SINH VIÊN CHUYÊN NGANH TIENG ANH PHAP LÝ TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC LUAT HÀ NOI Major: Legal English GRADUATION THESIS Supervisor ‘Vu Van Tuan, Ph. ii STUDENT DECLARATION Thereby state thatI:Nguyen Thi Kim Ding — ID 453255, beinga candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and we of Bachelor s Graduation Paper deposited in the library Interms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the Ibvary should be accessible forthe purposes of shudy and research in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction ofthe paper Hanoi, December 26%, 2023 Supervisor's confirmation Researcher's signature Van Tuan, PhD. Nguyen Thi Kim Dung Fr ACKNOWLEDGMENT Tung the process of doing this gadustion thesis, I have received much necessary assistance, valuable opinions, and encouragement from teachers family, end friends. This thesis might not have been come up to my expectations without the encouragement and support of those who deserve my sincere gratitude and eppreciation First of all, [would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor - Dr.
Vu Văn Tuan, for fis valuable guidance on my gadustion thesis, patience, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. He is always enthusiastic and dedicated to guiding mein all the stages of completing the thesis. Secondly, I would love to send my sincere thanks to all the steff and lecturers of the Faculty of Legel Foreign Languages at Hanoi Lew University, ‘where I have had the honor of studying for the pest four years and provided with valuable language knowledge for this research process Twwould eso like to thank the members ofthe thesis defence committee for spending their valuable time and extensive professional knowledge to offer constructive comments end suggestions forthe thesis. Theis favourable remarks have been integgatedin the bookbinding of this thesis 1 would also like to sincerely thank the students K45 and KA46 for their enthusiastic participation in the research.
Their kind hearted contribution played sm essential pert in the completion ofthis study. Lest but not LeastI would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my big family and fiends, who apply me with emotional support, encouragement, great tolerance and unconditional love not only in the success of this research, but also llwalks of life iv ABSTRACT In the context of a global economy end integration, the need for legal practitioners who cen pasticipste in consulting, negotiating, and dafting legal documents is increasing Many lew insitutions have begun to focus on providing knowledge of legel English to train Inman resources to serve this demand. In lesening legal English, one of the utmost issues to pay attention to is vocabulary because it hes many unique festures thet are different from other types of ESP. ‘This study investigates the difficulties that legel English mejor students encounter in the process of scquiring vocabulary as well as proposes some strategies to help students improve their legel English vocabulary knowledge.
The research was conducted on 166 legel English students who were in courses 45 end 46 at Hanoi Law University, using mixed methods, The findings indicete thet the prominent &fficulties faced by students are the use of Archaic and foreignvborrawed words, the use of reciprocal words, the use of synonymy in legel texminalogy, and the non-equvelence in Vietnamese legal terminology. The results on vocabulary lesening strstegies show thet social strategies wore used with the highest frequency, while memory strategies were used the leest frequently. Through the results, some implications end recommendations about ESP vocabulary lesrning strategies are suggested for references. More specifically, these findings would ‘benefit the school administrators to consult for he promulgation ofthe renovetive 1egal English policies, teachers who are dixectly in charge of teachinglegel English subjects, students who are major in this legal field, and those who areinterested in improving legal vocabulary.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Declaration by author Acknowledgments Abstract Table of contents List of tables List of abbreviations PART 1. Rationale for study Aims and Objectives of the Study 2. Aims of the study 22. Objectives of the study 3.
Research Questions 4, Scope of the Study 5. Significence of the Study 6. Structure of the Study PART Il. LITERATURE REVIEW 1 The overview of vorabulary LLL Defiration 112.
The aspects of vocabulary ‘The overview of legal English 1. Legal English vocabulary andits characteristic 1.2 The importance of legal English vocabulary 13 ‘The overview of vocabulary leering strategies 13. Toeabrlany lennning strategy 1. Clevifying Schmitt's vocabulary learning strategies vi 1.
The importance of vocabulary learning strategies 1. Previous studies on difficulties and strategies in Iearning legal English vocebulery 15. Reseerch Question Restated. Procedures of date collection 6.
Date analysis: 7 Summary CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1, Demoggaphic information ofthe respondents 32. The analysis of the difficulties in learning lege English vorebulary 33, The analysis ofthe students’ vocabulary learning strategies for 3 learning legel English 4.2 Social strategies 35 3318 Memory strategies 3g 3.6 Vocabulary learning strategies most employed by legal English major students 3. The summative analysis of students’ semi-structured interviews guide on legel English vocabulary leaning suategies 35.
Suumary PART III. CONCLUSION CHAPTER 4, CONCLUSION vũ 4.1, Summary of the min findings 4.1, Learners’ difficulties in learving legal English 4. Legal Englishmajor students’ vocabulary learnang strategies 42. Limitations end suggestions for Ruther research, 43.2, Suggestions REFERENCES APPENDIX Appendix A QUESTIONNAIRE Appendix B, THE SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW GUIDE ON LEGAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Profiles ofthe respondents imolving inthe study Table 2. Learners’ dificulties in learning legal English vocabulary Table 3. The descriptive statics of PLS used by participants Table 4. The analysis of determination strategies Table §.
The analysis of social strategies Table 6. The analysis of memory’ strategies Table 7. The analysit of cogmtive strategies Table 8. The analysis of metacognative strategies Table 9, The len most frequent TLS Table 10.
