Nghiên cứu về các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến động lực nhân viên trong ngành khách sạn tại TP.HCM

Nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến động lực làm việc của nhân viên trong ngành khách sạn tại TP.HCM, cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc và giải pháp hiệu quả.

Chuyên ngành

Business Administration

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2013

87
3
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGE

ABSTRACT

1. CONTENTS

2. RESEARCH BACKGROUND

3. SCOPE OF THIS STUDY

4. RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

5. RESEARCH STRUCTURE

5.1. Chapter 2 – Literature review

5.1.1. Definition of motivation

5.1.2. Theories of motivation

5.1.2.1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
5.1.2.2. McClelland’s Need Theory
5.1.2.3. Herzberg’s two-factor theory
5.1.2.4. Alderfer’s ERG theory
5.1.2.5. Equity theory
5.1.2.6. Expectancy theory
5.1.2.7. Theory X and theory Y
5.1.2.8. Goal setting theory
5.1.2.9. Job Characteristics Model

5.1.3. Previous researches in hospitality industry and identifying significant motivational factors

5.2. Chapter 3 – Research method

5.2.1. Research process

5.2.2. Measurement scale

5.2.3. The pilot test

5.2.4. The main research

5.3. Chapter 4 – Data analysis

5.3.1. Sample description

5.3.2. Measurement scale data analysis

5.3.3. Regression analysis

5.3.4. Evaluating the impact of personal characteristic on employee motivation

5.4. Chapter 5 – Conclusion and Recommendation

5.4.1. Research findings

5.4.2. Implications

5.4.3. Research limitation and recommendations for future research

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY HUYNH NHAT PHUONG FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEES’ MOTIVATION IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN HO CHI MINH CITY MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MAJOR CODE: 60340102 MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMISTRATION THESIS SUPERVISOR: DR. TRAN HA MINH QUAN HO CHI MINH CITY, JANUARY 2013 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 1 ACKNOWLEDGE Firstly, I would like to express my appreciate to my research supervisor, Dr. Tran Ha Minh Quan for his support, suggesting, guidance during time of my dissertation. Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Nguyen Dinh Tho for his effort in thoroughly guidance, encourage and support to every student throughout two-year-course. Thirdly, this research was contributed by my classmates, my colleagues, and was moral assisted by my family. I would like to send my deepest thank to them. Last, ISB staff did helped, supported with their best for convenience of MBUS 2010. I appreciate very much for their contribution to my present result. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2 ABSTRACT Within 10 years, hotel industry in Ho Chi Minh city has developed impressively and has quite highly demanded in employing labor force. Working environment is stable and professional is one of many attractive points of hotels, but it contains many characteristics which may demotivate employees. Motivating staff to work better, more efficient is always one of business goals, especially in this special industry. This study aims to investigate which factor affecting to hotel employee’s motivation. The result showed that recognition, development, supervisor and promotion are four factors which affecting to hotel employee’s motivation in Ho Chi Minh city context. Keywords: employee motivation, hotel industry, recognition, Ho Chi Minh city TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3 Contents ACKNOWLEDGE . 3 List Of Tables . 5 List of Figures . 6 List of Exhibits . Scope of this study . Definition of Motivation . Previous researches about motivation in hospitality industry and identifying hypotheses in this study. 24 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.3 The qualitative pilot research .1 Descriptive statistics of sample .2 The construct measurement scale . Cronbach’s Alpha results of each measurement . Exploratory Factor Analysis .Adjustment of hypotheses and research model . Verification the different level of motivation in personal characteristics. Discussion about findings . CONSLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . Limitations and recommendation for future researches . 57 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 5 List Of Tables Table 2. A Reorganization of Maslow's and Alderfer's Hierarchies . Summary of factors affecting to employees’ motivation in hotel industry . Scales of Management . Scale of Working conditions . Scale of Recognition . Scale of Development . Scale of Motivation . Demographic Statistics of the Respondents . Cronbach’s Alpha results of each measurement . KMO and Bartlett’s test for independent variables . KMO and Bartlett’s test for dependent variables . Pearson Correlation Coefficient .6 Summary output of Regression Analysis . Summary output of Regression Analysis after remove one factor .8 Personal characteristics and employee’s motivation . 45 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 6 List of Figures Figure 2. Adjusted research model . 38 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 7 List of Exhibits Exhibit 2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs . The Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory . Equity theory ratios . A diagram of Theory X and Theory Y . Job Charactersitics Model . 60 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.1 Research background Tourism industry plays a significant role in Vietnamese economic structure. According to Grant Thornton Vietnam, in 2012 tourism market has welcomed more than six million foreign travellers, which increases 19.1% compared with last year data. That result has contributed to general development of hotel industry. This field had been attracting nearly 11 billion USD with 247 projects up to 2009; ranked the 3rd after industrial processing, manufacturing and real estate. The more development in hotel industry, the more demand of labor force in this field. But hotel industry is a kind of service industry, whose products created from human’s contact, owned unique characteristics. Seasonableness is a stand out characteristic, which influences to labor force in this field. In the peak period, hotels need a large amount of labor force, working with high productivity. But in low season, they keep a few permanent employees. The consequence is an unstable labor force, demotivated part-time employees and negative influence to performance of permanent staff. Customer target in hotel is tourists, who come from different countries, which owned different cultures, hobbits, customs, etc. Servers, who directly contact with customers, need to understand their requirements in order to assure quality service. The consequence is the stressful job toward servers. In addition, employees in hotel are required to work in high specialization, under high pressure of discipline, together with sensibility, accuracy and consistency. For those above characteristics, labor force in hotel is likely to leave when they are under high pressure and demotivated from management team. High staff turnover is a common and costly problem in hotel industry. Reasons include such as low pay, antisocial working hours, menial work and limited career opportunities (Xander Lub et al 2012, cited in Barron, 2008; Davidson et al., 2011; Kusluvan and Kusluvan, 2000; Walsh and Taylor, 2007). An organization will be forced to invest million dollars in recruiting, orientating, training, etc. if they own an unstable workforce. