Phương Pháp Nghiên Cứu Cho Sinh Viên Kinh Doanh: Hướng Dẫn Chi Tiết

Tài liệu Phương pháp dành cho sinh viên kinh doanh tổng hợp lý thuyết và thực hành, phục vụ học tập ngành phục vụ đào tạo và nghi

Trường đại học

University of Gloucestershire

Chuyên ngành

Business

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

sách

2007

652
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

135 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

How to use this book

Guided tour

Preface

Contributors

Publisher’s acknowledgements

1. The nature of business and management research and structure of this book

1.2. The nature of research

1.3. The nature of business and management research

1.4. The research process

1.5. The purpose and structure of this book

1.6. Summary

2. Formulating and clarifying the research topic

2.2. Attributes of a good research topic

2.3. Generating and refining research ideas

2.4. Turning research ideas into research projects

2.5. Writing your research proposal

2.6. Summary

3. Critically reviewing the literature

3.2. The critical review

3.3. Literature sources available

3.4. Planning your literature search strategy

3.5. Conducting your literature search

3.6. Obtaining and evaluating the literature

3.7. Recording the literature

3.8. Summary

4. Understanding research philosophies and approaches

4.2. Understanding your research philosophy

4.4. Summary

5. Formulating the research design

5.2. The purpose of your research

5.3. The need for a clear research strategy

5.4. Multiple methods choices – combining quantitative and qualitative techniques and procedures

5.5. Time horizons

5.6. The credibility of research findings

5.7. The ethics of research design

5.8. Summary

6. Negotiating access and research ethics

6.2. Problems associated with access

6.3. Strategies to gain access

6.5. Summary

7. Selecting samples

7.3. Non-probability sampling

7.4. Summary

8. Using secondary data

8.2. Types of secondary data and uses in research

8.3. Locating secondary data

8.4. Advantages and disadvantages of secondary data

8.5. Evaluating secondary data sources

8.6. Summary

9. Collecting primary data through observation

9.2. Participant observation: an introduction

9.3. Participant observation: researcher roles

9.4. Participant observation: data collection and analysis

9.5. Structured observation: an introduction

9.6. Structured observation: data collection and analysis

9.7. Summary

10. Collecting primary data using semi-structured, in-depth and group interviews

10.2. Types of interview and their link to the purposes of research and research strategy

10.3. Situations favouring non-standardised (qualitative) interviews

10.4. Data quality issues and preparing for the interview

10.6. Managing logistical and resource issues

10.7. Group interviews and focus groups

10.8. Telephone, Internet- and intranet-mediated interviews

10.9. Summary

11. Collecting primary data using questionnaires

11.2. An overview of questionnaire techniques

11.3. Deciding what data need to be collected

11.4. Designing the questionnaire

11.5. Administering the questionnaire

11.6. Summary

12. Analysing quantitative data

12.2. Preparing, inputting and checking data

12.3. Exploring and presenting data

12.4. Describing data using statistics

12.5. Examining relationships, differences and trends using statistics

12.6. Summary

13. Analysing qualitative data

13.2. Differences between qualitative and quantitative data

13.3. Preparing your data for analysis

13.4. An overview of qualitative analysis

13.5. Approaches to qualitative analysis

13.6. Deductively-based analytical procedures

13.7. Inductively-based analytical procedures

13.8. Quantifying your qualitative data

13.9. Using CAQDAS for qualitative analysis

13.10. Summary

14. Writing and presenting your project report

14.2. Getting started with writing

14.3. Structuring your project report

14.4. Organising the project report’s content

14.5. Developing an appropriate writing style

14.6. Meeting the assessment criteria

14.7. Oral presentation of the report

14.8. Summary

Bibliography

Appendices

1. Example research project titles

2. Systems of referencing

3. Calculating the minimum sample size

4. Random sampling numbers

5. Guidelines for non-discriminatory language

Glossary

Index

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qxd 13/7/06 13:36 Page 1 Fourth Edition “I think this is a great book and so do my students. Everyone who read this book said they liked it Research Methods for Business Students and that it really helped them to succeed in their project.” Professor Veronica Liljander, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland. “What makes this book useful is that it is written from the viewpoint of the active student researcher. It addresses the problems that students will meet, as they meet them, giving concrete examples based on the work of student researchers.” Helen Batley, Harrow Business School, University of Westminster. Through a unique blend of practicality and rigour, the Saunders author team provide business and management students with the knowledge, understanding and skills necessary to complete a successful research project. The fourth edition of Research Methods for Business Students is a market-leading text which brings the theory, philosophy and techniques of research to life and enables students to understand the practical relevance of the research methods. A highly accessible style, logical structure, numerous examples and useful checklists provide step-by-step guidance through the entire research process. Use this book to:  Understand both the practical application and underlying philosophy of research methods in business.  