Đầu tư Trực tiếp Nước ngoài, Xuất khẩu và Tăng trưởng Kinh tế tại Malaysia, Thái Lan và Việt Nam

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích ueh foreign direct investment exports and economic growth in malaysia thailand and vietnam, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp khả

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2012

84
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

Certification

Acknowledgement

Abstract

1. Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research objectives

1.3. Research questions

1.4. Research methodology

1.5. Structure of the thesis

2. Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1. Relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth

2.2. Relationship between exports and economic growth

2.3. Relationship between FDI and exports

3. Chapter 3: Foreign Direct Investment, exports, and economic growth in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam: Descriptive and Comparative Analysis

3.1. Foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in Malaysia

3.2. Foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in Vietnam

4. Chapter 4: Research Methodology

4.1. Individual economy's Granger causality test

4.1.1. Unit root tests for stationary time series

4.1.2. Johansen cointegration technique

4.1.3. Granger causality analysis

4.2. Panel data Granger causality test

4.2.1. Panel unit root tests

4.2.2. Panel cointegration test

4.2.3. Panel causality test

5. Chapter 5: Empirical Results

6. Chapter 6: Major Findings and Policy Implications

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Abbreviations

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM- NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, EXPORTS, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MALAYSIA, THAILAND, AND VIETNAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By BUI THI KIM HOANG Academic Supervisor: DR. NGUYEN HOANG BAO HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2012 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co Certification "I certificate that the substance of the thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge and help received in preparing the thesis and all sources used have been acknowledged in the thesis." Signature Bui Thi Kim Hoang Date: . UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co Acknowledgement First of all, I would like express my deepest gratitude my academic supervisor, Dr. Nguyen Hoang Bao, Dean of Economic Development, HCM City University of Economics, for advice, critical, and helpful comments on the paper. My dearest thanks to the lectures and staff of the project, who helped improve my knowledge and fulfill the programme. I am deeply indebted to my parents, my elder brother and my husband for their love and support of me, keeping me in good condition for learning. And finally, I am also grateful to my close friends for their warm encourgagement. ii UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co Abstract This study exammes the causality relations between foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in the three countries including Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam of the Southeast region for the period of 1989- 2010. The paper uses time series data for individual countries and panel data for the panel three countries. The study estimate vector autoregression model (VAR) or vector error correction model (VECM) of the three variables to find Granger causal relationship for each of the three countries. And then, using two different panel unit root tests it is found that all the panel variables are integrated in order one. The cointegration is found for the panel variables from the Johansen Fisher panel cointegration and Kao tests. The panel-Granger test support that there are bidirectional long run causal relations between the variables but there is only unidirectional from exports to foreign direct investment in the short run for the panel of three countries. iii UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co Contents Certification . iv List of Tables . vi List of Figures . vii List of Abbreviations . viii Chapter 1: Introduction .5 Structure of the thesis . 4 Chapter 2: Literature Review .1 Relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth .2 Relationship between exports and economic growth .3 Relationship between FDI and exports . 17 Chapter 3: Foreign Direct Investment, exports, and economic growth in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam: Descriptive and Comparative Analysis .1 Foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in Malaysia .2 Foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in Vietnam . 26 Chapter 4: Research Methodology .1 Individual economy's Granger causality test .1 Unit root tests for stationary time series .2 Johansen cointegration technique .3 Granger causality analysis .2 Panel data Granger causality test.1 Panel unit root tests . 4 7 iv UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Panel cointegration test .3 Panel causality test .1 Unit root tests . 53 Chapter 6: Major Findings and Policy Implications . 69 v UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co List of Tables Table 2.1: Summary of empirical studies on causality between FDI, exports, and economic growth .1: The contribution of components of total demand to economic growth in Malaysia and Thailand, 1989-2010 (percentage) .2: Correlation between the growth rates ofthe real GDP and its components in Malaysia and Thailand, 1989-2010 .3: Structural change in Malaysia and Thailand, 1989-2010 .4: The contribution of components of total demand to economic growth in Vietnam (percentage) .5: Correlation between the growth rates of the real GDP and its components in Vietnam, 1989-2010 .6: GDP growth (g=~Y/Y), Rate of investment (I/Y), ~Y/I, ICOR in Vietnam28 Table 3.7: Structural change in Vietnam, 1989-2010 (percentage) .8: Exports and Imports in Vietnam (percentage ofGDP) .9: Export value index in Vietnam, 1989-2010 .10: Foreign direct investment inflows by Vietnam's region and province .11: Foreign Direct Investment by sector in Vietnam .12: FDI in industry for Vietnam country .13: Exports by foreign investment sector in Vietnam .1: ADF and PP unit root tests on level series for the individuals .2: ADF and PP unit root tests on the first difference series for the individuals 52 Table 5.3: Panel unit root tests .4: Results of Johansen cointegration test for individual country .5: Panel cointegration test .6: Granger causality test based on VECM for Thailand and Vietnam .7: Granger causality test based on VAR model for Malaysia .8: Panel Granger results .9: The causality relations in this paper . 57 vi UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co List of Figures Figure 2.1: Conceptual framework in this study .1: GDP growth in Malaysia and Thailand, 1989-2010 (percentage) .2: Real GDP, Exports and FDI in Malaysia and Thailand ($US) .3: The contribution ofFDI inflows in GDP in Malaysia and Thailand, 1989-2010 (percentage) .4: Export structure in Malaysia, 1989-2010 (percentage) .5: Export structure in Thailand, 1989-2010 (percentage) .6: Export price index in Malaysia and Thailand, 1989-2010 .7: Vietnam GDP growth(%) .8: GDP, exports and investment in Vietnam, 1989-2010 (VND billion) .9: The growth of exports in Vietnam, 1990-2010 (percentage) .10: Export structure in Vietnam .11: FDI inflows in the Southeast countries ($US million) .12: Foreign direct investment in the period in Vietnam, 1989-2010 .13: Foreign direct investment, exports and real GDP growth (%) . 