Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH: Tác động của tăng trưởng tiền tệ đến lạm phát ở Việt Nam

Nghiên cứu tác động của tăng trưởng tiền tệ đến lạm phát tại Việt Nam giai đoạn 2004-2010, phân tích và đánh giá các yếu tố liên quan.

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2010

97
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

1. CHƯƠNG 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS

1.2. STRUCTURE OF THESIS

2. CHƯƠNG 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. SOURCES OF INFLATION

2.1.1. Demand-pull inflation

2.1.2. Cost-push or structuralist inflation

2.2. AN OVERVIEW OF VIETNAM INFLATION AND MONEY GROWTH FROM 2000 TO 2010

3. CHƯƠNG 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA SOURCES

3.1. STATIONARITY AND UNIT-ROOT TEST

3.2. ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (ECM)

3.3. SHORT-RUN CAUSALITY TESTS

3.3.1. Granger causality tests

3.3.2. Impulse response function

4. CHƯƠNG 4: THE EFFECTS OF MONEY GROWTH ON INFLATION IN VIETNAM FROM 2004 TO 2010

4.1. UNIT ROOT TESTS

4.2. Engle-Granger cointegration tests

4.3. Error correction model

4.4. Johansen cointegration tests

4.5. Vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality tests, variance decomposition and impulse response function