Learn from worked examples and case studies based on real student research, illustrating clearly what to do and what not to do in your project.  Gain rapid understanding and confidence in using the tools and techniques for analysis to undertake successful research. Log on to www.uk/saunders to:  Get ahead with tutorials on software packages such as SPSS and NVivo.  Make the most of the Internet as an efficient and effective research tool by using the Smarter Online Searching Guide.  Test your understanding with the multiple choice questions for each chapter. and Thornhill Saunders, Lewis Professor Mark Saunders is Head of Research at Business School. Dr Philip Lewis is Principal Lecturer, Gloucestershire Business School, University of Gloucestershire. Mark Saunders Dr Adrian Thornhill is Head of the Department of Human Resource Management, Gloucestershire Business School, University of Gloucestershire. Philip Lewis ISBN 0-273-70148-7 Cover image: © Getty Images Adrian Thornhill 9 780273 701484 Additional student support at www.com An imprint of www.uk/saunders RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page i Research Methods for Business Students Visit the Research Methods for Business Students, Fourth Edition Companion Website at www.uk/saunders to find valuable student learning material including: ■ Multiple choice questions to test your learning. ■ Tutorials on Excel, NVivo and SPSS. ■ Updated research datasets to practice with. ■ Updated additional case studies with accompanying questions. ■ Smarter Online Searching Guide – how to make the most of the Internet in your research.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page ii We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in business strategy, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page iii Research Methods for Business Students Fourth Edition Mark Saunders Philip Lewis Adrian Thornhill RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page iv Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.uk ____________________ First published under the Pitman Publishing imprint in 1997 Second edition 2000 Third edition 2003 Fourth edition 2007 © Pearson Professional Limited 1997 © Pearson Education Limited 2000, 2003, 2007 The rights of Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN: 978-0-273-70148-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 11 10 09 08 07 Typeset by 3 Printed and bound by Mateu Cromo, Artes Graficas, Spain The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page v Contents How to use this book xiii Guided tour xvii Preface xx Contributors xxii Publisher’s acknowledgements xxiv 1 The nature of business and management research and structure of this book 2 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 2 1.2 The nature of research 4 1.3 The nature of business and management research 5 1.4 The research process 8 1.5 The purpose and structure of this book 9 1.6 Summary 13 Self-check questions 14 Review and discussion questions 14 References 14 Further reading 15 Self-check answers 15 2 Formulating and clarifying the research topic 18 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 18 2.2 Attributes of a good research topic 19 2.3 Generating and refining research ideas 21 2.4 Turning research ideas into research projects 30 2.5 Writing your research proposal 38 2.6 Summary 46 Self-check questions 46 Review and discussion questions 47 Progressing your research project: From research ideas to a research proposal 47 References 48 Further reading 49 Case 2: Catherine Chang and women in management 50 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Self-check answers 51 v RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page vi CONTENTS 3 Critically reviewing the literature 54 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill, Martin Jenkins and Darren Bolton Learning outcomes 54 3.2 The critical review 57 3.3 Literature sources available 64 3.4 Planning your literature search strategy 70 3.5 Conducting your literature search 74 3.6 Obtaining and evaluating the literature 86 3.7 Recording the literature 88 3.8 Summary 91 Self-check questions 92 Review and discussion questions 93 Progressing your research project: Critically reviewing the literature 93 References 94 Further reading 95 Case 3: National cultures and management styles 96 Mike Savvas Self-check answers 97 4 Understanding research philosophies and approaches 100 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 100 4.2 Understanding your research philosophy 101 4.4 Summary 121 Self-check questions 122 Review and discussion questions 122 Progressing your research project: Diagnosing your research philosophy 123 References 124 Further reading 125 Case 4: Marketing music products alongside emerging digital music channels 126 Rick Colbourne Self-check answers 127 5 Formulating the research design 130 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 130 5.2 The purpose of your research 132 5.3 The need for a clear research strategy 135 5.4 Multiple methods choices – combining quantitative and qualitative techniques and procedures 145 