MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY — HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EFFECT OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR ON DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF PORCINE EMBRYOS FROM SMALL FOLLICLES Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student’s name : NGUYEN THANH NGAN Student’s ID : 17126086 Year : 2017 - 2021 Thu Duc City, 03/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY — HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EFFECT OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR ON DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF PORCINE EMBRYOS FROM SMALL FOLLICLES Scientific advisor Student’s name NGUYEN NGOC TAN, PhD NGUYEN THANH NGAN Thu Duc City, 03/2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to thank all teachers in Nong Lam University, especially those from the Faculty of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment for helping me complete this study program. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Nguyen Ngoc Tan, who has always been a motivator, an instructor and makes every effort possible to help me complete my thesis. I am extremely grateful for his patience when correcting and giving me suggestions continuously for my thesis.
Without his encouragement and guidance, I could not complete my study and gain the knowledge. I am also thankful to Ut Hao slaughterhouse for supporting me to collect the pig ovaries. Thanks should also go to Center of Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH) — School of Medicine — Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City for providing imaging equipment. I could have not undertaken this journey without the financial support from my parents.
Also, their belief in me kept me motivated and focused during this process. Many thanks to my friends and lab mates for helping me out in their abilities, for the sleepless nights we were working together before deadlines, for all the fun we had in those years at this university. Last but not least, I want to thank me for never quitting, for believing in myself, for doing all these hard works and for having no days off. DECLARATION My name is Nguyễn Thanh Ngân, student’s ID: 17126086, class: DH17SHA (Phone number: 0898410381, Email: 17126086@st.vn) majoring in Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University — Ho Chi Minh City.
This is my undergraduate thesis that is conducted by myself. All data and information in this thesis are completely honest and objective. I take full responsibility in front of the committee for these commitments. Thu Duc City, March 17", 2023 Student’s signature Nguyễn Thanh Ngân il ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of VEGF protein supplementation in the maturation culture medium on nuclear maturation rate and further parthenogenetic activation of embryos of porcine oocytes derived from small follicles.
COCs Œ 2 layers) were collected from MF and SF for IVM in 44h. The result showed that the nuclear maturation rate from MF-derived oocytes was significantly higher than SF-derived oocytes (73. In addition, supplementing various VEGF concentrations (62.5; 125; 250 ng/ml) during [VM improved nuclear maturation rate from SF group (56. After IVM, matured oocytes were parthenogenetically activated with 7% ethanol, treated with 2.5 HM 6-DMAP, and cultured in PZM-3.
The cleavage and blastocyst formation were observed after 24h and 168h, respectively. The result indicated that the cleavage and blastocyst rate of SF group increased directly proportional to the concentrations of VEGF, especially at 250 ng/ml of VEGF (71.1%, respectively), showed no significant difference as compared to MF group cultured in non-VEGF (79. Furthermore, the effect of stage-dependent supplementation of VEGF during IVM on nuclear maturation, cleavage rate, and blastocyst formation of SF group has been recorded. The percentage of nuclear maturation was highest in SF group supplemented with VEGF during the first 22h of IVM (73.9%), then group treated for 44h (71.5%) and none treated group (45.
Meanwhile, no significant difference between none treated MF group (74.6%), first 22h and 44h group after IVM was observed. In the treated groups with 250 ng/mL VEGF, the cleavage and blastocysts rate in SF group for 44h (70.4%; respectively) and first 22h (74.3%; respectively) also showed no significant difference to MF group without VEGF (79. In conclusion, supplementation of 250 ng/ml of VEGF during IVM and supplementing VEGF during the first 22h or 44h of IVM enhanced the rate of the nuclear maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst formation of oocytes derived from small follicles. Keywords: in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation, porcine oocytes, small follicles, VEGF 1H TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 08.