5. CHƯƠNG 5: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATION

REFERENCES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM- NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE EFFECTS OF MONEY GROWTH ON INFLATION IN VIETNAM FROM 2004 TO 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By BUI DINH PHUONG THAO Academic Supervisor: NGUYEN VAN NGAI UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS .4 STRUCTURE OF THESIS . 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .2 SOURCES OF INFLATION . 7 Demand-pull inflation . 11 Cost-push or structuralist inflation .3 AN OVERVIEW OF VIETNAM INFLATION AND MONEY GROWTH FROM 2000 TO 2010 . 32 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA SOURCES . 34 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.1 STATIONARITY AND UNIT-ROOT TEST .3 ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (ECM) .4 SHORT-RUN CAUSALITY TESTS .49 Granger causality tests . 51 Impulse response function . 51 CHAPTER 4: THE EFFECTS OF MONEY GROWTH ON INFLATION IN VIETNAM FROM 2004 TO 2010 .1 UNIT ROOT TESTS . 55 Engle-Granger cointegration tests . 55 Error correction model . 51 Johansen cointegration tests . 57 Vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality tests, variance decomposition and impulse response function . 70 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATION . 76 REFERENCES APPENDIX UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Variables Description, Expected Signs and Data Sources .1: Description of Variables .2: Correlation among Variables .3: Unit Root Tests Results .4: Unit Root Tests for Residual ofCPI and M2 .5: Error Correction Model .6: Johansen's Cointegration Tests With 9 Lags .7: Granger Causality Tests: P-Values For The lTests .8: Variance Decomposition ofCPI (Order Reflects Cholesky Ordering) .9: The Thesis' Results in Comparison with Empirical Studies' Results . 67 • LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: The Long-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium .2: Recessionary and Inflationary Gap .3: Government Intervention When Recessionary Gap Occurs .4: An Increase In Aggregate Demand .5: Demand-pull Inflation Spiral .6: An Increase in Short-run Aggregate Supply .7: A Cost-push Inflation Spiral .8: CPI in December and Average CPI from 2001 to 2010 .9: Broad Money Growth From 2002 To 2010 .1: Impulse Response Functions . 65 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter will explain the importance of this thesis, its objectives and research questions. In addition, a brief of methodology is also mentioned in this part. Finally, the structure of thesis will be presented.lPROBLEM STATEMENT Money plays important role to the economy. Greco (200 1) suggested money has five functions which are "a medium of exchange, a standard of value, a unit of account, a store of value and a standard of deferred payment". As a medium of exchange, money helps to divide the goods exchange process into two separate parts which are purchase process and sales process. Therefore, people can buy goods at different places and sell goods in different time; hence money promotes trading activities. Furthermore, money is used as standard to measure and present value of goods as well as prices of goods. It extremely supports business to quote and record costs, products' prices and calculates value of gross domestic products (GDP), gross national products. In addition, money is preferred to keep for future consumption and prevent risks. As a standard of deferred payment, money makes payment become easier, more flexible and time-saving. It increases the liquidity of debts, thus supports businesses and economic growth. Based on its importance to the economy, money growth can affect the economy in many channels. People receiving more money are willing to consume more, thus it stimulates consumption and encourages imports. More money means more capital to make investment in order to expand companies' business. Besides, growth in money supply will sponsor government's expenditure and decrease governmental budget deficit. • Consequently, an increase in money stock may lead to growth in aggregate demand and positively affect the economy. On the other hand, high growth in money may reduce its UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com value and cause an increase in price level. Monetarists suggested that money is the main determinant of inflation while Keynesian views argued money which leads aggregate • demand to exceed aggregate supply is only one of determinants of inflation. However, Mishkin (1995) concluded that both monetarists and Keynesians believed that high inflation only possibly occurs with high money growth rate. There are also a majority of empirical studies examining the effects of money growth on inflation. Several studies suggested that money supply significantly positively influences inflation such as Moroney (2002), De Grauwe and Poland (2005), Thornton (2008), Kaufmann and Kugler (2008), Gingting and Bird (2009) and Basco, et al (2009). In contrast, some papers, for example Fie (2003), argued that the effects of money growth on inflation is insignificant. In case of Vietnam, there are different findings regarding the dependence of inflation on money supply. According to Baker, et al (2006), Goujon (2006) and Thanh (2008), money positively impacts price level. On the other hand, a research of Hung and D. Pfau (2008) pointed out this effect is unobvious. In addition, according to the Vietnam's Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung (2011), the primary goals of the government at present are to stabilize macroeconomic and to control inflation at an appropriate level. If money growth does affect inflation in Vietnam, monetary policy becomes a powerful policy for the government to maintain inflation at its target level. However, there is few studies examined and quantified the effects of money growth on inflation in Vietnam in order to define the level of increases in money supply to meet the target inflation. Therefore, this thesis aims to not only examine the influence of money growth on inflation but also estimate the level of money growth to achieve the expected inflation of the Vietnamese government in 2011. 2 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS Analyzing the impact of money supply on inflation is extremely important for the • government to conduct an appropriate monetary policy. Therefore, this thesis aims to examine the effects of money growth on price level in long-run and short-run in Vietnam. In order to meet this overall goal, the research will obtain following objectives: (i) Analyze the effects of money growth on inflation in Vietnam in long-run. (ii) Analyze the effects of money growth on inflation in Vietnam in short-run. (iii) Advise the level of money growth to meet the target inflation of the Vietnamese government in 20 11. The research questions are proposed: (i) Does money affect inflation in Vietnam in long-run? (ii) Does money affect inflation in Vietnam in short-run? (iii) Which level of money growth does meet the target inflation m 2011 of Vietnam's government? 1.3METHODOLOGY In order to examine the dependence of inflation on money growth in Vietnam in long-run and short-run, monthly data from December 2003 to June 2010 are collected from International Monetary Fund and Vietnam General Statistics Office. The research will employ descriptive statistics and econometric techniques. Descriptive analysis will firstly give a summary of all variables to provide an overview of data collection such as their distribution, central tendency and variation. Then the correlation matrix will suggest the potential relationship between each pair of variables. 3 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co In addition, the unit root tests are used to test for stationary of all variables to ensure the validation oft-tests and F-tests. After that, four econometric techniques will be applied in this thesis in order to examine the long-run and short-run effects of money growth on inflation. Firstly, to investigate the long-run influence of money growth on inflation to answer the first research question, the Enge-Granger cointegration test and error correction mechanism (ECM) are employed. Secondly, the thesis will add other determinants of inflation into a model with money growth then apply the Johansen co integration tests to re-test the effects of money growth on inflation in long-run and confirm the number of co integration equations. After that, in order to answer the second research question, vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality tests, variance decomposition and impulse response functions are used to examine the short-run impact of money on inflation. Finally, a level of money growth is forecasted by applying VECM to meet the target inflation level of the Vietnamese government in 2011 to answer the third research question.4 STRUCTURE OF THESIS The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 presents the important of the thesis' findings and its objectives. It also briefly presents the methodology is applied in the thesis. 4 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 2 demonstrates the literature review. It starts with definitions of money growth and inflation. Then the chapter focuses on Keynesian views and the quantity theory of money. After that, empirical studies regarding the effects of money growth on inflation are introduced. An overview of inflation rate and growth in money supply in Vietnam from 2000 to 2010 is also presented in this chapter. Chapter 3 is based on theories and empirical research to present an analytical framework then develop a model explaining inflation in short-run in Vietnam. This chapter will mention data sources as well as economic techniques used in the thesis. Chapter 4 presents results of hypotheses testing and suggests the level of money growth to achieve the target inflation ofVietnamese government in 2011. Chapter 5 will give the conclusion, policy implications and suggest for further studies. 5 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.co CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter will briefly describe the definitions of inflation and money supply. In addition, theories which are applied in this thesis are introduced. After that, the thesis will present empirical studies' results regarding the effects of money growth on inflation in other countries and in Vietnam. Finally, a summary of inflation growth and money growth in Vietnam from 2000 to 2010 is given to have an overview about inflation and money supply in Vietnam in this period of time.1 INFLATION Inflation is a term to indicate the continuous growth in price level over a period of time. In the words of Ackley (1978) "inflation may be defined as a persistent and appreciable rise in general level of average of price". Mankiw (2002) defined inflation is as "an abnormal increase in the quantity of purchasing power". According to Pi ana (200 1), there are four types: (i) Hyperinflation occurs when yearly price level mcreases of three-digits percentage points and an explosive acceleration. (ii) Extremely high inflation occurs when inflation rate is between 50% and 100%. High inflation is a situation when the price level increases of 30% to 50% per year. These kinds of inflation can stable or dangerously enter in an hyperinflation condition. (iii) Moderate inflation can be differently defined around the world, given the different inflation histories. As an indication only, inflation can be considered at moderate rate when it ranges from 5% to 25-30%. (iv) Low inflation can be defined from 1-2% to 5%. Around zero there is no inflation (price stability) and a country will face deflation when price level is below zero. 6 UAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 SOURCES OF INFLATION Causes of inflation raise many macroeconomic debates. This thesis only mentions theories which are related to the topic are Keynesian view and the quantity theory of money. Keynesian View Implied from Keynesian view, economists believed that there are two main groups of inflation which are demand-pull or excess-demand inflation and cost-push or structuralist inflation. Inflation occurred due to the fluctuations of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS). Therefore, in order to deeply understand two kinds of inflation, it is necessary to remind the concepts of AD and AS.

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