Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự hài lòng trong công việc: So sánh giữa doanh nghiệp nhà nước và tư ...

Nghiên cứu luận văn thạc sĩ về các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự hài lòng trong công việc tại doanh nghiệp nhà nước và tư nhân ở Việt Nam.

Chuyên ngành

Master of Business

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Luan Van

2012

66
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. CHƯƠNG 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Research background

1.2. Problem statement

1.3. Research objective

1.4. Research scope

1.5. Practical implication

1.6. Research structure

2. CHƯƠNG 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Job satisfaction

2.3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

2.4. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory

2.5. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

2.6. Incentive

2.7. Employee satisfaction measurement

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

1 UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business ------------------------------ LE ANH TAI Factors affecting job satisfaction: A comparison between state-owned and non state-owned enterprises in Viet Nam MASTER OF BUSINESS (HONOURS) Ho Chi Minh – Year 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business ------------------------------ LE ANH TAI Factors affecting job satisfaction: A comparison between state-owned and non state-owned enterprises in Viet Nam ID: 60340102 MASTER OF BUSINESS (HONOURS) SUPERVISOR: Dr. NGUYEN HUU LAM Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com i ABTRACT The turn-over rate of Vietnamese companies has been so high recently, which causes many troubles for Vietnamese enterprises, such as recruitment and training. However, the most factor causes high turn-over rate of Vietnamese companies is job dissatisfaction. Therefore, this research is conducted to find out the most factors affecting job satisfaction in order to make a contribution into reducing turn-over rate of Vietnamese companies. This research investigates employees working in state-owned and non-state-owned companies in Ho Chi Minh City. The results demonstrate career prospect has the most contribution in job satisfaction and employees who are working in non-state-owned companies are more satisfied than ones in state-owned companies. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my obligation to my Supervisor, Dr. Nguyen Huu Lam, for his supporting and inspiration. Furthermore, I would like to show my thankful to Dr. Nguyen Dinh Tho for his clear instruction during our study, which has a lot of useful methods and practical implications for our study and career. Besides, I would like to thank to my friends in MBUS 2010 who had supported me a lot during my thesis implementation. And an honorable mention goes to my family, my friends and my colleagues for understanding and helping me during my data collection as well as my thesis completion. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam January 2nd, 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABTRACT . Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory . McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y . Employee satisfaction measurement.23 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Adjusted Conceptual model . Analysis result discussions. Conclusions on the research problem and hypotheses. Implications for human resource manager.48 Appendix 1: Vietnamese questionnaire .48 Appendix 2: English questionnaire.52 Appendix 3: Regression standardized residual and homoscedasticity .56 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: factors affecting job attitudes. Job satisfaction measurement (OSI) . Job satisfaction instrument.21 Table 5: Demographic description .24 Table 6: Variable description . Cronbach Alpha adjustion.29 Table 9: factor analysis .32 Table 11: Correlation analysis . Multi linear regression analysis (1). Multi linear regression analysis (2). Multi linear regression analysis (3). Multi linear regression analysis between state-owned and non-state- owned companies (1) . Multi linear regression analysis between state-owned and non-state- owned companies (2) . Multi linear regression analysis between state-owned and non-state- owned companies (3) .38 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Maslow hierarchy of needs. Process of analysis. Adjusted conceptual model .33 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS JS: Job satisfaction WCA: Working conditions and activities WC: Working conditions WA: Work activities S: Salary R: Relationship CP: Career prospects LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Background Vietnam started a profound economic reform in 1986 that aimed to transform the country from a command economy into a market oriented economy. From the early days of the economic reform, economic structural reforms and open-door policies have become an integral part of overall economics (World Bank, 1999). As a consequence, Vietnam substantially elevated its economy and the living standards of Vietnamese people. The country reaped average economic growth rate (GDP) of over 7% during the 1990s and early 2000s, especially more than 8% in 2006, which made it one of the highest growing economies in the World (World Bank, 2006). In the booming economic period and the globalization, many foreign enterprises join into the Vietnamese economy as a Joint Venture Company. They applied many modern management methods and incentive policies, which are spread to many state owned and private Vietnamese companies. Opening up the market brought both threats and opportunities. Some businesses thrived in the new business environment and were able to improve productivity, product quality, and ultimately profit. Others failed to meet the new challenges and declined. Under competitive pressure, Vietnamese companies, including state owned companies, private companies and joint venture companies try to maximize their performance such as financial performance, production performance, sales performance, etc. Besides, employees also take an important essential role in development. Base on Maslow (1954) the personal needs go along with their development. So, employees need more and more from their works, their devotion for company development. However, their requirements have not always met; they usually suffer from their job and find new changes in their life. Another remarkable is the distribution of Vietnamese labor forces. They mostly focus on the big cities, such as Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City or so. The movement of labor forces is clearly depicted in the Vietnamese industrial zones where concentrate a large number of unskilled labors. