Lỗi phát âm phụ âm xát tiếng Anh của sinh viên năm nhất tại Đại học Hà Nội

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích lỗi phát âm âm fricative tiếng Anh của sinh viên năm nhất tại Đại học Hà Nội, cung cấp giải pháp cải thiện.

Trường đại học

Hanoi University

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Minor Thesis

2014

72
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PART I: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the study

1.2. Aims of the study

1.3. Research questions

1.4. Scope and significance of the study

1.5. Organization of the study

2. PART II: DEVELOPMENT

2.1. CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1. Received Pronunciation

2.1.2. English fricatives

2.1.3. English consonant classification

2.1.3.1. Place of articulation
2.1.3.2. Manner of articulation

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES **************** KERIM KARA COMMON ERRORS OF ENGLISH FRICATIVES MADE BY FIRST YEAR ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI UNIVERSITY (Các lỗi sai phổ biến trong việc phát âm các phụ âm xát ở sinh viên năm thứ nhất trường Đại Học Hà Nội) M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 HA NOI-2014 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES **************** KERIM KARA COMMON ERRORS OF ENGLISH FRICATIVES MADE BY FIRST YEAR ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HANOI UNIVERSITY (Các lỗi sai phổ biến trong việc phát âm các phụ âm xát ở sinh viên năm thứ nhất trường Đại Học Hà Nội) M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Dr. Huynh Anh Tuan HA NOI-2014 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I here by declare that the research paper titled “Common errors of English fricatives made by Vietnamese learners” my own work and to the best of my knowledge. It contains no materials previously published or written by another person. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have studied at Ha Noi University of Language and International Studies or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. Author Name: Kerim Kara Signature: ______________ i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Huynh Anh Tuan, who has supported me throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way. I attribute the level of my Masters degree to his encouragement and effort and without him this thesis, too, would not have been completed or written. One simply could not wish for a better or friendlier supervisor. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank to my colleagues Mr. Kadir Basaran and Mr.Abdil Karakoc, for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my mom Fikriye Kara and my brother Sinan Kara , for supporting me spiritually throughout my life. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT English, being a global language, has penetrated into the education system of almost all countries in the world, including Vietnam, as a compulsory subject at all levels and forms of education. This research was conducted to find out difficulties and possible solutions of learning and teaching pronunciation of English fricatives with three interrelated aims. The first aim focuses on figuring out errors in the pronunciation of English fricatives commonly made by first- year English majors at Hanoi University whereas the second examines possible causes that may be the contributing factors behind the pronunciation problems the students face. Upon achieving the second aim, the researcher hopes further to put forwards viable recommendations with a view to assisting students in their bid to improve their own English pronunciation skills. English, previously included the curriculum from the first year of middle school, is now officially taught for children from six years old. Foreign language centers are dramatically increasing in number, and English is the most popular foreign language offered for learners. Although English has become an important demand for schooling and job opportunities, Vietnamese people cannot pronounce English properly. Like some other languages, Vietnamese has phonotactic features that keep native learners from pronouncing English like native speakers. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1: English consonants (Gimson,1989) ………………………. 7 Table 2: English fricatives ( Raoch,1991) …………………….9 Table 3: Vietnamese consonants ( Trang Ngoc Dung, 2010) …………………. … 12 Table 4: Vietnamese initial consonants ( Tran Ngoc Dung, 2010) ………………… . …13 Table 5: Vietnamese final consonants( Tran Ngoc Dung, 2010)……………………. …13 Table 6: Confusion of fricatives ………………………………………………….29 Table 7: Intra-language replacement of English fricatives ……………………… .31 Table 8: Replaced and replacing consonants …………………………………….32 Table 9: Inter-language replacement of English fricatives………………….34 Table 10: Omission of fricatives………………………………………………… .35 Table 11: Sound addition in pronouncing English fricatives ………….38 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Vietnamese syllable structure ( Ngo Nhu Binh, 2009)……………… . 