1 ID SIR AAT OOIN ssc oscar ipa aia edt oven rain aT Tale 1 DBS TRANG I, sacssssgannbseDsstistEe9gpg8ET0SSI8850E25EESGESSII.,ÔỎ 1V LIST OF 2951215470422 9I8160ïu15 S0 sẽsô7s7. nanetinaioutitotsedint Vil LIST OF TABLES, sẽ sssussssxsnss sewesnsnexuancounsessamerunecanssuairese savsanscasnaamembuananews axe mannimeumssucmsis 1X I9) 080160235.cceceeeeceeceseeeeseceseeeeseeeeseeeeeeeseseesceeeseeeeaeeeeaeeeeateres | Will, DPTCTACS seeesssbsettiotsdkEdikittsmsrhegdtEnlDnau82.di2000h2ginhiggiegtBtitysgriQb38niibeuitgzrrlEeSDISIGE20002iG18i07800-42. OD GG HC nen nong ng HH4 Hong 1h kg 3N SEAGEGGISSSG1SSEGI2IXGESG4SESHBGG41E0360XEGHL338i9054581845301300605055810548800600636 2 125; CGTIÍGanssssessereesssssebbiengclinutrsntnis bhipxostigietrtsgrggiigptvggsii'gosssEit 0göipagce 2 2.1 ,An overview of theOVary o<ascesxcn wesc neenseneees men menromeseneeeO 2 Lod, SHRUCIITS OL MATT a AR OV ALY, cox eccrcseoesccarnsmnnarenns eennemmeomnaverosemsscomamemsaenmreneceoenmnera 3 21.2, 0]I1eflaTT6VEÏOIDTTTGHESbrssssztsesssessoosssitlidpdybiisbsgosebtodidssixdoz3unbsszdedogtteosbossrsobuii 4 2. Morphological and functional of cumulus-oocyte compleXes.- ---- 6 22 dA VIO: MACITAL OD see cersrcerememcnmnsen cesarean mea RE ea eR 8 2.2, CìWIØDlasImiTb:nTgEUTBHOTT:ssssszz<s6ssuzssl5evi055125609895801x0E0EtGL.
Parthenogenetic activation and in vitro €uÏfUT€. Factors affecting maturation and developmental competence of oocyte .2) Culture Medium s2isisgss:626516356166994 6308 ene nee RRR 12 2. Vascular endothelial growth factor ‹. Structure, function, and mechanism of VEGF and its 1soform.
Effect of VEGF and its receptor on follicular development. Effect of VEGF on developmental competence of oocyfe. MATERIALS AND METHODS .eceseceeceeeeeseeceseeceseeeeateseaeeseaeeseeees 21 Sele Tune Sti, 1ö68OÏsoesesessiseobioisBDLEEEEA5131835038555835835084L5145SĐLEKEVISHESSSSSE400304530035000008 21 0/1.EqIpimeritaridl Ta THỦ ©§):-.1u40 21 9 Ae CHG TIGA S cs nuø secures canna ses 8011888604 JDQđ33.38630586805k38t8,855838194g3L3S80L-Giuãn818-Sf80080/40/80580583030038 21 352 IV ICLHO GIỎ LÔ ner eee ee 21 3. Collection of porcine OVâTICS.
Retrieving cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCS). ----c+-c+cc+xs+ecxecxes 22 35:5. DF Vio Mmatiranen (LVM) cccccese scenes ốc ốc cố. Parthenogenetic activation and in vitro culture (IVC) of oocyfes.
Evaluation of nuclear maturation Of OOCYtES. Evaluation of cleavage and blastocyst formation raf©. --- ------+-=+++><++ 25 3:6: EXpeiiien tal CES) Gti vscccs. Content 1: Effect of different concentrations of VEGF supplementation during IVM on nuclear maturation rate and developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation from SF-derived oocyfes.
Content 2: Effect of VEGF supplementation in different stages of IVM on maturation rate and developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation from SF-derived O0CYtS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Content 1: Effect of different concentrations of VEGF supplementation during IVM on nuclear maturation rate and developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation from SF-derived COCs. Effect of different concentrations of VEGF supplementation during IVM on nuclear maturation rate from SF-derived COCs.
Effect of different concentrations of VEGF supplementation during IVM on developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation from SE-(d6fiWedl COC Ss. Content 2: Effect of VEGF supplementation in different stages of IVM on maturation rate and developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation from SF-derived COCS. Effect of VEGF supplementation in different stages of [VM on maturation rate frorriSE-derivefliCOSiwastroeriostGEtiWGIGSLIEGIGBMSXEEGUIEEFIGISESSRIGDNGEBIOSSĐEGSc92-D/8B SL 4. Effect of VEGF supplementation in different stages of TVM on developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation from SF-derived BID BSCS) (0) | ee ee CHAPTER 5.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 35 Sele CONCIUSIONS «meme aaa eee SE 35 5. 35 lu "V TSAI CS esterases econ nie ae aaa ran ow estan pmeiaensciemcnoeee oO Ess | a eeno 36 13) 506811 01B.ỐỐỐốỐ rin emi sce eso erate cS So 49 VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6-DMAP 6-Dimethylaminopurine ANG II Angiogenesis ANPT Angiopoietin ART Assisted Reproductive Technology BECM Beltsville embryo culture medium CCB Cytochalsin B CCD Cytochalsin D CHX Cycloheximide COCs Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes CR Carles Rosenkrans DEG Degenerated D-PBS Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline eCG equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin EGF Epidermal Growth Factor ET Endothelin FBS Fetal Bovine Serum FCS Fetal Calf Serum FF Follicular Fluid FGF Fibroblast Growth Factor Flk-1/KDR Fetal Liver Kinase — 1/Kinase insert Domain Receptor Fit-1 Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone GV Germinal Vesicle GVBD Germinal Vesicle Break Down hCG human Chorionic Gonadotrophin HGF Hepatocyte Growth Factor HSPG Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ICSI Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection IGF Insulin-like Growth Factors IL Interleukin vil IVC In Vitro Culture IVF In Vitro Fertilization IVM In Vitro Maturation IVP In Vitro Production kDa Kilodaltons KSOM Potassium Simplex Optimized Medium LH Luteimizing Hormone MAPK Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase MF Medium Follicles MI Metaphase I MI Metaphase II MPF Maturation Promoting Factor mRNA Messenger Ribonucleic Acid NaCl Sodium Chloride NCSU North Carolina State University NRP Neuropilin PA Parthernogenetic Activation PAS Periodic Acid Schiff PenStrep Penicillin-Streptomycin PIGF Placental Growth Factor PZM Porcine Zygote Medium SCNT Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer SF Small Follicles TCM Tissue Culture Medium TGF Transforming Growth Factor TZP Transzonal Projection VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF-R Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors VPF Vascular Permeability Factor vill LIST OF TABLES ‘Table 3. Experiinetital đesisri Of GGIHGIIL.