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 9 Without continuity in customer relationship, organization does not have customer loyalty, stressful management, conflict happens easily and low efficiency. Those make difficult for company to compete on marketplace. Hence, constructing a good policy to motivate and retain good performance employees, who can create unique experiences and relationships with customers, is an important mission. A stable workforce is a significant competitive advantage. “Customer relationships are stronger when an organization’s workforce is stable and customers can depend on the company people – the continuity of their product knowledge, industry experience and proven performance. There have many researches, conducted in many countries, found out factors affecting to employees’ motivation in hotel industry in general. With a speed-up in developing hotels, needs of recruiting new employees and retain good performance ones, studying about motivation in hotel in Vietnam is necessary in order to improve competitive advantage in market. This study raises research objectives about creating motivation in hotel industry.What factors affecting to employees’ motivation in hotel industry in Ho Chi Minh City? 2. How does each factor affect to employee’s motivation? 1. Research objectives The goal of this research are as below - To determine factors affecting employees’ motivation in hotel industry in Ho Chi Minh city. - To evaluate how each factor affects to working motivation. - To determine the impact of personal characteristics such as: gender, age, education level, experience, contract type and hotel standards to employee motivation. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Scope of this study This research will be conducted in hotel businesses in Ho Chi Minh City, included 4 or 5-star hotels and other under 4-star hotels. The interviewees will be employees who working in variety departments such as: food and beverage, front office, finance, human resource, etc. Research contribution This research has contributed to measurement system of working motivation level in hotel industry. In reality, this research will help Managers who working in hotel industry in decision making in human resource management, creating appropriate decisions in managing, in order to increase productivities and employees’ motivation level. Otherwise, the result of this research has contributed to human resources management researches in overall and in hotel industry. Research structure This study includes four chapters after chapter 1 Introduction, as below: Chapter 2 – Literature review : this chapter includes Definition of motivation, theories of motivation, previous researches in hospitality industry and identifying significant motivational factors in this paper Chapter 3 – Research method: this chapter consists research process, measurement scale, the pilot test and the main research which was conducted. Chapter 4 – Data analysis: this chapter describes how each measurement scale was evaluated and the result of testing hypothesis. It consists of sample description, measurement scale data analysis, regression analysis and evaluating the impact of personal characteristic on employee motivation. Chapter 5 – Conclusion and Recommendation: this chapter presents brief description about research findings and some of implications has mentioned. At the TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 11 end, research limitation and recommendations for future research have presented as well. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review consists of Definition of motivation, Theories of motivation; Previous researches in hospitality industry and identifying significant motivational factors in this paper. Definition of Motivation Motivation is defined as “a process that starts with a physiological deficiency or need that activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal incentive” (Luthans, 1998). According to Spector (2003), motivation is “an internal state that induces a person to engage in particular behaviors”. Pinder (1998) describes work motivation as the set of internal and external forces that initiate work-related behavior, and determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration. The definition recognizes the influence of both environment forces (e. organizational reward systems, the nature of the work being performed) and forces inherent in the person (e. individual needs and motives) on work-related behavior. In generally, most of definitions of motivation are related to unsatisfied needs of employees, under influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, forces employees to engage to a particular behavior in order to reach their goals and satisfy their needs. The psychology of motivation is tremendously complex (Herzberg, 1987). Theories about motivation were developed and became popularly in practice as below.1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper “A theory of Human Motivation”. Maslow believed that at least five sets of goals which can be referred to as basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization (Exhibit 2. The implication from this TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 13 theory is useful for managers and organization leaders. For example, there has a advice for managers is finding ways of motivating employees by devising programs or practices aimed at satisfying emerging or unmet needs. Another way is implementing support programs and focus groups to help employees deal with stress, especially during more challenging time. McClelland’s Need Theory In the publication “The Achieving Society” in 1961, McClelland described the theory of needs focusing on three needs: achievement, power and affiliation. The need for achievement was defined as the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed. The need of power was defined as the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise. The need for affiliation was defined as the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships. McClelland proposed that high achievers are more likely to be successful entrepreneurs. The need of affiliation suggested that people have the desire to spend time in social relationships, join group, and wanting to be loved. The need of power reflects an individual’s desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve. Herzberg’s two-factor theory The Two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and Dual-Factor Theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. It was developed by Frederick Herzberg, a psychologist, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other (Herzberg, 1959). Two-factor theory distinguishes between: - Motivators (satisfaction): five factors stood out as strong determiners of job satisfaction:  Achievement TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 14  Recognition  Work itself  Responsibility  Advancement - Hygiene factors (dissatisfaction): the determinants of job dissatisfaction were found to be:  Company policy  Administrative policies  Supervision  Salary  Interpersonal relations  Working conditions According to Herzberg, the factors leading to Job Satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to Job Dissatisfaction.

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