Nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa ràng buộc tài chính và năng suất tổng hợp của SMEs tại Việt Nam

Nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa ràng buộc tài chính và năng suất tổng hợp của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa, cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc cho quản lý.

Trường đại học

Erasmus University Rotterdam

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2016

51
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

ABSTRACT

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research objective

1.3. Research questions

1.5. Scope of the study

1.6. The structure of the study

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Productivity: Concepts and measurements

2.2. Financial constraint and firm productivity

2.2.1. Financial constraint definition

2.2.3. Financial constraint and firm’s productivity

2.2.4. Factors impact productivity

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA

3.1. An overview of SMES in Vietnam

3.2. Measurement of variables

3.3. Research hypotheses and concept measurements

4. CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL RESULT

4.1. Total factor productivity of SMES

4.2. Total factor productivity of SMEs in Vietnam

4.3. The relationship between financial development and total factor productivity

4.4. Limitations and further research

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL CONSTRAINT AND SMEs TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY By HỒ BẢO TRÂN MASTER OF ART IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, JANUARY 2016 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL CONSTRAINT AND SMEs TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY By Hồ Bảo Trân A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Art in Development Economics Academic Supervisor Prof. Nguyễn Trọng Hoài Ho Chi Minh City, January 2016 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION This is to certify that this thesis entitled “The relationship between financial constraint and SMEs total factor productivity”, which is submitted by me in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in Development Economic to the Vietnam – The Netherlands Programme. The thesis constitutes only my original work and due supervision and acknowledgement have been made in the text to all materials used.” Hồ Bảo Trân TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would not be possible to write this master thesis without the support and the encouragement from many people. I would like to express special appreciation to my supervisor, Prof. Nguyen Trong Hoai, who I have learned a lot from his guidance, useful recommendations and valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge all the lecturers at the Vietnam – Netherlands Programme for their knowledge of all the courses, during the time I studied at the programmme. In particular, I am grateful to Dr. Tran Tien Khai, Dr. Pham Khanh Nam, and Dr. Truong Dang Thuy for their valuable comments and suggestions for my concept note, thesis research design as well as in the thesis writing process. Next, I would like express my thank you to all my friends at VNP. They have spent time learning and sharing memorable moments with me. Finally, I dedicate my thesis to my parents and my sister, who always love, take care and support me. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABBREVIATIONS CIEM: Central Institute for economic management GSO: General Statistic Office of Vietnam R&D: Research and development SMEs: Small and medium enterprises TFP : Total factor productivity UK: The United Kingdom TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT Using panel data from Vietnamese Small and Medium Enterprises Survey from 2004 to 2010, this study aims to examine the relationship between financial constraint and firm total factor productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. To achieve this objective, this study measures the total factor productivity of the SMEs. Then, this study identifies the relationship between financial constraint and total factor productivity of SMEs. Levinson-Petrin approach is used in order to calculate the total factor productivity of firm in the first step. In the second step, an estimation model is built to examine the linkage between financial constraint and firm total factor productivity. The research finds that there is relationship between financial constraint and firm productivity. For example, the relationship between firm leverage and total factor productivity of firm is positive. It means that access to large external finance can help a firm ease the degree of credit constraints, thereby increasing its capacity and survival in the market. Secondly, liquidity ratio does not have significant impact on firm productivity in Vietnam. Thirdly, firm size and firm age have positive relationship with firm productivity. In other word, firms with larger size and older will have higher productivity. Finally, firms join in export activities are found to get higher productivity than the others. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION .5 Scope of the study: .6 The structure of the study:. 3 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Productivity: Concepts and measurements .2 Financial constraint and firm productivity .1 Financial constraint definition .3 Financial constraint and firm’s productivity .4 Factors impact productivity . 12 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA .1 An overview of SMES in Vietnam .3 Research hypotheses and concept measurements .2 Measurement of variables . 22 CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL RESULT .1 Total factor productivity of SMES .2 Total factor productivity of SMEs in Vietnam .2 The relationship between financial development and total factor productivity . 32 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.3 Limitations and further research . 39 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Definition of SMEs in Vietnam .2: Concepts and measurements of variables in the study .1: Descriptive statistic of production factor variables .2: Levinsohn-Petrin Estimation of Production Technology .3: Summary of Statistics .4: The correlation matrix of Structural variables . 30 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Number of Small, Medium and Large Enterprises by Size of Capital resources 16 Figure 3.2: Number of Large, Medium and Small Enterprises by Size of Employees .1: A Fitted Plot of Total Factor Productivity versus Financial Indicators . 