Experimental design of content 2. Effect of different concentrations of VEGF supplementation during IVM on nuclear maturation rate of porcine OOCYTES .- --- 2 22 2S SE nh ng riệt 29 Table 4. Effect of various concentrations of VEGF supplementation during [VM on developmental competence of porcine parthennofes. Nuclear maturation rate of porcine oocytes with an optimized concentration of VEGF supplementation in different stages of [VM.
Effect of optimized VEGF concentration supplemented in different stages of IVM on developmental competence of porcine parthenotes .-- ------+-- 32 1X LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Diagram of pig’s reproductive system SIfC.-- ------- 5c s+ccs+ccseeexee 4 Figure 2. Diagram of a mammalian OVALY. Diagram of a mammalian ovary showing follicles at different stages of “cael (0) 0) (0c! || ee a 6 Figure 2.
Histology representation of an antral follicÌe. Gene structure of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Interactions of the VEGF family growth factors with the various VEGF JO) OL) Ca ee ee ee ee eee ee ee 18 Figure 3. Methodology of collecting porcine OVATV.
Ovaries with different follicle size. Error! Bookmark not defined. Methodology of aspirating from medium follieles. Methodology of aspirating from small follicles.
Searching COCs under stereo microscope. Washing COCs in D-PBS medTum. --- - 5 552-2222 *++£+*ee+eezeeseees 23 Rigurée 3z Classiticaiot. OF COGS caõ nung bung cán H53 sasuanss 18336138364E0G38283G-I4G380155.
Culture dish with TCM-199 medium droplets.- ------- 5+ 5-s+5s<5+ 24 Hioure 3:0: NISÍHIredQ0GWEboxessibio:s2640250G0G82ES4GBESSRSESSSESEREBSERSSR2RHESOERSHSSS9352. Culture dish with PZM-3 medium droplets.11 Representative images of 2-cell (A), 4-cell (B), and blastocyst (C) (x600 TTRETI[HGRGTl]kornnoosrsdotiiidtigiSEtSS0GS00. Representative images of meiotic resumption of porcine oocytes. Representative images of blastocyst formation in different VEGF treatimnerits duninip IV xecsseeseseesessesesosrsSi<gnE010D023013009005/30-40300350000908130//G/3.
Preface As we know the porcine oocyte remains an ideal and suitable model for studying and understanding the basic mechanism in nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and the potential of embryonic development due to the similarity to the anatomy and physiology of humans (Lunney ef a/. However, the in vivo porcine embryo is higher viability than the in vitro production (IVP) of the porcine embryo (Wright and Ellington, 1995; Marchaty ef al., 2017), therefore, numerous scientists have put an effort for optimizing condition of culturing, not only to increase maturation rate and ability surviving of the porcine embryo but also to imitate the in vivo microenvironment. Jn vitro maturation (IVM) is an indispensable step to determine the capability of oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Porcine is a great donor of cumulus — oocytes complexes (COCs) since an abundance of porcine ovaries can be collected daily from slaughterhouses.
Normally, COCs were collected from medium follicles in standard IVM procedure, while most of the ovary’s follicles are in small sizes (Morbeck ef al., 1992) were discarded because they lacked the ability to reach higher nuclear maturation, fertilization rate, and also embryo production (Lonergan ef a/., 1994; Yoon ef al., 2000; Marchal et aï., 2002; Lucas ef al., 2013) compared to medium follicles (MF), which lead to a waste of genetic materials. Therefore, utilizing small follicles (SF) for further culture is necessary not only for better support of embryonic development but also application of in vitro-assisted reproduction technology.