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Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu determinants of household savings in lam dong province, khảo sát thực trạng, phân tích nguyên nhân, đề xuất giải pháp cải thiện thực tiễn.

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

thesis

2002

77
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ACRONYMS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem Statement

1.2. Objectives of the Study

1.3. Research Methodology and Data Sources

1.4. Structure of the Study

2. CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1. Introduction

2.2. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

3. CHAPTER 3: FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN VIETNAM

3.1. FINANCIAL SYSTEM BEFORE FINANCIAL REFORM

3.2. Impact on the Incentive to Save

3.3. Impact on the Opportunities to Save

3.4. FINANCIAL SYSTEM AFTER REFORM

3.4.1. The First Round of Financial Reform, 1988-1991

3.4.2. The Second Round of Financial Reform, 1992- ONWARD

3.5. Impact on Incentive to Save

3.6. Impact on Opportunities to Save

4. CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

4.1. MODEL SPECIFICATION AND SAMPLING METHOD

4.2. Method of Data Collection

4.3. Findings from the Sample Survey

4.4. The Ability to Save

4.5. Using Financial Institution by Households in Lam Dong province

4.6. Change in Using Financial Institutions by Households

4.7. The Use of Financial Institutions and Some Selected Indicators of Household Savings

4.8. Analysis from the Preferred Saving Forms

4.9. The Structure of Financial Savings

4.10. Model and Results

4.11. Hypothesis Testing, Explanations of the Empirical Results

5. CHAPTER 5: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. SUMMARY OF MAIN EMPIRICAL FINDINGS

5.2. Reducing Transaction cost and Creating More Chance For Households To Access To Financial Services

5.3. Other Policies Aim at Increasing Household Savings

LIST OF TABLES AND APPENDICES

Appendix 1. The Increase in Mechanization in Vietnam

Appendix 2. Diagnostic testing of the Models

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAMESE-NETHERLANDS PROJECT ON DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN LAM DONG PROVINCE A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ART IN ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT --- __ . 1 s/fJo~ By NGUYEN THJ NAM PHUONG ~ ' SUPERVISOR: DR. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI B¢ GIAO DUC VA f)~O T~O j- TRIJ0NG [)11 KINH TE TP .HCM TI-ITJ VI:E:~o hi Minh City, December 2002 ~\ 1 AJJ 'I j TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CERTIFICATION I certify that this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my know ledge any help received in this thesis and all sources used have been acknoledged in this thesis. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT The current empirical study is to examine the detenninants of household savings in Lam Dong province. The methodology of the paper is the estimating the saving function of households in Lam Dong province by employing Integrated Model with special focus on the influence of financial development on household savings. The econometric analysis in this empirical study is based on the data from household survey in Lam Dong province. From the total sample size of 203 observations, the regression results show that among variables considered, financial development proxied by the distance to the nearest financial institution, has no significant effect on the volume of household savings. However, six social economic variables, which are educational level, occupation, gender of household head, family size, land size, household income, are found to be strong detenninants of household savings in Lam Dong province. 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . Objectives of the Study . Research Methodology and Data Sources . The Structure of the study .4 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. The Classical Theory . Theory of Keynes . The Relative Income Hypothesis . The Permanent Income Model and Life Cycle Hypothesis . Integrated Theory of Savings . Financial Development and Household Savings . Impact on Opportunities to Save . Impact on the Incentive to Save . FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SAVINGS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE . 16 CHAPTER 3: FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN VIETNAM . FINANCIAL SYSTEM BEFORE FINANCIAL REFORM . Impact on the Incentive to Save . Impact on the Opportunities to Save . FINANCIAL SYSTEM AFTER REFORM . The First Round of Financial Reform, 1988-1991. The Second Round of Financial Reform, 1992- ONWARD . Impact on Incentive to Save . 27 iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Impact on Opportunities to Save . 29 CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS . MODEL SPECIFICATION AND SAMPLING METHOD .5 Method of Data Collection. Findings from the Sample Survey .1 The Ability to Save. Using Financial Institution by Households in Lam Dong province . Change in Using Financial Institutions by Households . The Use of Financial Institutions and Some Selected Indicators of Household Savings . Analysis from the Preferred Saving Forms . The Structure , of Financial Savings . Model and Results . Hypothesis Testing, Explanations of the Empirical Results . 53 CHAPTER 5: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS . SUMMARY OF MAIN EMPIRICAL FINDINGS . Reducing Transaction cost and Creating More Chance For Households To Access To Financial Services . Other Policies Aim at Increasing Household Savings . 64 IV TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES AND APPENDICES: Table 1: Financial Indicators and Domestic Saving in Vietnam before 1988 . 22 Table 2: Financial Development in Vietnam, 1988-1999 . 29 Table 3: Change in Composition of Household Savings, 1993-1998 . 30 Table 4: Saving ratios ofhouseholds in Vietnam, 1993-1998 . 33 Table 5: Distribution of Household Sample,(% households) . 42 Table 6: Changes in the Use of Financial Institutions by households, 1993-2002 . 45 Table 7: The Use of Financial Institutions and Some Selected Indicators of Household Savings .46 Table 8: Distribution of the Most Preferred Savings Forms(% of survey Sample) .48 Table 9: Structure of Households' Financial Savings . 50 Table 10: Results of Least Square Model . 52 Table 11: Results after Dropping Insignificant Variables . 52 Appendix 1: The Increase in Mechanization in Vietnam . 64 Appendix 2: Diagnostic testing of the Models . 65 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1: Real Three-month Deposit annual Interest Rate, (1986-1999) . 25 Figure 2: Interest Rate Spread, Credit to Private Sector and the Broad Money Ratio, 1993-1997.28 Figure 3: Poverty Profile in Lam Dong Province . 