Phát triển tài chính và tăng trưởng kinh tế ở mười quốc gia châu Á

Nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa phát triển tài chính và tăng trưởng kinh tế tại mười quốc gia châu Á, cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc và phân tích chi tiết.

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2013

64
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research questions

1.3. Objectives of the study

1.4. Scope of the research

1.5. Structure of the thesis

2. CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND

2.1. Theoretical background

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. The conceptual framework

3.2. Data and Descriptive Statistics

3.3. Correlation among independent variables

4. CHAPTER 4: RESEACH FINDINGS

4.1. Test for Multicollinearity

4.2. Testing for Heteroskedasticity

4.3. Testing for Autocorrelation

4.4. Panel Unit Root Test

5. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUDING OBSERVATION AND POLICY IMPLICATION

5.1. Main findings and policy implications

5.2. Limitation of the research and recommendation for further studies

APPENDIX 1: List of Economies and Number of Observations

APPENDIX 2: Definition of Variables and Their Data Sources

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS FINANCIAL DEVELOPEMNT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TEN ASIAN COUNTRIES BY DUONG DINH TRIEU MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS FINANCIAL DEVELOPEMNT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TEN ASIAN COUNTRIES A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By DUONG DINH TRIEU Academic Supervisor: TRUONG DANG THUY HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .3 Objectives of the study .4 Scope of the research .5 Structure of the thesis . 7 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND . 14 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .1 The conceptual framework .4 Data and Descriptive Statistics .5 Correlation among independent variables . 27 CHAPTER 4: RESEACH FINDINGS .1 Test for Multicollinearity.2 Testing for Heteroskedasticity .3 Testing for Autocorrelation .4 Panel Unit Root Test. 42 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUDING OBSERVATION AND POLICY IMPLICATION .1 Main findings and policy implications .2 Limitation of the research and recommendation for further studies . 48 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. 50 APPENDIX 1: List of Economies and Number of Observations . 54 APPENDIX 2: Definition of Variables and Their Data Sources . 55 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: GDP growth rate and Inflation rate in Vietnam (1996-2012) 3 Figure 2: Stock market capitalization (% GDP) and Inflation rate in Vietnam (1996- 4 2012) Figure 3: Asian Countries Recovery after the crisis in 1997 5 Figure 4: Relation between Financial Development and Economic Growth 9 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Descriptive Statistic on the sample observations 26 Table 2: Correlation Matrix 28 Table 3: Regression results: Fixed Effects Model and Random Effects Model 30-31 Table 4: Hausman test result between Fixed Effects Model and Random 33 Effects Model Table 5: Regression result of the optimal Fixed Effects model 34-35 Table 6: Collinearity Diagnostics 39-40 Table 7: Result of Test for autocorrelation 41 Table 8: Panel Unit Root Test Results 42-43 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATIONS INF : Inflation Rate IMF : International Monetary Funds WB : World Bank WDI : World Development Indicators INT : Interest Rate GDP : Gross Domestic Products OLS : Ordinary least square FEM : Fixed Effects Model REM : Random Effects Model X : Import M : Export LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT Financial-sector-derived economic crises happened recently in Asia area and in Vietnam create a question about the growth-promoting role of financial system against the economy. After reviewing the theory of growth-finance nexus and many empirical studies about the link between financial development and economic growth, this paper is implemented to examine whether financial development really promotes economic growth in Asia including Vietnam and its nine neighboring nations. Collecting data of ten Asian countries over period from 1980 to 2012 from IMF and World Bank and using econometric analysis method are the tools used in this report. Due to the inadequate data of Vietnam before 1986 and of some other developing countries, the analyzed data is unbalance panel form. GDP per capita growth is proxy for economic growth which is dependent variable in the regression model. The indicators for financial development which is the main studied object in this paper include the ratio of private credit to GDP, the efficiency of financial institutions measured the spread between saving rate and lending rate, capital inflows as share of GDP and the ratio of total market value of all listed companies to GDP. Besides, the regression model is added some control independent variables consist of the inflation rate measures the less stability of economies, and the two variables whose values measured in percentage against GDP: ratio of foreign trade to GDP and expenditure of Governments divided by GDP. The regression result of Fixed Effects model affirms all four indicators of financial development promote economic growth. The private credit is significantly necessary for growth. The relationship between private credit ratio and economic growth is quadratic. The increase in stock market capitalization leads to increase in investment in turn fosters growth. While financial openness promotes economic growth significantly. Lastly, the narrow of spread between lending and saving rates lowers the cost of investment so investment increases, in turn economic growth is accelerated. Page 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement Vietnamese economy has been continuously developing at a high rate since the beginning of 90s. One of many reasons may be the economy opening policy of Vietnam Government including the policy of liberalizing the financial system gradually. The expanding of Vietnamese financial system with the evidence of the increasing in quantity of domestic joint stock banks and the appearance of many foreign commercial banks, financial companies and insurance institutions. They help economic components especially private enterprises and households to access easily to financial resources. Besides, the Vietnamese securities market which has been established in 2000 plays a more and more important role in the economy. It operates as the second fund mobilization channel of enterprises. The domestic stock market, one component of securities market, has been rapidly developing in term of the market value of listed companies. The ratio of Vietnamese market capitalization of