27 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement: The importance of financial development in raising productivity and promoting economic growth has been discussed in many reports (e., Goldsmith 1969; McKinnon 1973; Greenwood and Jovanovic 1990; Bencivenga and Smith 1991). The financial system pressure handicaps financial development and results in misallocation of resources, then reduce productivity and economic growth. As the financial systems develop well, overall economic productivity will be improved through the efficient reallocation of resources. At firm level, financial development of a firm allows a firm to appropriate new business opportunities, conduct investment and research activities, make a defense against financial and non- financial shocks and achieve higher productivity. More importantly, firm productivity is an essential indicator in transforming financial market development to economic growth at macro level. Financial constraints are prevalent problems that firms have to face in most developing countries, where finance resources are inadequate and financial institutions are underdeveloped. According to the investment climate surveys of the World Bank, including more than 26,000 firms in 53 developing countries, Hallward-Driemeier and Smith (2005) found that the cost and access to external finance was regarded as one of the top 5 problems that firms faced. The operation of financial market and the availability of credit influence the performance of firms. It prevents firms from funding all desired investments. Levine (2005), Beck et al. (2005) point out that financial constraints, including low liquid and limited access to financial resources, make the growth prospect of firms worse. Using a large panel data of firms in 47 developing countries, Ayyari et al. (2007) indicated that external finance increased innovation significantly. Similarly, Gatti and Love (2008) found that access to credit had a positive effect on TFP in Bulgaria. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com In Vietnam, manufacturing firms play an important role in the decade of economic growth. In 2014, there are nearly 70,000 businesses closed. There are many reasons such as long loss profit, management capacity, operating restrictions and lack of funds business… In which, financial market development offers a crucial impetus for enhancing firm competitiveness and catalyzing industrialization. As mentioned above, financial constraints are a prevailing problem facing firms in developing countries where capital is scarce and financial institutions are underdeveloped. The research of Minjia Chen (2010), Badia et al. (2008) suggested that financial constraints have significant effect on productivity in China and Estonia. In Vietnam, the scientific research using a panel data to find out the link between financial constraints and total factor productivity of Vietnam’s manufacturing sector is limited. This study will present the evidence of this linkage using the panel data for manufacturing firms from 2004 to 2010.2 Research objective: The study aims to examine the linkage between financial constraint and firm productivity of SMEs in Vietnam. Therefore, it has three main objectives, which can be stated as following:  To estimate the total factor productivity of SMEs in Vietnam.  To find the relationship between financial constraint and total factor productivity of SMEs in Vietnam.  To give policy implication for improving firm productivity through financial constraint. 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.4 Research questions: The main research question this study aims to answer is: 1. Is there any relationship between financial constraint and productivity of SMEs in Vietnam? 2. What are the policy implications to improve the productivity of SMEs? 1.5 Scope of the study: The study will examine the link between financial constraint and total factor productivity of SMEs in Vietnam using the panel data of 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010.6 The structure of the study: This study contains 5 main chapters, which are constructed by following: Chapter 2 reviews the literature as well as empirical study about the relationship between financial constraint and firm productivity. It begins with the definition of productivity and its measurement. Then, the linkage between financial constraint and firm productivity at firm level is discussed. Chapter 3 presents the methodology and data. This chapter provides an overview about SMEs in Vietnam, conceptual framework and model specification. Chapter 4 provides the empirical result. Finally, chapter 5 concludes the main finding, limitation and further researches. 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter will review the literature about the relationship between financial constraint and total factor productivity. Initially, the concept of total factor productivity is introduced. Then, the empirical studies of the impact of financial constraint and other factors on total factor productivity are examined. Finally, the conceptual framework is presented.1 Productivity: Concepts and measurements Productivity is normally defined as a ratio of the output volume to the input volume. In other words, it measures how much of output is acquired from a given level of inputs. Productivity = Quantity of outputs produced/ Quantity of inputs consumed Productivity measurement efforts to point out improvements in using the capital resources, that is, to motivate and evaluate efforts to produce more outputs with fewer inputs while maintaining quality. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is the fraction of output, which not explained by the amount of inputs used in production process. Thus, its level is defined by the efficiency of inputs used in production process. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is normally defined as the contribution of ‘third factor” input other than capital and labour input. The third factor is normally refer to factors including the improvement of technology and knowledge, innovation, superior management technique, as well as workers education, skills and experience. Total factor productivity cannot be measured directly. Instead, it is a residual which accounts for effects on total output not caused by inputs. In the Cobb- Douglas production function, total factor productivity is captured by the variable A. Consider the simple Cobb-Douglas function: Y = ALα Kβ , α + β = 1 Y is total aggregate output L is an index of aggregate labour input 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com K is an index of aggregate capital input A is an index of aggregate of technology or called total factor productivity α and β are the output elasticities of labor and capital, respectively. The TFP index is calculated by diving both sides of production function by LαKβ TFP = A = Y/Lα Kβ 2.2 Financial constraint and firm productivity 2.1 Financial constraint definition “Financial constraints” means that obstacles prevent firms from funding profitable investment projects. This barrier can come from credit constraints, dependence on bank loans, incapability to issue equity, or illiquidity assets. Financial constraints caused by information asymmetries and agency problems have been well demonstrated by literature to affect firm’s activities, including fixed investment, inventories, employment, and wages (e. Benito and Hernando, 2007; Nickell and Nicolitsas, 1999). Firms facing financial constraints have difficulties in raising external finance.

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