VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VNU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE NAKHONEKHAM XAYBOUANGEUN SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY USING ACTIVATED SLUDGE REACTOR FOLLOWED BY CYPERUSMALACENSIS LAM. CONSTRUCTED WETLAND MASTER THESIS HANOI, 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VNU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE NAKHONEKHAM XAYBOUANGEUN SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY USING ACTIVATED SLUDGE REACTOR FOLLOWED BY CYPERUSMALACENSIS LAM. CONSTRUCTED WETLAND MASTER THESIS Supervisor: Dr. HOANG VAN HA HANOI, 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Table of Contents Abstract .7 List of tables .8 List of figures.10 Objectives of Study .10 Chapter 1: Review of the literature.
Wastewater from food processing factory. Classify and design. Wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands. Removing of organic materials.27 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.27 Chapter 2: Materials and method.
Chemicals and equipment. Aeration tank design. Flow rate optimization of the pretreatment system. Procedures and analysis method.
Determination of COD. Determination of ammonium by colorimetric method with Nessler indicator. Determination of NO2- concentration in water by colorimetric method with Griss reagent. Determination of NO3- concentration.
Determination of phosphorus by mean of optical measurement with reagents Amonimolipdat-vanadate. Results and discussions. Continuous treatment – retention time optimization .45 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.55 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Abstract Wastewater from squid processing has high content of organic pollutants, but low fat oil and grease content (FOG). Wastewater of the company was found to have a COD of 800-2500mg/L depending on the time of the day.
Ammonium, phosphate content were much higher the limit of TCVN 5945-2005 (type B). Anaerobic treatment in a batch reactor required long retention time. After 9 days, COD value reduced from 2546 to 1973 mg/L that didn’t meet requirement of constructed wetland (CW) input. Aerobic treatment in batch reactor quickly reduced COD value to 200-400mg/L in less than a day.
In an activated sludge continuous reactor, COD value reduced more than 80% in 12.7 hours, longer retention time didn’t help to lower COD content. Ammonium, nitrate, nitrite contents in all set retention times were acceptable for CW. Two species of Limnophila and Cyperus genera have potential of using in constructed wetland (CW). Results showed that they met the conditions of high organic matter and salt content of wastewater.
Both systems using these plants were equivalent in reducing COD value and phosphorous, achieved percentage 60%, 68%, respectively. The species of Limnophila genus advantaged in treating ammonium, nitrite, nitrate ions, achieved 66. Biomass of the selected plants could take into account as food for animal and materials of handicraft. Constructed wetland (CW) was cultivated Cyperus Malaccensis Lam.
Hydraulic loading rate was controlled approximately 135mm/day. Percentage of nutrition conversion of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorous was stable according to the time. The system had high effect in removing ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorous, 80. Output concentrations met requirements of the Vietnamese standard QCVN 11:2008.
COD value was reduced from 300-400mg/L to 91. The presence of anammox strain could cause reducing concentration of nitrite remarkably. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Acknowledgement I would like to thank the government of German, German Acadeic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst, DAAD), the University of Technology Dresden, Germany and Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (HUS, VNU) for scholarship of the Master’s program. My sincere thanks also due to the Prime Minister’s Office, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Lao P.R for the kind permission offered me to study.
I would like to express the profound gratitude and the great appreciation to my advisor Dr. Hoang Van Ha for his excellent guidance, excellent encouragement and valuable suggestions throughout this study. Special appreciation is extended to Prof. Bui Duy Cam, Prof.
Bernd Bilitewski, Prof. Nguyen Thi Diem Trang and committee members for their valuable recommendation and dedicated the valuable time to evaluate my work and my study here during I was being a HUS, VNU student. The experiments have been conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, HUS. I gratefully thanks are extended to the staff members for offering lots of the good laboratory instruments, especially Prof.
Trinh Le Hung and Ms. Vu Thi Bich Ngoc. Gratefully acknowledgement is extended to Hanoi University of Science, VNU for providing the scholarship and giving me opportunity to pursue the study in here. Thanks are due to all friends, the Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment program staff members and colleagues in HUS for their full cooperation during the experiment and for encouragement.
During studying in HUS, I felt very lucky, it gives me the opportunity to have lots of good friends, good memory, so I would like to say thanks and pleasure to meet all of you, even though we came from different country, but we can make friend together. I hope and wish that we would be working together and meet each other again in future. 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Finally, I would like to express deep appreciation to my lovely family, my beloved family and relatives for their love, kind support, and encouragement for the success of this study. This thesis is dedicated for you.
6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Abbreviations ABS: Absorptance ADP: Adenosine Di phosphate AMP: Adenosine Mono Phosphate ATP: Adenosine Tri Phosphate CW: Constructed Wetland DAAD: Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (German Academic Exchange Service) COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand FWS: Free Water Surface HLR: Hydraulic loading rate HUS: Hanoi University of Science SF: Subsurface Flow TSS: Total Suspended Solids TCVN: Vietnamese standard QCVN: Vietnamese guide VNU: Vietnam National University, Hanoi 7 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of tables Table 1-1. Pollution Remove Mechanisms in constructed wetlands (Cooper et al…1997) ………. Flow rate and corresponding retention time and continuous operation conditions. Data of standard curve NH4+.
Data of NO2- standard curve. Results of standard NO3- ………. Results of standard PO43- ………. Anaerobic treatment from May 13th, 2011 to May 17th, 2011 and May 19th, 2011 to May 28th 2011……….42 8 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of figures Figure 1-1.
