VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES wlas LUU THI HAI VAN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSES OF THE METAPHOR “ANGER LS TIEAT” IN ENGLISH AND THE POSSIBLE EQUIVALENT EXPRESSIONS IN VIETNAMESE (PHẦN TÍCH ĐỐI CHIÊU BIẾU THỨC AN DU “ANGER IS ITRAT® (SỰ TỨC GIÀN LÀ NHIỆT) FRONG TIỀNG ANH VÀ CÁC BLEU THUC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TIENG VIET) Thesis Summary Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.15 HANOT- 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES t2EHœ4 LUT TOY TIAL VAN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METAPHOR “ANGER IS TIEAT” IN ENGLISH AND TITE POSSIBLE EQUIVALENT EXPRESSIONS IN VIETNAMESE (PHẦN TÍCH ĐÓI CHIẾU BLEU THUC AN DU “ANGER 1S HAT” (SỰ LỨC GIẬN LÀ. NHIỆT) TRONG TIỆNG ANH VÀ CÁC BIỂU THỨC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TILNG VIET) M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60. 19 Supervisor: Associate Professor VO BAI QUANG, Ph.D HANOI - 2012 ta Tables of contents Pape Part A: Introduction 1 1 Rationale " 2, Aims and objectives of the study eee 3 Remuchquaton ca 4, Soope of the study.
Principles governing the research $1.1 Principles governing the choice of research lype 5.2 Dala-related issues we wR 5. Methods of the study 5. Major methods and supporting methods Data collection instruments 5. Data analysis techniques.
Structure of the thesis. Part B: Development De Chapter 1: Literature Review.1 Review of the previous studies 1. Traditional approach to metaphors 1. SDAA Cognitive approach to metaphors.
What is a conceptual metaphor’ 1. Struckue of4 conceptual metaphor 9 1. Types of conceptual metaphors 9 1. 4, Conduit metaphors ¬ “ pete ieee 1.
The role of conocplusl elaphors im. deseriptien ofof emolions 14 1. Rationale At is common knowledge that metaphors, especially conceptual metaphors are not only an effective device for representing, the world outside language but also a tool for thinking, spoaking and aching. According lo Orlony (1975) thers arc al leash three communicative functions that metaphor might perform.
Lakoff and Johnson (1980-3) state that “metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, nat just in language bul in though and action” and “our euncaptual system is largely metaphorical, then the way we think, what we experience, and what we do every day is very much a matter of metaphor.” During my study, I have beon interested im metaphors especially conceptual metaphors for emotions; therefore | choose conceptual metaphors as my thesis topic. Of many everyday conceplual metaphorical expressions I would like to take a careful study on the conceptual metaphor “Anger is Heat”. “Anger” is one of abstract concepts of people’s emotions that are highly used in Linglish and in Vietnamese. How is Uris metaphor used differently in the two languages? These are the main reasons for my study “A Contrastive Analysis of the Metaphor “Anger is Ileat” in English and the Possible Equivalent Lxpressions in Vietnamese” 2.
Aims and objectives of the study ‘The study tries to: - give a systematic account of the thearetical background on conceptual metaphors - make explicit the similarilies and differences between the English metaphor “Anger is leat” and the possible equivalent expressions in Vietnamese. - propose implications for teaching metaphors. Research questions ‘The objectives mentioned above can be elaborated into the following research questions: - What are similarities and difforences in regard to how the English metaphor “Anger is Icat” and the Vietnamese equivalent are perceived? - Whal causes the dilTerences m cogmitive mechanism of (his melaphor between lhe two languages? - What are the possible recommendations for teaching Iinglish metaphors? 4. Scope of the study In this thesis, 1 only work on the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in Hnglish and the possible equivalents in Vietnamese to work out the contrast of cognitive model’ 1necharnsm anid to give explanation for the differences in the metaphor usage between the two languages.
Mcthodology of the study 5.1, Principles governing the research 5.1 Principles governing the choice of research type This study is intended to provide an overview and a contrastiveness of the metaphor “Anper is Heat” in English and the Vielramese equivalent. To achieve the aims, the type of research chosen is basic research. A combination of qualilative and quarttitalive approaches is employed with prionty given to qualitative analysis. The qualitative method 1s used to describe and analyze the common and distinctive features of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in lnglish and the equivalent expressions in Vietnamese.
Data-related issues The researcher examines different samples containing metaphorical expressions belonging to the central conceptual metaphor “Anger is Heat” from books, previous studies, novels, stories, and the Internet in both Hnglish and Vietnamese. Then the commonly used metaphorical expressions are selected to be analyzed. The samples are aulhentic sources of data. Research procedure follows the research design and principles strictly.
So the validity and the reliability of the study can be guaranteed. PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Review of the previous studies As far as | know, so far there have been three major works related to the theme of this research. Following are the major pieces of information about them: First. of all is Gorge Lake and Mark Johnson's “Metaphor We Live Ry” in 1980.
This is one of the first studies about conceptual metaphors. ‘This book is an important basis of myriad of studies later. In this book, the two authors point out thai metaphors are not just mraliers of language, bul are used extensively Trị reasoning and understanding. Typically, an abstract domain is understood metaphorically in terms ofa more concrete domain.
To a large degree, they argue, the human conceptual system is metaphorical. This is very different from the classical model of metaphor, which claims that metaphors are artifacts of language use, and lave nothing to do with meaning or understanding. This sludy is the main theoretical basis for my study. ‘The second is the research “The Cognitive Model of Anger inherent in American English” of Gorge Lakotf and Zoltan Kovecaes (1983).
