DISSERTATION FOR DOCTORAL (PHD) DEGREE Le Duong Hung Anh University of Sopron Faculty of Wood Engineering and Creative Industries Sopron 2023 DISSERTATION FOR DOCTORAL (PhD) DEGREE University of Sopron Faculty of Wood Engineering and Creative Industries, József Cziráki Doctoral School of Wood Sciences and Technologies Development of new insulation material from sugarcane bagasse and examination of the insulation effect depending on temperature and humidity in Material Science and Technology PhD Program: Wood Sciences and Technologies Author: Le Duong Hung Anh Supervisor: Dr. Zoltán Pásztory, Assoc. Professor Sopron, Hungary 2023 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW INSULATION MATERIAL FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND EXAMINATION OF THE INSULATION EFFECT DEPENDING ON TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY Dissertation for doctoral (PhD) degree University of Sopron József Cziráki Doctoral School of Wood Sciences and Technologies “Wood Sciences and Technologies” programme Written by: Le Duong Hung Anh Made in the framework of …. programme of the József Cziráki Doctoral School, University of Sopron Supervisor: Dr.
Zoltán Pásztory, Assoc. Professor I recommend for acceptance (yes / no) (signature) The candidate reached ……. % at the complex exam, Sopron, 21. Chairman of the Examination Board As assessor I recommend the dissertation for acceptance (yes/no) First assessor (Dr.) yes/no (signature) Second assessor (Dr.) yes/no (signature) (Possible third assessor (Dr.) yes/no (signature) The candidate reached .% in the public debate of the dissertation Sopron, ………….
Chairman of the Assessor Committee Qualification of the doctoral (PhD) degree …. Chairman of the University Doctoral and Habilitation Council (UDHC) 1. DECLARATION I, the undersigned Le Duong Hung Anh by signing this declaration certifying that my PhD thesis entitled “Development of new insulation material from sugarcane bagasse and examination of the insulation effect depending on temperature and humidity” was my own work; during the dissertation, I complied with the regulations of Act LXXVI of 1999 on Copyright and the rules of the doctoral dissertation prescribed by the Cziráki József Doctoral School, especially regarding references and citations. 1 Furthermore, I declare that during the preparation of the dissertation, I did not mislead my supervisor(s) or the program leader with regard to the independent research work.
By signing this declaration, I acknowledge that, if it can be proved that the dissertation is not self-made or the author of a copyright infringement is related to the dissertation, the University of Sopron is entitled to refuse the acceptance of the dissertation. Refusing to accept a dissertation does not affect any other legal (civil law, misdemeanor law, criminal law) consequences of copyright infringement. Le Duong Hung Anh 1 Act LXXVI of 1999 Article 34 (1) Anyone is entitled to quote details of the work, to the extent justified by the nature and purpose of the recipient work, by designating the source and the author specified therein. Article 36 (1) Details of publicly lectures and other similar works, as well as political speeches, may be freely used for the purpose of information to the extent justified by the purpose.
For such use, the source, along with the name of the author, shall be indicated, unless this is impossible. Acknowledgements A dissertation is an important accomplishment and achievements of life. It might not be possible to complete the necessary research works reported in this thesis without the continuous assistance, advice, encouragement and cooperations of my supervisor Assoc. Zoltán Pásztory during my entire PhD study.
I have received tremendous supports for technological knowledge sharing, materials sourcing, guidance from my colleagues. Furthermore, the reported works in this could not be conducted without the cordial cooperations from the professors, teachers, and instructors from different laboratories of University of Sopron. I am very grateful to get supported from Dr. Zoltán Börcsök, Prof.
Zsolt Kovács, Zsófia Kóczán, Dr. Faridul Hassan for their continuous help and supports. Moreover, I am also grateful and conveying special thanks to the administrative bodies of University of Sopron for their kind supports during different official functioning of my Ph. study in Sopron, Hungary.
Moreover, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the “Tempus Public Foundation” for providing me financial assistance through awarding “Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship” in 2019. I am also highly grateful acknowledging the supports from project, TKP2021-NKTA-43 which has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary (successor: Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary) from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-NKTA funding scheme. Last but not least, I wish to express sincere thanks to my family and my precious friends (Doan Thi Hai Yen, Le Van Tuoi) for their great support, enthusiasm, and motivation during my difficult situations, which helped me enormously to keep patience during my Ph. Finally, I am also grateful to the almighty creators of the Universe for providing me a beautiful life with adequate strengths, capabilities, and knowledge.
Table of Contents DECLARATION. II Table of Contents. III List of Figures. VI List of Tables.
IX List of Abbreviations. X List of Notations. Problem statement, Potentiality, Gaps. Energy consumption in the building sector.
The use of thermal insulation materials. Natural fibrous insulation materials. Thermal conductivity coefficient. Factors influencing thermal conductivity of insulation materials.
Research rationale and objectives. 29 CHAPTER II: MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sugarcane bagasse fiber. Binderless coir fiber insulation boards.
Binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards. Biocomposites and other samples. Determination of thermal conductivity coefficient. Examination of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity coefficient.
Investigation of water absorption of natural fiber based insulation material35 2. Determination of moisture-dependent thermal conductivity coefficient. Surface morphology and morphological analysis of binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Thermogravimetric analysis and the first derivative thermogravimetric. Numerical simulations of heat and moisture transfer in the multi-layered insulation materials. 45 CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Determination of thermal conductivity coefficient of insulation materials.
Thermal conductivity of natural fiber reinforced polymer biocomposites. Thermal conductivity of cross-laminated coconut wood insulation panels. Thermal conductivity of binderless natural fiber-based insulation boards. Examination of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity coefficient.
Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of cross-laminated coconut wood panels. Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of binderless coir fiber insulation boards. Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards. Investigation of water absorption of natural fiber insulation boards.
