STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF ACCOUNTING –AUDITING GRADUATION THESIS ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS AT MINH HOANG TRADING AND TRANSPORTATION LIMITED COMPANY Student: Tran Thi Minh Anh Student ID: 19A4020067 Class: K19CLC-KTA Supervisor: PhD. Nguyen Bich Ngoc Hanoi, June 2020 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis “Accounting procedures for Tangible Fixed Assets in Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company” is my own research work, conducted on the basis of theoretical research, specialized knowledge, practical situation surveys. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Banking Academy teachers. Especially, my research would have been impossible without valuable and insightful advices from my supervisor - PhD.
Nguyen Bich Ngoc. I am profoundly grateful for her guidance throughout the thesis writing process. I would also like to extend my thanks to The Board of Directors as well as the Finance and Accounting Department of Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company for supporting and instructing me to practice at the company. In the process of finalizing this thesis, although I have made the utmost effort, there might still be mistakes.
I sincerely look forward to teachers‟ guidance in favor of improving the thesis. ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. 1 CHAPTER 1: BASIC THEORY OF ACCOUNTING FOR TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS IN ENTERPRISES. Overview of Fixed Assets.
Definition and characteristics. Management requirements and tasks of accounting for Tangible Fixed Assets. Classification of Fixed Assets. Evaluation of Tangible Fixed Assets.
Accounting of Tangible Fixed Assets in enterprises. Detailed accounting for Tangible Fixed Assets. General accounting for Tangible Fixed Assets. Accounting of depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets.
Definition of depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets. Principles of depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets. Methods of depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets. Accounting for repair, maintenance and revaluation of Tangible Fixed Assets.
Accounting for repair, maintenance of Tangible Fixed Assets. Counting and re-evaluating Tangible Fixed Assets. The arising events after initial recognition. VAS 23- Events after balance sheet date.
VAS 29 - Changes in accounting policies, accounting estimates and errors. Accounting forms applied in accounting Tangible Fixed Assets. 25 CHAPTER 2: CURRENT SITUATION OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS AT MINH HOANG TRADING AND TRANSPORTATION LIMITED COMPANY. Overview of Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company.
History of establishment and development of Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Functions, missions and specialized business sector. The organizational management structure of the enterprise. Performance indicators of Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company.
Implementation of accounting practice in Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Organization of the accounting apparatus. Applying accounting regimes and policies in Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Current situation of accounting procedure for Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company.
Characteristics of accounting Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Detailed accounting for Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. General accounting for Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Accounting for depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets.
Accounting for repair and maintenance of Tangible Fixed Assets. The arising events related to Tangible Fixed Assets after initial recognition. Assessment of the current accounting procedures for Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. 67 CHAPTER 3: COMPLETING THE ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS AT MINH HOANG TRADING AND TRANSPORTATION LIMITED COMPANY.
Development orientation of Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. The need to complete accounting procedures for Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Solutions to complete accounting procedures for Tangible Fixed Assets at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation Limited Company. Solutions to deal with existing disadvantages.
Solutions to improve the efficiency of using and management Tangible Fixed Assets. Recommendations to improve current accounting standards – an approach to harmonization and convergence. IAS 16- Property, Plant and Equipment and VAS 03- Tangible Fixed Assets. IFRS 16- Lease Accounting.
83 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION No Abbreviation Original words 1 FA Fixed Asset (s) 2 TFA Tangible Fixed Asset (s) 3 FV Fair Value 4 AD Accumulated depreciation 5 RV Residual Value 6 CIT Corporate Income Tax 7 VAT Value Added Tax 8 EBIT Earnings Before Interests and Taxes 9 VAS Vietnamese Accounting Standards 10 IAS International Accounting Standards 11 IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards 12 LTD Limited Company v LIST OF DIAGRAMS, TABLES AND DOCUMENTS * List of Diagrams: Diagram 1. Accounting for increase in TFA purchased outside by the mode of deferred or installment payment. Accounting for increase in TFA purchased outside which used in production and business activities (Tax credit method). Accounting for increase in TFA purchased in the form of exchange.
Accounting for increase in self-manufactured TFA. Accounting for increase in TFA due to capital construction. Accounting for decrease in TFA used in production and business activities due to liquidation or sale. Accounting for decrease in TFA due to conversion into tools and supplies.
Accounting for decrease in TFA used from bonus and welfare fund due to liquidation or sale. Accounting for decrease in TFA due to contributing capital into other enterprises. Accounting for depreciation of FA. Process of recording accounting books in the form of General Journal.
Computerised accounting form. Organization management structure of Minh Hoang Trading&Transportation LTD. Organization of the accounting apparatus in Minh Hoang Trading&Transportation LTD. Errors correction procedure of Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation LTD.
62 * List of Tables Table 2. Performance indicators of Minh Hoang Trading & Transportation LTD. Financial ratios of Minh Hoang Trading & Transportation LTD. Purchase details of Liebher crawler crane.
Retrospective adjustment on 2018 financial statements. Retrospective adjustment on 2019 financial statements. Accelerated depreciation method…………………………………………. Budget for costs of using FA………………………………………….