Sionmarized analysis of shidents’ semi-structured interviews 4 iz LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS coe Cognitive strategies DET Determination strategies EFL English as a Foreign Language ELP English for Lege Purposes ESL English as a Second enguage ESP English for Specific Purposes HLU Hanoi Law University Li Mother Language/Mother Tongue 12 Second Language LE Legel English MEM Memory strategies MET Metacognitive strategies soc Social strategies ULAW Ho Chỉ Minh City University of Law VLS `V ocebulary learning strategies PARTI. INTRODUCTION ‘This part provides the context of the research by explaining the rationale, sims ofthe study, research questions, significence, and scope of the study, slong with the structure of the paper 1. Rationale for study Inthe process of teaching end earning « foreign language, the development of & student's vocebulary is seen S9 being of utinost importance (Susento, 2017). According to Algghtami (2015), developing a strong vocabulary is crucial for effectively using « second language (L2) end is crucial for producing coherent spoken end waitten forms Learning vocabulary is essential for improving all enguage abilities including heating, specking reading, end writing in English as Second Language (ESL) end English os « Foreign Lenguage (EFL).
As seported bby Vafase and Sưzudd (2020), vocabulary knowledge considerably influences students’ listening ability. To be more specific, when conducting research, they obteined results thet vocebulary knowledge was twice as influential as syntactic knowledge in L? listening ability. In other words, apart from syntactic knowledge, vocabulary knowledge playsa central role in helping leamers succeed inlistening comprehension Bloomfield et al, 2010), Regarding speaking ability, Dalimunthe end Heryach (2022) essest that students’ lexical mastery directly impacts speaking stalls. It means thet the speeking skills of a student with œ sich or insufficient Vocebulary are different Students’ vocabulary includes active and passive Voceblary, while active vocabulary is used frequently in spesking For L2 leseners, active vocabulary is usuelly les than passive vocabulary, so L2 leemners re often in need of being given assistance in expressing speaking ebility in case of lacking active vocebulary.
Regerdingreading sills, many studies (e.g, Manyek & Bauer, 1009, Martin Chang & Gould, 2008; Ricketts et al, 2007) indicate thet vocebulery knowledge facilitetes students to develop better reading comprehension Vocebulery knowledge dsectly impacts on reading comprehension sills end is considered as the foundational knowledge of reading comprehension (Mertin Chang & Gould, 2008). Poor vocabulery command and 1 lack of knowledge ebout the lexical meanings make it impossible for readers to comprehend thoroughly what «textis ebout. A deep understanding ofvocabulary ‘will help improve seading comprehension results. Mertin-Chang end Gould (2008) sffirm thet vocebuley is anindispensable part of reading comprehension, assisting esmnersin decoding end profoundly grasping the text.
Murphy end Unthieh (2015) posit theta leck of vocabulary knowledge affects the success of learners’ seading comprehension skills Vocebulery is central to reading, leemners will heve éfficulty understanding tert if they lack frequently used vocabulary (Cochsad et al, 2010). Besides speaking skills, waiting is elso a visual form of expressing Ienguage. Vorsbulary knowledge impacts leamers’ writing ability and quality (6, Milton, 2013; Perk, 2012, Stebx, 2008). In wsiting leamers must ase precise vocebulary to express ideas or opinions and follow an appropriate struct In accordance with Farced et al.
(2016), leamners are influenced by many factors in developing writing sills, especially grammer, synter, and vocabulary. Research conducted by Anistasya 2022) once agein confirms which vocabulary isthe factor thet causes the most difficulty end affects leamers’ wsiting ebility. It is obvious to secognize the vite role of vocebulery in language leasing, along with phonetics, end grammer, those are factors promoting the ability to improve four basic lenguage skills listening, speaking reading, and writing —in general end English in particular. Inthe field of language education, especially English for Specific Purposes ESP), Northcott (2009) postulates that legal English is considered to greatly <&fferent from other ESP fields.
Notably, he asserts thet no other academic subject sequires es thorough ecquisttion of language and thinking es legel English Legal English is only used in somé English netive- speaking counties such as England America, Canade,. and in other countries English is used as @ second language like India, Philippines, or Singepore. However, even students (in England) are not equipped vith the amount of knowledge end vocabulary for studying lew because itis cfferent in all aspects from studying other subjects (Strong, 2018) 1. The system of legal terminology differs in cach country’s legel system; for example, Isvs belonging to Common Law traditions have distinct characteristics from Civil Law traditions, 2.
Discourses in legal seminers and legel documents are needed to explain end teach the vocebulery used in specialized legal documents by people with intensive expertise inthe legal field, 3. Legel English also borrows from general English a lerge munber of vocebulery words with unfamilier mesnings, causing difficulties in teeching and lesening, such as action, which hes the meaning of litigation and proceedings 4, The use of Archaic and foreign words/Maxims borrowing from French end_etin driginis common inlegal writing making them afesture of legel English vooebuley. Moreover, prepositional phrases, phrasal verbs in « quasi-technical sense, and synonyms are also important features to pay attention to when teaching and lesrning legal English Legal English is known as legalese the English lenguage used by Inwyers, judges, and in legal documents thet is difficult for ordinary people to understand (Mellinkoff, 2004). Inthe er8 of globalisetion, legal Englishis an area emphasising the important necessity when Vietnam pastcipetesin global economic integration.