Water absorption of binderless coir fiber insulation boards. Water absorption of binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards. Examination of relative humidity dependence of thermal conductivity. Relative humidity dependence of thermal conductivity of binderless coir fiber insulation boards.
Relative humidity dependence of thermal conductivity of binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards. Surface morphology and morphological analysis of binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study. Heat and moisture transfer through the multi-layered building insulation materials in stationary boundary conditions.
Heat and moisture transfer through the multi-layered insulation materials in dynamic boundary conditions. 82 CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS. 84 CHAPTER V: NOVEL FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH. 86 List of publications.
List of Figures Figure 1.1 Classification of common insulation materials used in buildings .2 Common natural fibers used in reinforcement polymer composites .3 Effect of mean temperature on thermal conductivity of various building insulation materials: (a) inorganic materials; (b) organic materials; (c) advanced materials; (d) combined materials .4 Effect of moisture content on thermal conductivity of various building insulation materials: (a) fiberglass; (b) rockwool; (c) natural materials; (d) aerogel .5 Comparison of thermal conductivity regarding the density of common insulating materials.6 Effect of density on thermal conductivity of various building insulation materials: (a) conventional insulation materials; (b) natural fibrous insulation materials .1 Coir fiber extracted from coconut husk resources .2 Bagasse fiber extracted from sugarcane waste resources .3 (a) Tested sample; (b) Schematic of polystyrene specimen holder .4 Fabrication of binderless bagasse insulation materials: (a) hydrodynamically treated fiber; (b) disc shape wet mats; (c) and dry sample .5 (a) Rice straw/reed fiber reinforced PF biocomposites; (b) Coir fiber reinforced PF biocomposites; (c) Cross-laminated made with coconut wood insulation panels.6 Transversal cut of a typical single heat flow meter apparatus .7 Photograph of water absorption process using a desiccator .8 Photograph of testing the moisture content percentage of CTCP specimen .9 Photograph of digital microscope Targano FHD equipment .10 Photograph of SEM Hitachi S-3400N equipment .11 Photograph of FT/IR-6300 equipment .12 Photograph of TGA equipment .13 Modelled image of multi-layered insulation materials with three layers (Oriented strand board-Cellulose fiber board-Oriented strand board) .14 Ambient data for temperature and relative humidity used on the exterior side of the wall: (a) summertime; (b) wintertime .1 Thermal conductivity values of CTCP regarding the increase of mean temperature .2 Thermal conductivitiy values of CTCP regarding the increase of density at different mean temperatures .3 Thermal conductivity values of BCIB regarding the increase of mean temperatures .4 Thermal conductivity values of BCIB regarding the increase of density at different mean temperatures .5 Thermal conductivity values of BBIB regarding the increase of mean temperatures .6 Moisture content of BCIB regarding the increased relative humidity levels 58 Figure 3.7 Water absorption percentages of bagasse fiberboard regarding the absorbent time .8 Moisture content of BBIB regarding the increased relative humidity levels 60 Figure 3.9 Thermal conductivity values of BCIB regarding the increased relative humidity levels .10 Thermal conductivity values of BBIB regarding the increased relative humidity levels .11 Surface morphology of binderless bagasse insulation boards .12 SEM micrographs of bagasse particles: (a) 100×; (b) 450× (magnification bars with scale in µm are given on the photographs) .13 SEM micrographs of binderless bagasse fiber insulation boards: (a) 450× , (b) 100× (magnification bars with scale in µm are given on the photographs) .14 FTIR spectra of binderless bagasse fiber insulation board .15 (a) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve, (b) The first derivative (DTG) of raw bagasse, bagasse particle, and long bagasse fiber .16 Thermogravimetric analysis curve and the first derivative of the TGA curve of bagasse fiber insulation board .17 Influence of mean temperature and relative humidity in the effective thermal conductivity values of the multi-layered wall structure at different thicknesses.18 Changes in the values of the effective thermal resistance regarding the variations of mean temperature and thickness at different relative humidity levels: (a) 33%RH; (b) 57%RH; (c) 75%RH .19 Changes in the values of the effective thermal resistance regarding the variations of relative humidity and temperature at different thicknesses: (a) 50 mm; (b) 120 mm; (c) 150 mm; (d) 200 mm .20 Changes in the thermal transmittance coefficient regarding the increase in thickness of insulation layer and variations of temperature and relative humidity .21 Changes in moisture content and moisture storage capacity regarding the variations of temperature, relative humidity at the 50 mm thickness of cellulose fiberboard .22 The effective thermal conductivity variations regarding the ambient temperature and relative humidity for 2 days in summertime and wintertime and their fitting by LSM .23 Variations of heat and moisture flux through: (a) internal; (b) external surfaces (b) in summertime .24 Variations of heat and moisture flux through: (a) internal; (b) external surfaces (b) in wintertime .25 Changes in moisture content regarding the ambient relative humidity: (a) summertime; (b) wintertime. List of Tables Table 1.1 Classification of the commonly used insulation materials and uncertainty about their thermal conductivity .2 Linear relationship between thermal conductivity and mean temperature of some commonly used insulation materials .3 Linear relationship between thermal conductivity and moisture content of some traditional, alternative, and advanced materials .4 Linear relationship between thermal conductivity and density of some natural fibrous insulation materials .5 Material cost, energy saving, and energy consumption regarding insulation thickness of various thermal insulation materials .1 Chemical compositions, physical properties of coir fiber .2 Chemical compositions, physical properties of bagasse fiber .3 Experimental design for rice straw/reed fiber reinforced PF biocomposites.4 Experimental design for long/short coir fiber reinforced PF biocomposites .5 Temperature variation between cold and hot sides .6 Solutions used for water absorption test and respective relative humidity.