This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.com HEALTH RESEARCH METHODS (TRAINING MODULE 2) The Health Department of the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission in collaboration with The Ethiopian Public Health Association and Regional State Health Bureaus June, 2005 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.com HEALTH RESEARCH METHODS (TRAINING MODULE 2) The Health Department of the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission in collaboration with The Ethiopian Public Health Association and Regional State Health Bureaus June, 2005 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.com ©2005 Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission, Health Department Material from this module may be reproduced without prior permission for non-profit- making purposes only. This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.com Table of Contents Table of Contents i Preface iii Acronyms v Glossary vi Introduction. 1 Objectives of the module. Selection of study design.
Observational versus Experimental (Intervention) studies. The randomized clinical trial (RCT). Community intervention trials (CITs). Sampling Methods and Sample Size.
What is sampling. Simple random sampling. Multi-stage sampling. How large a sample?.
Data collection techniques:. Utilization of available data. Self administering written questionnaires. Focus Group Discussion.
Bias in Information Collection and its possible causes .35 i Health Research Methods This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www. Effect of the Interview (er) on the Informant. Importance of Combining Different Data Collection Techniques.Variables and measurement errors. What is a variable?.
Defining variables and indicators of variables. Dependant and Independent variables. What is validity and reliability?. Qualitative Research Methods.
Why Use Qualitative Research?. How is Qualitative research used?. Characteristics of qualitative research. Design questions in qualitative research.
Defining an area of inquiry.2 Stating the research problem .3 Developing conceptual framework .Formulating qualitative research questions. Relevant concepts for designing qualitative research. The human research instrument. Saturation or redundancy.
Sampling strategies in qualitative research.57 Self-Assessment questions .60 Answers to self-assessment questions.63 References and further reading .67 ii Health Research Methods This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.com PREFACE The last century witnessed not more than 10,000 health research and development publications about Ethiopia which have been financially and/or technically driven by foreign researchers and donors until the launching and expansion of postgraduate programs in Addis Ababa University and the issuance of Health Science and Technology policy. Health research is essential in developing evidence-based interventions that will make a difference in mitigating health problems, promoting health and ultimately improving the quality of life of the Ethiopian People. Generally, however, health research and development output in terms of quality, volume and implementation has been very low compared with other developing countries in Africa and elsewhere. To date health research capacity in terms of clear and transparent human, institutional and financial systems is not well established.
Linkages, accountabilities, responsibilities and net-workings among and between research and development institutions lack clarity and much remains to be done. Conducive, implementable and comprehensive policy, strategy and legal frameworks are not properly entrenched. This calls for serious attention and consideration by all concerned including the public, business and private sectors as well as professional and civic societies. To address this problem and its impact on the quality and volume of health research and development output the Health Department of ESTC in collaboration with the Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA), Regional States Health Bureaus and CDC Ethiopia has prepared this modular National Health Research Capacity Building Project.
As a package the project has 6 modules with evaluation instrument tools and training guides respectively, prepared separately for easy reference and application. The project aims to demystify the design and conduct of relevant, fundable, methodologically and ethically sound health research projects, and to promote the presentation and publication of results in scientific fora and reputable journals. These ends are to be achieved by promoting basic health research skills through a modular training approach to mid and high level Federal and Regional Health professionals drawn from government and non government organizations.