Tn this research, the authors give basis of the cognitive model of anger in English as well as examples of a system of metaphorical expressions for anger. From this work I chose the central metaphor “Anger is Heat” for contrastive analysis with the equivalents in Vietnamese. The third is “An Du Vé Su Tuc Gian Va Niém Vui Trong Tié énp Viet” by Tran Ba Tiến (2009). In this study, the author gives a brief account.
af metaphorical expressions for anger and happiness in linglish and In Vietnamese. The central metaphor “Anger is Heat” is the most general metaphor which is pervasive im both English and Vietnamese. Of all provious studies tal Thave read, there las not been any ene which makes a contrastive analysis of this metaphor in English and the possible equivalent expressions in Vietnamese. This inspired me to make a contrastive analysts of this netaphor im the two languagoes.
12 Chapter 2: A contraslive Analysis of the Metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the Possible Equivalent expression in Viefmamese. The cognitive basis of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and in Vietnamese.1, The cognitive basis of the English metaphor “Anger is Ileat”. The cognitive basis of the equivalent metaphor “Anger is IIeat” in Vietnamese. The metaphor “Anger isis Heat” in1 Kinglish and the equivalent inin Viemamese.
1 “Anger i is sthe Heat of a , Hot Fluid i ina , Container” 20 English and the Vietnamese equivalent. “Increase in the inlensily of anger is the rising of the fluid” 2. The entailment “Intense anger produces steam and pressure on the container”, : + 2.13, the entailment “When anger - becomes too intense, the person explodes” .14, The entailment “Whena person explodes, parts of him go up in the air 2. The entaiuent “When a person explaces what was inside hia comes oul a The Daglish version “Anger is Fire” and the Vietnamese equivalent 2.3, Bxplanation for the differences of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and in Vietnamese.
Suggestions for further studies References. Traditional approach to metaphors Pul very generally, thore are (wo main approaches in the study of metaphor: the traditional approach and the cognitive approach. ‘The traditional approach encompasses many different theories but shares some fundamental presumptions The traditional theory of metaphor dates back to Aristotle’s view that metaphor is "the application of an alien name by transference" (350 BC b [1950]: par.4 cited from Koller (2003)) and the following are the most important views of metaphor wilhin this approach: 1. Substitution theory The substitution theory describes metaphors as expressions, which are simply substilutes [or literal expressions (Black: 1955).
Thus, for example, the speaker who uses the metaphorical expression “He is a fox” could, according to the substitution view, have used a literal expression “He is cunning” that means the same. The word “fox" in this case commurneales somthing that could have been expressed literally and the metaphor here is simply used in a novel or poetic way to decorate and embellish one's speech. The substitution view implies lal metaphorical expression performs no greater function than to please and amuse readers or listeners. ‘The problem with this view is that a metaphor may evoke a large number of connotations and it would be difficult to paraphrase them all, and paraphrasing of a metaphorical expression camnot present all the meanings that the original metaphorical expression has (Ohkura: 2003).
Comparison theory ‘The comparison view is one of the most popular dualistic theories of metaphor According to comparison theory, metaphor is grounded in the similarity existing between lwo concepts involved in i, sa metaphor is considered to be an tnplicit. comparison between principal subject and subsidiary subject, Black (1955), Hoang Tat Truong (1993). On such a view, the interpretation of a metaphor is a matter of 1. Traditional approach to metaphors Pul very generally, thore are (wo main approaches in the study of metaphor: the traditional approach and the cognitive approach.
‘The traditional approach encompasses many different theories but shares some fundamental presumptions The traditional theory of metaphor dates back to Aristotle’s view that metaphor is "the application of an alien name by transference" (350 BC b [1950]: par.4 cited from Koller (2003)) and the following are the most important views of metaphor wilhin this approach: 1. Substitution theory The substitution theory describes metaphors as expressions, which are simply substilutes [or literal expressions (Black: 1955). Thus, for example, the speaker who uses the metaphorical expression “He is a fox” could, according to the substitution view, have used a literal expression “He is cunning” that means the same. The word “fox" in this case commurneales somthing that could have been expressed literally and the metaphor here is simply used in a novel or poetic way to decorate and embellish one's speech.
The substitution view implies lal metaphorical expression performs no greater function than to please and amuse readers or listeners. ‘The problem with this view is that a metaphor may evoke a large number of connotations and it would be difficult to paraphrase them all, and paraphrasing of a metaphorical expression camnot present all the meanings that the original metaphorical expression has (Ohkura: 2003). Comparison theory ‘The comparison view is one of the most popular dualistic theories of metaphor According to comparison theory, metaphor is grounded in the similarity existing between lwo concepts involved in i, sa metaphor is considered to be an tnplicit. comparison between principal subject and subsidiary subject, Black (1955), Hoang Tat Truong (1993).
On such a view, the interpretation of a metaphor is a matter of Possible Equivalent Exprossions in Vietnamese”, provides a contrastive analysis of the linglish metaphor “Anger is leat” and the Vietnamese equivalents. C, “Conclusion”, provides a recapitulation of the main points raised, concluding remarks on each of the objectives, and suggestions for further studies. Methods of the study 5. Major methods and supporting methods The sludy has been eanied out with the combination of different methods.