This page intentionally left blank DAVI -E LLEN C HABNER, BA, MAT Medical Language Instant Translator 6 TH EDITION 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 MEDICAL LANGUAGE INSTANT ISBN: 978-0-323-37843-7 TRANSLATOR, SIXTH EDITION Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions copyrighted 2014, 2011, 2007, 2004, 2001.
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As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-37843-7 Senior Content Strategist: Linda Woodard Content Development Manager: Luke Held Senior Content Development Specialist: Diane Chatman Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy Book Production Specialist: Celeste Clingan Design Direction: Brian Salisbury Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 WELCOME This Medical Language Instant Translator provides quick access to useful, medically related information for both laypersons and students entering health- related professions. Today we are increasingly exposed to medical terminology, whether it be at the doctor’s office, on the Internet, or in the media. Analyzing and understanding these terms allow us to participate in important issues affecting our society, as well as to make better decisions about our own health. Using this handy pocket-sized book, you will be able to do the following: • Decipher complicated medical terms by recognizing and finding the meanings of individual word parts • Distinguish between commonly misunderstood medical terms • Recognize specialized terms used in medical records • Access information on medical abbreviations, symbols, acronyms, and professional designations • Understand the definitions of commonly used diagnostic tests and procedures • Identify the top 100 prescription drugs and their uses • Understand the significance of familiar complementary and alternative medical terms • Interpret the significance of common blood tests • Visualize the location of many organs and body structures with full-color illustrations v vi WELCOME Although this Instant Translator dovetails with information in both of my books, The Language of Medicine and Medical Terminology: A Short Course, all students of medical language can benefit from it.
Please let me know how the Instant Translator works for you. Have fun using it! Davi-Ellen Chabner daviellenchabner@gmail.com CONTENTS PART I The Language of Medicine How to Analyze Medical Terms. Glossary of Word Parts used in Medical Terminology. MEDICAL WORD PARTS—ENGLISH.
ENGLISH—MEDICAL WORD PARTS. Medical Terms Easily Confused. Specialized Terms Used in Medical Records. Definitions of Diagnostic Tests and Procedures.
RADIOLOGY, ULTRASOUND, AND OTHER IMAGING PROCEDURES. NUCLEAR MEDICINE: RADIONUCLIDE SCANS. PART 2 Useful Information Abbreviations for Selected Health Care Organizations, Associations, and Agencies. Professional Designations for Health Care Providers.
vii viii CONTENTS Medical Coding Certifications. CPC-CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL CODER. CPC-H CPH HOSPITAL/FACILITY CODING. CPC-P CPC-PAYER.
CPPM-CERTIFIED PHYSICIAN PRACTICE MANAGER. CPCO-CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL COMPLIANCE OFFICER. CMCA-CERTIFIED MEDICAL CHART AUDITOR. CHISP-CERTIFIED HEALTH INFORMATICS SYSTEMS PROFESSIONAL.
Surgical Terminology and Technology. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Terms. Common Drugs and Their Uses. Major Diagnostic Categories and Diagnosis-Related Groups.
MAJOR DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORIES (MDCS). DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS (DRGS). Normal Hematologic Reference Values and Implications of Abnormal Results. BLOOD CELL COUNTS.
RED BLOOD CELL TESTS. PART 3 Body Systems Illustrations Index of Body Systems Illustrations. CONTENTS ix Lymphatic System.341 Female Reproductive System.342 Male Reproductive System.346 This page intentionally left blank PART 1 The Language of Medicine This page intentionally left blank HOW TO ANALYZE MEDICAL TERMS* Studying medical terminology is very similar to learning a new language. At first, the words seem strange and complicated, although they may stand for commonly known disorders and terms.
For example, cephalgia means “headache,” and an ophthalmologist is an “eye doctor.” Your first job in learning the language of medicine is to understand how to divide words into their component parts. Logically, most terms, whether complex or simple, can be broken down into basic parts and then understood. For example, consider the following term, which is divided into three parts: HEMAT/O/LOGY root suffix (blood) (process of study) combining vowel The root is the foundation of the word. All medical terms have one or more roots.