5.5 Time horizons 148 vi RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page vii CONTENTS 5.6 The credibility of research findings 149 5.7 The ethics of research design 153 5.8 Summary 153 Self-check questions 154 Review and discussion questions 155 Progressing your research project: Deciding on your research design 155 References 155 Further reading 157 Case 5: The international marketing management decisions of UK ski tour operators 158 Angela Roper Self-check answers 160 6 Negotiating access and research ethics 162 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 162 6.2 Problems associated with access 163 6.3 Strategies to gain access 167 6.5 Summary 195 Self-check questions 196 Review and discussion questions 196 Progressing your research project: Negotiating access and addressing ethical issues 197 References 197 Further reading 198 Case 6: Mystery customer research in restaurant chains 199 Teresa Smallbone Self-check answers 200 7 Selecting samples 204 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 204 7.3 Non-probability sampling 226 7.4 Summary 234 Self-check questions 235 Review and discussion questions 237 Progressing your research project: Using sampling as part of your research 238 References 238 Further reading 239 Case 7: Auditor independence and integrity in accounting firms 240 Christopher Cowton Self-check answers 242 vii RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page viii CONTENTS 8 Using secondary data 246 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill, Martin Jenkins and Darren Bolton Learning outcomes 246 8.2 Types of secondary data and uses in research 248 8.3 Locating secondary data 253 8.4 Advantages and disadvantages of secondary data 257 8.5 Evaluating secondary data sources 263 8.6 Summary 272 Self-check questions 273 Review and discussion questions 273 Progressing your research project: Assessing the suitability of secondary data for your research 274 References 274 Further reading 276 Case 8: Small firms internationalisation 277 Sharon Loane Self-check answers 279 9 Collecting primary data through observation 282 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 282 9.2 Participant observation: an introduction 283 9.3 Participant observation: researcher roles 286 9.4 Participant observation: data collection and analysis 289 9.5 Structured observation: an introduction 293 9.6 Structured observation: data collection and analysis 297 9.7 Summary 302 Self-check questions 302 Review and discussion questions 303 Progressing your research project: Deciding on the appropriateness of observation 303 References 304 Further reading 304 Case 9: Exploring service quality in bank customers’ face-to-face experiences 306 Cathy Leng Self-check answers 308 10 Collecting primary data using semi-structured, in-depth and group interviews 310 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 310 10.2 Types of interview and their link to the purposes of research and research strategy 311 viii RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page ix CONTENTS 10.3 Situations favouring non-standardised (qualitative) interviews 314 10.4 Data quality issues and preparing for the interview 317 10.6 Managing logistical and resource issues 335 10.7 Group interviews and focus groups 337 10.8 Telephone, Internet- and intranet-mediated interviews 341 10.9 Summary 344 Self-check questions 344 Review and discussion questions 345 Progressing your research project: Using semi-structured or in-depth interviews in your research 346 References 346 Further reading 348 Case 10: Equal opportunities in the publishing industry 349 Catherine Cassell Self-check answers 351 11 Collecting primary data using questionnaires 354 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 354 11.2 An overview of questionnaire techniques 356 11.3 Deciding what data need to be collected 361 11.4 Designing the questionnaire 364 11.5 Administering the questionnaire 387 11.6 Summary 394 Self-check questions 394 Review and discussion questions 396 Progressing your research project: Using questionnaires in your research 397 References 398 Further reading 399 Case 11: Service quality in health care supply chains 400 David Bryde and Joanne Meehan Self-check answers 402 12 Analysing quantitative data 406 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill and Catherine Wang Learning outcomes 406 12.2 Preparing, inputting and checking data 408 12.3 Exploring and presenting data 420 12.4 Describing data using statistics 433 12.5 Examining relationships, differences and trends using statistics 440 12.6 Summary 458 Self-check questions 459 Review and discussion questions 461 Progressing your research project: Analysing your data quantitatively 462 ix RESM_A01.QXP 9/29/07 9:29 AM Page x CONTENTS References 462 Further reading 464 Case 12: The impact of family ownership on financial performance 465 Aleksandar Šević and Željko Šević Self-check answers 466 13 Analysing qualitative data 470 Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill Learning outcomes 470 13.2 Differences between qualitative and quantitative data 472 13.3 Preparing your data for analysis 474 13.4 An overview of qualitative analysis 478 13.5 Approaches to qualitative analysis 487 13.6 Deductively-based analytical procedures 489 13.7 Inductively-based analytical procedures 492 13.8 Quantifying your qualitative data 505 13.

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