Comparison between IAS 16 and VAS 03………………………….…………78 vi * List of Documents Document 2. Minutes of hand over of FA. FA book at using department………………………………………. Declaration of imported goods.
Payment to Tax Authorities. General Journal record increase in FA……………………………………45 Document 2. Ledger Ledger record increase in FA……………………………………. Decision on Liquidation of FA.
Minutes of liquidation of FA. VAT invoice of FA liquidation‟s transaction. General Journal recording decrease in FA. General Ledger recording decrease in FA.
Summary of FA cost and depreciation amount. FA depreciation spread sheet……………………………………………. General Journal recording depreciation of FA. General Ledger recording depreciation of FA.
Summary of AD according to each FA type……………………………. Confirmation on damages of FA. List of FA‟s repair and maintenance expenses. VAT invoice of FA repair and maintenance.
General Journal recording FA‟s repair and maintenance transaction. General Ledger recording FA‟s repair and maintenance transaction. Extract of Notes to Financial Statement. 61 vii INTRODUCTION Rationale On the road of integration into the global economy, Vietnam has emerged as a promising economic market that brings tremendous opportunities but simultaneously puts pressure on Vietnamese enterprises.
When attempting to gain a foothold on the increasingly competitive markets, it is not only the external factors such as the target to strengthen institutional and regulatory framework to create a transparent and fair investing environment, policies to constantly improve infrastructure but also the internal characteristics like economic situation should be taken into account. For businesses, proving the financial potential is certainly of great importance. In this regard, the most effective tool to reflect as well as manage the financial position of the business is accounting. In terms of financial position, beside other important items, investment on FA is an indicator of business‟s health, frequently plays a critical role when coming to assess businesses‟ actual value.
Likewise, accounting for FA correctly would give an insight to the real picture of the businesses; pave the way for managers and investors to make rational decisions. As a result, the accounting procedure of FA has always been a major concern of the businesses and government agencies in compliance inspection. As for Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation LTD, the company is operating in leasing FA field and TFA account for a large proportion of the total assets in the company. The accounting process of the company recognizes many transactions related to fluctuations of FA.
In acknowledgement of the importance and impact of FA as well as the company characteristics, I have chosen: "Accounting procedure of TFA in Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation LTD” as the thesis topic. Literature review The significant importance of TFA for the financial state of an enterprise and its activity results has been clearly indicated in Daiva. TFA provide specific economic benefits for the enterprise and are intersted by not only managers, 1 but also external information users, such as investors, banks, insurance companies, tax authorities, economics experts,. in terms of composition, structure, technical condition.
Findings in Adegbite (2014) showed that there is a strong positive relationship between accounting record keeping and performance of enterprises. Business adjustment and records help to improve business efficiency and productivity for effective business performance. Furthermore, due to the financial crises of the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries, investors have largely lost their trust in earning and its quality seeing their own capital or that of others being lost. Therefore, besides measuring quality of earnings, it is revealed in Dastgir.
(2014) that considering TFA is also important since earnings quality has certain effect to TFA. Therefore, accurate accounting and appropriate application of TFA is one of priorities when coming to evaluate the value of each enterprise. However, in current ever-changing context, the obvious challenges in proper adoption of accounting standards such as: profeesional level of accountants, discrepancies in accouting standards (Linh. In eaxmination of diferences in accounting standards, specifically for TFA, the study of Binh.D (2014) has provided guidance for the accounting regime of TFA, from which to propose solutions to improvement.
On the basis of acquiring and applying these solutions, this research paper will clarify the accounting process of TFA in a medium-sized enterprise and offer practical solutions. Objectives of the thesis Subsequent to summarize the literature review of TFA accounting procedure and the current situation in Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation LTD, make assessments about advantages and disadvantages of the process then propose solutions, recommendations to complete the FA accounting procedure. 2 Scope of the thesis The research scope of the project involves the accounting process of TFA in the leasing enterprise- Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation LTD in the period from 2017-2019. This thesis would likely focus on the accounting treatment of Account 2111- TFA.
Research question The thesis is implemented to answer the following questions: How are the accounting procedures of FA at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation carried out? How should the company and the States improve the current situation? The sources of data collection Research source is secondary data provided by the company's Finance and Accounting department and other online reference sources. Research method Investigate, collect data, take notes, research, examine documents, books, financial statements of the company. The data is collected and processed, used as the basis for the actual analysis of the company's operations. Structure of the thesis The thesis is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1: Basic theory of accounting for TFA in enterprises Chapter 2: Current situation of accounting procedures for TFA at Minh Hoang Trading and Transportation LTD Chapter 3: Completing the accounting procedures for TFA 3 CHAPTER 1: BASIC THEORY OF ACCOUNTING FOR TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS IN ENTERPRISES 1.
Overview of Fixed Assets 1. Definition and characteristics - Definition: FA are long-term investments of enterprises aiming to form material (TFA) or non-material facilities (intangible FA) for the production and business process. This thesis would mainly discuss TFA in enterprises.