41 Figure 4: Structure of Household Savings(% of the sample) .43 Figure 5: Using Financial Institutions(% ofhouseholds) .44 Figure 6: Savings and Loans in Lam Dong province .47 VI TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACRONYMS GDP: Gross Domestic Products GSO: General Static Office OLS: Ordinary Least Square USD: United States Dollar VBARD: Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development VBP: Vietnam Bank for the Poor VLSS: Vietnam Living Standard Survey VND: Vietnam Dong WB: World Bank IMF: International Monetary Fund vii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To complete this MDE program as well as this thesis I have been indebted to so many people that I could not mention them all here. Hereinafter, I would like to express my thanks to those who have helped me in some important ways. First of all, I would like to thank all the staff of Vietnamese-Dutch project for Master in Economic Development for their help during my study time and the Ho Chi Minh Political Academy, where I have worked, for its support and providing the opportunity for me to take this course. I would like to express my gratitude to Pr. Karen Jansen who is the course leader of Banking and Finance. During his course, not only I can achieve the knowledge about the Finance and banking but also I have the opportunity to discuss household saving behavior with him. I would like to thank Dr. Nguyen Trong Hoai, my supervisor, for his helpful comments. Especially, during the time of supervising my thesis, he has also given me useful documents, which are hard to find in Vietnam. Without these documents, the thesis would have taken a longer time to finish. I am much in debt to Dr. Gabrielle Berman and Dr. Youdhi Schipper who corrected my thesis and guided me into the right way of doing the thesis. The fulfillment of this thesis perhaps is an end of my study in this program, but the image of Dr. Youdhi Schipper going with us into every single household in Hoi An to guide us on how to conduct a household survey as well as to show us how to analyze the collected data is definitely everlasting in my memory. I am much in debt to Dr. Haroon Akram Lodhi, the Project Leader.A study course, he has taught me not only the methodology but also the honest intellectual ways of doing a thesis. Without his contribution, the thesis could not have been successful. Finally, I would like to thank to my mother, late father, sisters and brothers for their love, support and encouragement. viii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. Problem Statement Interest in the study of household savings is increasing, especially in developing countries where thousands of people live in poverty and the problem of capital shortage is severe. According to Waheed (1996), a low level of household income reflecting low productivity caused by the lack of capital investment, will result in low saving rates. Low saving rates, as a culprit of scarce investment capital, in turn will lead to a low level of income and therefore poverty and low savings again. That is how the cycle of household poverty works. For Vietnam, the study about determinants of household savings is important for following reasons: First, from the perspective of savings-investment gap, with the objective to tum the Vietnamese economy to industrialized and modernized country by the year 2020, Vietnam needs a huge amount of capital for investment. However, most of the rural enterprises in Vietnam have long been facing a serious capital shortage: only 12-15 percent of rural enterprises can access capital from formal financial institutions. Three quarters of enterprises claim that they desire to bonow capital to expand and maintain their business. More than half of Vietnam's population has not been served by the financial system (World Bank, 1998). There are two ways that Vietnam can solve the problem of lack investment capital, either by increasing domestic savings or by increasing foreign savings. However, there is general agreement thaTin the early stages of economic development, developing countries can rely on foreign savings to reduce their savings-investment gap in order to develop their economies. The purpose of using foreign savings to increase domestic income (and therefore to increase domestic savings) after all is to achieve sustainable development and to reduce the dependence on foreign countries. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development, domestic savings sources play a decisive role. The important role of domestic savings in achieving stable economic growth is obvious for the case of Vietnam The practical experience from previous years showed that a sharp reduction of foreign direct investment as a consequence of the Asian crises caused the problem of capital shortage in Vietnam to be more severe, widened budget deficit and resulted in slowing the Vietnamese economic growth rate (World Bank, 1997; O'Connor, 2000; Akram- Lodhi and Sepehri, 2002). Financing investment by borrowing foreign capital is also not easy for Vietnam because Vietnam is considered as one of the severely indebted low-income countries with limited debt service capacity (World Bank, 1997). Accessing foreign aid is not easy too because in order to receive aid, Vietnam should meet many conditions set by its donors. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Domestic savings sources include government savings and private savings (Qian, 1988). However, it is difficult to increase government savings because most of State owned enterprises in Vietnam operate inefficiently (World Bank, 1997). Private savings include household savings and corporate (business) savings. However, in Vietnam most of eighty- percent private businesses are household-based (Leung and Riedel, 2002). In the context of the Vietnamese economy, the increasing household income would lead to the stable and permanent increase in domestic savings, which will supply a stable source of investment capital to achieve sustainable economic growth (World Bank, 1997). Therefore, from the perspective of the savings-investment gap and from the context of a capital-scarce economy like Vietnam, the study about determinants of household savings in order to fmd solutions for increasing savings is important. Second, from the perspective of poverty alleviation, the study about determinants of household savings is important. The justification for this argument is based on ground that the lack of capital due to low savings has prevented rural households from adopting modem agricultural technology and engaging in income generating activities. This results in a vicious cycle of low productivity, low income, and then low savings of the rural households (Hung, 1999). Therefore, high savings allows households to insure against uncertain income, unforeseen risks such as natural disasters, sickness, and volatile agricultural prices in order to break out of the vicious cycle of poverty (Asian Development Bank, 1996). It is worth noting that, an increase in the volume of household savings is only a necessary condition to achieve economic growth. The sufficient condition to achieve economic growth is how to channel savings into investment to generate economic growth and to reduce proportion of idle savings. For Vietnam, channeling household savings into investment is extremely important to resolve the contradiction that the economy is capital scarce while households keep their savings in idle holdings and unproductive assets.

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