For example, the root hemat means blood. *From Chabner DE: The Language of Medicine, 11th ed. St Louis, Elsevier, 2017. 3 4 THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE The suffix is the word ending.
All medical terms have a suffix. The suffix -logy means process of study. The combining vowel—usually o, as in this term— links the root to the suffix or the root to another root. A combining vowel has no meaning of its own; it joins one word part to another.
It is useful to read the meaning of medical terms starting from the suffix and then going back to the beginning of the term. Thus, the term hematology means process of study of blood. Here is another familiar medical term: ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM root root suffix (electricity) (heart) (record) combining vowel Electrocardiogram, reading from the suffix back to the beginning of the term, means record of the electricity in the heart. Notice that there are two combining vowels—both o—in this term.
The first o links the two roots electr and cardi; the second o links the root cardi and the suffix -gram. Try another term: GASTR/ITIS root suffix (stomach) (inflammation) Gastritis, reading from the end of the term (suffix) to the beginning, means inflammation of the stomach. Notice that the combining vowel, o, is missing in this term. This is because the suffix, -itis, begins with a vowel.
The combining vowel is dropped before a suffix that begins with a vowel. It is retained, however, H w A z M T r 5 o to naly e edical e ms between two roots, even if the second root begins with a vowel. Consider the following term: GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY root root suffix (stomach) (intestines) (process of study) combining vowel The entire term means process of study of the stomach and intestines. Notice that the combining vowel is retained between gastr and enter, even though the second root, enter, begins with a vowel.
hen a term contains two or W more roots related to parts of the body, anatomic position often determines which root goes before the other. For example, the stomach receives food first, before the small intestine—so the word is formed as gastroenterology, not “enterogastrology.” In summary, remember three general rules: 1. READ the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across. DROP the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis, not “gastroitis.
KEEP the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology, not “gastrenterology.” In addition to the root, suffix, and combining vowel, two other word parts are commonly found in medical terms. These are the combining form and the prefix. The combining form is simply the root plus the combining vowel. For example, you already are familiar with the following combining forms and their meanings: 6 THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE HEMAT/O means blood combining form root combining vowel GASTR/O means stomach combining form root combining vowel CARDI/O means heart combining form root combining vowel Combining forms are used with many different suffixes.
emembering the meaning of a combining R form will help you understand unfamiliar medical terms. The prefix is a small part attached to the beginning of a term. Not all medical terms contain prefixes, but the prefix can have an important influence on the meaning. Consider the following examples: HYPO/GASTR/IC means pertaining to BELOW prefix root suffix v the stomach (below) (stomach) (pertaining to) EPI/GASTR/IC means pertaining to ABOVE prefix root suffix v the stomach (above) (stomach) (pertaining to) In summary, the important elements of medical terms are the following: 1.
ROOT: foundation of the term 2. SUFFIX: word ending 3. PREFIX: word beginning 4. COMBINING VOWEL: vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root 5.
COMBINING FORM: combination of the root and the combining vowel GLOSSARY OF WORD PARTS USED IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY* MEDICAL WORD PARTS—ENGLISH COMBINING FORM, SUFFIX, OR PREFIX MEANING a-, an- no; not; without ab- away from abdomin/o abdomen -ac pertaining to acanth/o spiny; thorny acetabul/o acetabulum (hip socket) acous/o hearing acr/o extremities; top; extreme point acromi/o acromion (extension of shoulder bone) actin/o light acu/o sharp; severe; sudden -acusis hearing ad- toward -ad toward aden/o gland adenoid/o adenoids adip/o fat adren/o adrenal gland *From Chabner DE: The Language of Medicine, 11th ed. St Louis, Elsevier/Saunders, 2017.