Basic types of Constructed Wetlands ………………………. Schematic cross-section of a horizontal flow constructed wetland ……………………………………………………………. Schematic cross-section of a vertical flow constructed wetland…. Emergent plants: (a) Bulrush, (b) Cattail, (c) Reeds Submerged….
Nitrogen transformation in wetland system……………. Phosphorus cycling in a FWS wetland …. Laboratory wastewater treatment systems ……………. Constructed wetland design ………………………………….
Two species of Limnophila (b) and Cyperus (a) genera ………………31 Figure 2-4. Standard curve of NH4+ ………………………………………………. Standard curve of NO2+ ………………………………………………. Standard curve of NO3- ……………………………………………….
Standard curve of PO43- ………………………………………………. COD value changing in aeration tanks ……………………………….43 Figure 3-2: Changing trend of ammonia (a), nitrite (b), nitrat (c), and phosphorous equivalent (d) content. Effect of retention time on the COD value of effluent ………………. Effect of retention time on ammonium (a), nitrate (b), nitrite (c), phosphate (d) removal.
Percentage of COD reduction in Limnophila basin and Cyperus basin……………. Amoni, nitrit, nitrat treatment of Cyperus (sedge) and Limnophila genera. Phosphorous treatment of Cyperus (sedge) and Limnophila genera. 48 Figure 3-8: Percentages of COD (a), ammonium (c), nitrite (e), nitrate (g), phosphate equivalent reduction; Column graphs b, d, f, h, i show average contents of these parameters according to 4 levels; the straight line scatter showed removal effect according to 4 levels.51 9 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Introduction Currently, although Vietnam authorities and organizations have tried much in implementing the policies and legislations on the environmental protection, the situation of polluted environment is still a very worrying issue.
With rapid speed of industrialization and urbanization, the population growth has increasingly caused severe pressure on water resources in the territories. Water source in many urban areas, industrial zones and trade villages has been increasingly polluted. In big cities, hundreds of industrial production cause of the polluting of the water source as there is no waste treatment equipment or plant. Water pollution caused by industrial production is very serious.
With abundant marine resources, seafood industry plays an important role in the economy of Vietnam. But seafood processing factories are also the major sources of pollutant to surrounding environment especially to water and soil if the wastewater is not treated properly. Conventional wastewater treatment system with aero-tank, sedimentation, disinfection in almost seafood processing plants in south of Vietnam gives unstable output with BOD, COD, nitrogen-total many times higher than allowed values of Vietnamese Standards (Department of Natural resources and environment of Hochiminh City). Therefore, with given reasons, using constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater in seafood processing is realistic and necessary at the moment situation of Vietnam.
Objectives of Study - Using constructed wetland to treat seafood processing wastewater, - Optimization pretreatment system for constructed wetland - Selecting suitable vegetation for local environment to plant in constructed wetland. 10 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 1: Review of the literature The most common treatment process consists of chemical physical treatment step, and biological treatment step depending on the composition of the wastewater. Biological wastewater treatment process is more commonly used because of its high efficiency in organic matter removal. Constructed wetland system relies on the biodiversity process due to the plant and microorganisms.
Wastewater from food processing factory Seafood processing wastewater contains highly concentrated pollutants, including suspended solids, organics and nutrients. These may deteriorate the quality of the aquatic environments into which they are discharged (Sirianuntapiboon and Nimnu, 1999). To avoid this impact, treatment of seafood processing wastewater before discharge has been proposed. A candidate method of treatment is constructed wetland.
Wetlands have significant merits of low capital and operating costs compare with conventional system as activated sludge, aerated lagoon system and so on (Hammer et al., 1993; Cronk, 1996; Kadlec and Knight, 1996; Hill and Sobesy, 1998; Humenik et al., 1999; Neralla et al., 2000; Szogy et al. And the growth of non-food crops in a closed hydroponic system, using wastewater as nutrient solution, could solve in an ecologically acceptable way the wastewater problem and in the meantime produce biofuels, or other products useful for industry (Mavrogianopoulos et al. Constructed wetlands have been widely used in treating different types of contaminant found in domestic sewage, storm water, various industrial wastewaters, agricultural runoff, acid mine drainage and landfill leachate (Green and Martin, 1996; Vrhovsek et al., 1996; Higgins et al., 1993; Karathanasis and Thompson, 1995; Bernard and Lauve, 1995). Natural treatment systems have been shown to have a significant capacity for both wastewater treatment and resource recovery (Hofmann, 1996; Ciria et al., 2005; Reed et al.
The wetland system was usually applied as the tertiary treatment due to the high solids content and organic matter concentration of the raw wastewater (Kadlec and Knight, 1996). 11 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. General information Constructed wetlands are engineered systems that have been designed and constructed to utilize the natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial assemblages to assist in treating wastewater (Vymazal, J. Constructed wetland technology is more widespread in industrialized countries due to more stringent discharge standards, finance availability, change in tendency to use on-site technologies instead of centralized systems, and the existing pool of experience and knowledge based on science and practical works (Korkusuz et.
Constructed wetlands are becoming increasingly common features emerging in landscapes across the globe. Although similar in appearance to natural wetland systems (especially marsh ecosystems), they are usually created in areas that would not naturally support such systems to facilitate contaminant or pollution removal from wastewater or runoff (Hammer, 1992; and Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). According to Lim et. (2003), the constructed wetlands have higher tendency o remove pollutants such as organic matters, suspended solids, heavy metal and other pollutants simultaneously.
Some of the studies show that the ability of wetland systems to effectively reduce total suspended solid, biochemical oxygen demand (Watson et al.