MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING MAI NHU QUYNH THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BANKRUPTCY RISK OF ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF MARKET COMPETITION AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MASTER’S THESIS Specialized: Finance - Banking Specialized code: 8 34 02 01 Ho Chi Minh City - 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING MAI NHU QUYNH THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BANKRUPTCY RISK OF ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF MARKET COMPETITION AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MASTER’S THESIS Specialized: Finance - Banking Specialized Code: 8 34 02 01 SUPERVISOR: 1: PhD. NGUYEN THI NHU QUYNH Ho Chi Minh City - 2024 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this research work entitled “The impact of corporate social responsibility on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market: Exploring the role of market competition and intellectual capital” was done by me and supervised by PhD. Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh. This research work is original and based on my personal knowledge and research.
This work has neither been copied from any document nor published in full anywhere, the data and references are clearly shown, transparent and cited according to the regulations. I will be fully responsible for my commitment. Author Mai Nhu Quynh ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout the writing of this thesis, I have received a great deal of support and assistance. I would first like to thank my family, especially my parents.
Their belief in me has kept my spirits and motivation high during this process. I would also like to sincerely thank the school board and all the lecturers of postgraduate education in Ho Chi Minh University of Banking for me valuable knowledge throughout my studies. I would like to express my kind gratitude to PhD. Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh, for patient guidance and support throughout the process of implementing this thesis topic.
In short time and restriction of knowledge, it is inevitable that there will be shortcomings in the completion of the thesis topic. I hope to receive guidance from the lecturers so that my thesis can be more complete. iii ABSTRACT Title: The impact of corporate social responsibility on the bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market: exploring the role of market competition and intellectual capital. Abstract: The global economic context, characterized by frequent crises, highlights the importance of proactive risk management for businesses.
While financial indicators are crucial in identifying bankruptcy risk for enterprises, non- financial factors such as corporate social responsibility, market competition, and intellectual capital are increasingly vital in determining an enterprise's bankruptcy potential. Recognizing the research gap in identifying the moderating role of intellectual capital and market competition in the relationship of corporate social responsibility and business bankruptcy risk, along with the desire to research, and find solutions to minimize bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market, the author chose to research the topic “The impact of corporate social responsibility on the bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market: exploring the role of market competition and intellectual capital”. Research methods used to complete the proposed research objectives include descriptive statistics, analysis and synthesis methods. Results show that the more enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR), the lower the risk of corporate bankruptcy.
In contrast, the results indicate that CSR has no impact on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market in the context have been market competition and intellectual capital from 2018 to 2022. Therefore, the next studies can expand the scope of research, consider other aspects inside and outside the business that affect the bankruptcy risk of companies, or apply other regression techniques, and testing so that the research can be more complete and accurate. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, bankruptcy risk of enterprises, market competition, intellectual capital. iv LIST OF ACRONYMS ACRONYMS ENGLISH PHRASE VIETNAMESE PHRASE BSC Balanced ScoreCard Thẻ điểm cân bằng CSP Corporate Social Performance Hiệu quả xã hội doanh nghiệp CSR Corporate Social Responsibility Trách nhiệm xã hội doanh nghiệp EVA Economic Value Added Giá trị tăng thêm FEM Fixed Effects Model Mô hình tác động cố định FGLS FeasibleGeneralizedLeast Bình phương tối thiểu tổng Squares quát GRI Global Reporting Initiative Sáng kiến báo cáo toàn cầu HNX Hanoi Stock Exchange Sàn giao dịch chứng khoán Hà Nội HOSE Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange Sàn giao dịch chứng khoán thành phố Hồ Chí Minh OLS Ordinary Least Squares Bình phương tối thiểu REM Random Effects Model Mô hình tác động ngẫu nhiên v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION.
iii LIST OF ACRONYMS.iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. RESEARCH OBJECT AND RESEARCH SCOPE. OVERVIEW OF BANKRUPTCY RISK OF ENTERPRISES. Concept of enterprises bankruptcy.
Measuring the bankruptcy risk of enterprises. OVERVIEW OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. The concept of corporate social responsibility. Theoretical research on corporate social responsibility.
OVERVIEW OF MARKET COMPETITION. OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL. Overview of foreign research. Overview of domestic research.
35 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2.56 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. ANALYZING THE RESEARCH RESULTS.67 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND SUGGESTIONS FOR NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES.
Limitations of the study. Suggestions for further research directions.77 vii SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5. xvii APPENDIX 1: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS. xvii APPENDIX 2: CORRELATION MATRIX OF VARIABLES.
xvii APPENDIX 3: REGRESSION RESULTS. xvii APPENDIX 4: HAUSMAN TEST. xix APPENDIX 5: HETEROSCEDASTICITY TEST. xix APPENDIX 6: AUTOCORRELATION TEST.
xix APPENDIX 7: FGLS ESTIMATION RESULT. xx APPENDIX 8: LIST OF CSR RATING STANDARDS. xx APPENDIX 9: THE RESEARCH DATA OF THESIS. xxiv viii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES LIST OF TABLES Table 2.