3 8 vii UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co List of Abbreviations ADF Augmented Dickey-Fuller AIC Akaike's Information Criterion AR Autoregression ECT Error Correction Term EX Exports FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP (Y) Gross Domestic Product GMM Generalized Method of Moment I Investment ICOR Incremental Capital-Output Ratio IPS Im, Pesaran, and Shin MNCs Multinational Coporations MNEs Multinational Enterprises pp Phillips and Perron SIC Schwarz's Information Criterion US$ The United States dollar VAR Vector Autoregression VECM Vector Error Correction Model VND Vietnam dong WB World Bank WTO World Trade Organization viii UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter explains the reason for the carrying out the thesis, its objectives, and research questions. The methodology is also mentioned in this part. Finally, the structure of the thesis will be presented.1 Problem statement The role foreign direct investment and exports in promoting economic growth have much recognized in many countries in the world throughout theoretical and empirical literature. The new growth theories have showed the importance of investment and openness to trade in economic development. Through these factors, the strategies for foreign direct investment and exports promotion are necessary proposed to promote economic growth especially for developing countries, so called 'FDI-led growth' or 'export-led growth'. Theoretically, international free trade has been called "engine of growth", which is proved clearly from the classical economists to the modem economists. Moreover, many economic studies have indicated that countries adopt international free trade enjoy higher growth rates than those close their economies to trade (Sachs and Warner, 1997; Wacziarg and Welch, 2008). The application of an open economy and free trade, countries will be rewarded greater economic growth and leads to raise income levels and living standards (Frankel and Romer, 1999). As above, throughout trade, export sectors can be earned more profit and increased saving as well as create foreign exchange earnings and jobs opportunities for workers in export sector (Azam, 2010). Hence, the output growth can be generated not only by increasing the quantities of labor and capital in economy, but also by expanding exports. Furthermore, the competitive of exports markets cause to give export-oriented policies contribute positively to economic growth and it also helps the countries integrate promptly into the world economy. Therefore, the export-led growth hypothesis is in favor of exports expansion is one of the main determinants of economic growth. However, output also has a positive impact on exports throughout productivity growth, 1 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co productivity improvement and cost reduction of products which lead to facilitate exports (Krugman, 1984 ). Beside exports, foreign direct investment also shows an upward trend and the increase in foreign direct investment flows is expected to become the power for the growth of trade and economic growth. FDI can promote the economic development of the host country by helping to improve productivity growth and export (UNCTAD, 2002). It has considered a tool for employment generation, technological advancement, social welfare improvement, and poverty alleviation, especially for the developing countries. Chiara and Sasidharan (2009) also showed that FDI inflows have the important role in the process of economic development because they bring in some specific technological assets that are not available in the recipient country. In general, trade is considered also a vehicle for the transmission of FDI flows such as capital, technological progress, and managerial skills. Economic growth is boosted by FDI and it is more helpful for export promotion. In summary, the relationship between foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth have gained importance and attention among policy makers and researchers. From the past to now, many economists and researchers have a great interest in the relationship between FDI, exports, and economic growth. A larger number of empirical studies have used time series, cross section, and panel data to investigate the impact of FDI, exports on economic growth or the FDI-led growth and export- led growth hypothesis. The methods is applied to explore the relationship of exports and economic growth in the early studies includes examining the simple correlation coefficient between them (Balassa, 1978 and Tyler, 1981) or estimating regression equations based on the Neoclassical growth with exports is an explanatory variables. In the recent studies, the causality between FDI, exports growth, and economic growth is emphasized by using cointegration techniques and Granger causality for time series or panel data. Some empirical studies have used the methods that is above mentioned to examine the causal link of FDI, exports, and 2 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co growth for Asian or Africa regions, developing countries and so on, for instance of time series data, Ekanayake (1999), Ismaid and Harjito (2003), Bahmani-Oskooee (2009), Sinoha-Lopete (2006), Pham (2008), Miankhel et al. (2009), Eusuf and Ahmed (2010), Sun (2011), Awan et al. (2012) and for example for panel data, Hsiao and Hsiao (2006), Won et al. (2008), Mehrara and Firouzjaee (20 11 ), Safdari et al. The results indicate that the relation ofFDI, exports, and economic growth rather mixed, it is specified for each of country or other regions. So, it is necessary for policy makers and researchers to pay attention to relation FDI, exports, and economic growth. These variables interact with each other, for this reason, needing to clearly determine the relationship of them in order to give effective policy to promote economic growth, especially for developing countries in the world. Malaysia and Thailand are one of the few developing countries that have sustained economic growth with high rate in the long run. According to Todaro and Smith (2003), Malaysia and Thailand have been successful in increasing exports and attracting foreign direct investment to enhance economic growth, particularly in manufacturing sector. Vietnam also has comparative advantage and economy conditions like Malaysia and Thailand, so the policies which promote economic growth from these countries are the significant lessons for national. Hence, this thesis examines the causal relationship between FDI, exports, and economic growth using cointegration and causality techniques for time series data and panel data from 1989 to 2010 in three countries including Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam of Southeast Asia region where has many countries in the stage of developing.

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