listed companies to GDP increased from 0. However, the volatility of Vietnam economy recently such as the high domestic inflation rate from 2007 and the crash of the stock market in 2008 have restrained the growth rate. Some causes are raised to explain the volatility, they include the rapidly over expanding of Vietnamese banking system and the easy credit provision of domestic commercial banks. The average GDP growth rate of Vietnam is 7.42% in the low inflation rate period of 4. However, from 2008 to 2012 the growth rate reduced and only reached an average level of 5.88% because Vietnam suffered a high average inflation rate of 13.36% in this period. On the other hand, the economic volatility also affects heavily on the stock market of Vietnam. In 2008, when the inflation rate speeded up at the number of 23.12% from the rate of 8.35% in the previous year, the ratio of market capitalization to GDP declined sharply at 10.53% from the rate 27. Therefore, what is the cause makes inflation rate be Page 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com high? The WDI data shows that domestic credit provided by Vietnamese banking sector (% of GDP) over grew in 2007. This rate increased by about 21% to the number 93.35% of GDP from the rate 71.21% of GDP in 2006. GDP growth rate and Inflation rate 25.09 GDP Growth Rate, 5.00) Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online, at data.org Figure 2: GDP growth rate and Inflation rate in Vietnam (1996-2012) The neighboring nations of Vietnam have experienced the period of fast economic growth before Vietnam. Some of them became developed countries such as Japan, Korea Republic, Singapore, while the economies of other countries are less developed than our economy such as Philippines. And they also have better financial systems than Vietnam including well functioned financial markets, sound financial institutions, diversified financial instruments and fully worked-out financial infrastructure. However, having better a financial system does not mean problems do not exists in the economy. In fact, Asian countries suffered the financial crisis derived from the crisis in banking system in 1997 and than their economies were destroyed seriously. Page 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Stock market capitalization (%GDP) and Inflation rate 30.00 Stock market capitalization, 23.00 Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online, at data.org Figure 3: Stock market capitalization (% GDP) and Inflation rate in Vietnam (1996-2012) In general, the process of economic growth always accompanies development of financial system in Asia. Usually, further financial development significantly contributes to economic growth (P. But the over development of financial system such as greater financial depth and the large capitalization of financial markets can create volatilities for economies. Recently financial crises occur in shorter cycles compare with previous period and destroyed economies more heavily. For instance, the banking crisis in Thailand in 1997 spread it neighbors and destroyed the economies of almost Asian countries. This crisis originated the disadvantages of financial system such as Government designated credit allocations and the fostered financial liberalization (Nguyen Xuan Thanh, 2009, The financial crisis in East Asia: The third crisis model). Or credit crisis in USA in 2008 affected the world economy (David Dapice, 2009, The Financial Crisis in Western and Corollary to Vietnam) while the great crisis in USA in 1930 only affected some certain Page 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. In fact, the financial integration and the links between economies all over the world through foreign trade and investment make the economy of a nation be sensitive when there is a crisis in a certain area. From these observations, a question is given that how the development of financial system promotes to economic growth or how to restrain disadvantages created by financial development process so that speed up economies stability. Hanson (2006), Post-Crisis Challenges and Risks in East Asia and Latin America: Where do they go from here. Figure 4: GDP of some Asian Countries Pre- and Post-1997 Crisis Although financial sector is usually the origin of crises, financial system still plays a vital role of a modern economy and almost developed countries also have advanced financial system. In the case of developing countries, developing the financial system is usually encouraged. There are many previous empirical studies of famous economist such as Ross Levine, Robert G. King and Thorsten Beck about the nexus between Page 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com finance development and economic growth and they affirm financial development fosters economic growth significantly. But, some authors think that the contribution of financial systems to growth is only minor such as Lucas and Robinson. However they also cannot negate the role of financial development. In the process development, some disadvantages of financial systems may create economic crises in a certain country or area. And after each crisis, policy makers need to make good financial systems’ shortcomings to prevent future volatilities for economies. The study is implemented to find a positive impact of financial development indicators and some other factors on economic growth. Base on the achieved results, the countries can build sounder financial systems, reject the disadvantages and bring into play advantages of previous financial systems so that future financial crises will be prevented, economies of the nations will grow more rapidly and sustainably.2 Research questions The research will answer the some questions as following: - Does the financial development contribute significantly to the economic growth of Vietnam and some Asian countries? - What other factor beside financial development indicators influences on the economic growth in ten Asian economies? - What are recommendations to build an effectiveness financial system in order to promote economic growth sustainably.3 Objectives of the study The objectives related to ten countries and territories in Asian (Thailand, Korea Republic, China Republic, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan and Vietnam) of the thesis include: Page 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com - To examine the significantly positive impact of financial development indicators including private credit and stock market capitalization to economic growth in ten Asian countries. - To find other factors except for financial development indicators promote growth in ten Asian countries. - To recommend general policy for sustainable development in term of financial system and economy of ten East Asian countries and territories.

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