Overview of foreign research. Overview of domestic research. Summary table of regression model variables. Descriptive statistics of variables.
Correlation matrix of variables. VIF values of the variables in the model. Estimation results of OLS, REM, FEM model. Hausman test result.
Heteroscedasticity test result. Autocorrelation test result. Estimation results of FGLS model. Comparing the expected sign and the regression results sign.68 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.
The research process of the thesis. RATIONALE Corporate social responsibility has increasingly become a crucial issue and concern in sustainable business development (Metzker et al., 2021) studied by leading scholars in strategy, management and marketing to maximize economic, social, and sustainable environment through business operations, policies, and resources of enterprises (Kotler et al., 2005; Raghubir et al., 2010; Porter et al., 2006; Du et al. Most progressive businesses approach CSR not only out of a sense of corporate moral responsibility to society and the environment but also to achieve strategic business goals for the company (Du et al. Accordingly, businesses engaging in CSR tend to mitigate significant potential business risks such as government regulations, labor unrest, economic crises, or environmental damage (Lin et al., 2018; Orlitzky et al.
From this perspective, more and more businesses consider CSR as a business strategy to generate mutual value for the company and society while preventing bankruptcy risk (Lin et al., 2018; Orlitzky et al. The global economic and financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic that erupted in late 2019 have plunged the global economy into recession, making it difficult for businesses of all sizes to operate. This has led to many businesses going bankrupt. However, in the face of these harsh economic conditions, many businesses have chosen to fulfill their social responsibility through philanthropic and humanitarian actions as a business strategy to help them overcome the market's general downturn.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can not only help businesses survive economic crises but also promote their brands, build public trust, increase their competitive advantage, and drive sustainable business development. Therefore, researching the impact of CSR on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market is essential to achieve the goal of sustainable business development for companies in today's economy. In this context, some researchers believe that in addition to CSR, intellectual capital and market competition are also 2 important factors to consider when predicting bankruptcy risk. These factors play a vital role in business development and are a key competitive advantage for businesses in reducing bankruptcy risk (Kamalirezaei et al.
In the global, there have been studies on the impact of CSR on bankruptcy risk of businesses by Lisin et al. (2022), Tarighi et al. (2022), Belas et al. (2021), Wu et al.
Most previous studies often used Z-score as an indicator to predict bankruptcy risk. In Vietnam, studies related to the issue of business bankruptcy, often focus on examining the role of indicators in financial statements or individual studies on the role of CSR in business bankruptcy risk. For studies related to bankruptcy in the banking sector, there are also studies on the impact of CSR on bankruptcy in an environment with intellectual capital regulation and competition in the banking sector such as the studies by Nguyen et al. (2021), Nguyen et al.
In addition, the disclosure of social responsibility has become more common since 2018 in Vietnam, after Circular 155/TT-BTC/2015 was issued by the Government. Accordingly, research on the impact of CSR on business bankruptcy risk and considering the regulatory role of intellectual capital and market competition on enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market from 2018 to 2022 is limited. Based on the discussion, the thesis examines the relationship of CSR and bankruptcy risk of enterprises on the Vietnamese stock market, thereby examining the regulatory role of market competition and intellectual capital in this relationship from 2018 to 2022 is essential in theory and practice. Examining variables outside of financial statements (CSR) and investigating the role of intellectual capital and market competition in the relationship of CSR and business bankruptcy risk from 2018 to 2022 is a new aspect of the topic.
Moreover, this research topic also contributes empirical evidence on the impact of CSR on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market in the moderating relationship of intellectual capital and market competition. Thereby, helping managers and business 3 executives better plan strategies, proposals and appropriate roadmaps to improve business efficiency, achieve goals and increase the competitiveness of businesses in the current market context. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES General research objective The general objective of the study is to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market in the moderating relationship of market competition and intellectual capital. From the research results, the thesis proposes related recommendations to reduce bankruptcy risk of enterprises in the future.
Specific research objectives To achieve the above general objective, the thesis will implement specific objectives including: i. Analyzing the impact of corporate social responsibility on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market in the period 2018 - 2022. Determine the moderating role of intellectual capital and market competition in the relationship of corporate social responsibility and the bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market in the period 2018 - 2022. Propose some recommendations for managers and business executives to help reduce bankruptcy risk, improve the business efficiency of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS To achieve the above research objectives, the topic raises the following research questions: i. How does corporate social responsibility impact on bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market in the period 2018 -2022? 4 ii. How does intellectual capital and market competition have a moderating impact on the relationship of CSR and the bankruptcy risk of enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market in the period 2018 - 2022? iii. What are the suggestions and recommendations for managers and business executives to help reduce bankruptcy risk for enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market? 1.