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 They usually move their jobs, which heavily damages enterprise’s human resources. A large amount of money is spent for new recruitment and training, which seem to be the common issue of many Vietnamese enterprises today. The Vietnamese labor force newspaper (2010) states that 15-20 percentages of employees in Vietnamese industrial zones change their jobs. Maintaining the labor forces is an emerging problem of Vietnamese enterprises. Problem statement According Towers Watson (2011), the Vietnamese average turnover rate of 2011 is 17,8%. The number shows that Vietnamese companies have been faced with high turnover rate, which will damage to the company image and development. According to an analysis of IMQ Consulting experts, the main reason of employee turnover is not the employee's salary problem. In most cases of leave of employees, the main causes are the conflicts and disagreements between staffs and manager operating behaviors, which will lead job dissatisfaction. In some cases, it may be the working environment less stable and corporate culture has not been focused. Briefly, job dissatisfaction is the most factor leading high employee turnover rate in Vietnam. Research objective Job dissatisfaction has become the common problem for many companies in Vietnam. Not only it causes employees’ depression, but also it harms the enterprises’ performance, especially in human resource. The problem statement states that job dissatisfaction is the most factor of high turnover rate in Vietnamese companies. Therefore, this research is conducted to understand the job satisfaction in Vietnamese companies deeply. The goals of this research are striving to find out the key factors effect on employee job satisfaction in Vietnamese companies, making a comparison in employee job satisfaction between state owned and non- state owned sectors, finding the most influential factors on employee satisfaction in LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3 each sector, recommending the improvements of the existing incentive system to increase job satisfaction in Vietnamese companies. Research scope Due to the limitation of duration, this research can only focus on the South Vietnamese company including state owned, and non-state owned enterprises. The subjects of this research are employees, low level managers and middle level managers. Practical implication Despite there are a lot of researches in job satisfaction, this research is also conducted to determine the most factor affecting on job satisfaction. This result can make a little bit contribution to reduce the high turnover rate in Vietnamese companies and help human resource managers in planning strategies to maintain their labor forces. Research structure This research will be composed of 5 Chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction. It introduces research background, research problem, research objective, research question as well as benefit of the research. Chapter 2: Literature review. This chapter reviews theories and selects the research’s factors as well as formulates the research hypotheses and model. Chapter 3: Research methodology. This chapter provides general idea how the research will be designed and implemented. Chapter 4: Research result. This chapter translates data collected from survey, analyses data as well as discusses the result finding in connection with theory. This Chapter concludes the research finding; provide further suggestion as well as research limitation. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Introduction This chapter reviews the theories in job satisfaction and claims the scale for measuring them. It includes the definition of job satisfaction, theories of job satisfaction such as Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s motivation – hygiene theory, McGregor’s theory X and theory Y, and reviewing the popular job satisfaction scales in recent. Job satisfaction Base on C. Hulin (1966), job satisfaction is an effective response of the worker to his job. It is viewed as a result or consequence of the worker’s experience on the job in relation to his own values, that is to what he wants or expects from it, satisfaction can be viewed as similar in meaning to pleasure. Brayfield and Rothe (1951) recommend the 7 point scale to measure job satisfaction, which includes five observation factors, satisfied with present job, job enthusiastically, enjoying working time, job enjoyment, job vice versus unpleasant things. They can be stated by five statements: - I feel fairly satisfied with my present job. - Most days I am enthusiastic about my work. - Each day of work seems like it will never end. - I find real enjoyment in my work. - I consider my job rather unpleasant. Maslow's hierarchy of needs Base on Maslow (1954) the most working expectation of employees are having a job and a stable income to support themselves and their family, feeling safety and stable for a long time while working, feeling taking a part in company development, well assessed and believable from supervisors and subordinates, improving LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 5 knowledge and recognition, self-promoting and building up a long term career. We can see the expectation tendency in Figure 1 below. Maslow hierarchy of needs However, there are many reasons which are threatening employees’ expectation and make them dissatisfied with their job. These troubles mostly come from the behavior of management and the company structure. These are weaknesses in ability to receive and process issues, not giving clear personnel policies, not keeping the commitment with staffs, wanton task delegating and not based on ethical rule, employee emotional assessing, maintaining family management style, etc. These poor working conditions cause employee dissatisfaction. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory Herzberg (1966) developed the motivation-hygiene theory to explain employee satisfaction. The following table 1 presents the top six factors causing dissatisfaction and the top six factors causing satisfaction, listed in the order of highest to lowest importance. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 6 Leading to Dissatisfaction Leading to Satisfaction ∑ Company policy ∑ Achievement ∑ Supervision ∑ Recognition ∑ Relationship w/Boss ∑ Work itself ∑ Work conditions ∑ Responsibility ∑ Salary ∑ Advancement ∑ Relationship w/Peers ∑ Growth Table 1: factors affecting job attitudes Herzberg reasoned that because the factors causing satisfaction are different from those causing dissatisfaction, the two feelings cannot simply be treated as opposites of one another. The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction, but rather, no satisfaction. Similarly, the opposite of dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction. From the above table of results, one observes that the factors that determine whether there is dissatisfaction or no dissatisfaction are not part of the work itself, but rather, are external factors. Herzberg often referred to these hygiene factors as "KITA" factors, where KITA is an acronym for a kick in the ass, the process of providing incentives or a threat of punishment to cause someone doing something.

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