16 Figure 2: Vietnamese syllable structure ( Doan Xuan Kien, 2005)………… .16 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS L1: First language of a learner L2: Second language of a language learner NL: Native language TL: Target language RP: Received Pronunciation iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Certificate of Originality . ………iii List of tables. iv List of figures . iv List of abbreviations . iv Table of contents .1 Background to the study…………………………………………………… …….2 Aims of the study……………………………………………………………… .4 Significance and scope of the study…………………………………… .5 Organization of the study……………………………………………… .…………4 PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I : LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………… .2 English sound system ….3 English consonants and classification…………………………………….1 Place of articulation…………………………………………………… .2 Manner of articulation ………………………………………………… .4 Positions of the soft-palate…………………………………………… .4 English consonants characteristics ……………………………………… …….1 The position of English consonant in a syllable ……………………… .2 The distinction of voiced and voiceless consonants ………………… .4 Production of labio-dental fricatives /f/ and /v/……………………… . 10 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.5 Production of dental fricatives /θ/ and / ð / …………………………… .6 Production of alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/ …………………………… .7 Production of palato-alveolar fricatives /ʃ / and / ʒ/ ……………… .8 Production of glottal fricative /h/ …………………………………… .5 A phonological contrastive analysis of Vietnamese an English………… ….1 A contrastive analysis of Vietnamese and English consonant systems… .2 A contrastive analysis of Vietnamese and English syllable structure … .2 Errors and mistakes ….3 Common errors in the pronunciation of English fricatives . ……20 CHAPTER II: RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY .23 CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . Errors grouped according to sounds ……………………… .1 Errors in list reading ….2 Errors in paragraph reading ……………………………… .3 Errors in speaking …….3 Errors grouped according to types ………………………… .1 Errors in list reading…………………………………… .2 Errors in paragraph reading …………………………… .3 Errors in speaking ………………………………………… .30 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.1 Intra-language replacement ……………………………….2 Inter-language replacement ……………………………….6 Possible causes of these pronunciation errors ………….1 Confusing English fricatives ……………………… .2 Consonants unique to English …………………………….3 English distinctive syllable structure …………………… .4 Morphological difference between Vietnamese and English ……… .5 Learners‟ inflexible organs of speech ……………………………… .43 PART III: CONCLUSION .1 Summary of the study ……………………………………………… .3 Recommendations for students …………………… .4 Recommendations for teachers and students of English . …………I vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study In the age of deepening global integration, with the steady rise of English as an international language which serves as a gate way to an inexhaustible source of wide- ranging knowledge and acts as an irreplaceable bridge between nations when it comes to exchange in trade, technology, and politics, it is a necessity, if not to say a must, for all who wish to thrive, to put English under their control. However, among the four most essential English skills, namely, listening, speaking, reading, and writing, English speaking in general, and English pronunciation in particular, have always come to the forefront as the foremost challenging aspects of language acquisition (Bjarkman & Hammond, 2008), for two reasons. First, speaking is the one stubbornly posing the greatest number of challenges to not only English learners, but also native speakers, due to its complicated pronunciation (Gilbert, 2008). Second, the mastery of English pronunciation, hence, English speaking skills, naturally facilitates the acquisition of the other skills (Zhang, 2009). Good pronunciation, therefore, lays a firm foundation for language acquisition and brings confidence and trustworthiness to non-native English speakers since it is commonly used as the criterion to evaluate language proficiency (Fraser, 2000). Duong Thi Nu (2008) was in agreement with Fraser when she asserted that although Vietnamese English speakers may master extensive vocabulary and grammar, poor pronunciation still prevents them from being understood, creating chronic unintelligibility problems and lowering their credibility and prestige in the eyes of native English speakers. English, being a global language, has penetrated into the education system of almost all countries in the world, including Vietnam, as a compulsory subject at all levels and forms of education. It is a contradiction but an easily understandable fact that English pronunciation, though serving as a stepping stone for the mastery of the language, may somewhat be intentionally neglected or undervalued by both Vietnamese learners and teachers of English, due to the fact that it presents seemingly insurmountable challenges for those whose native language‟s phonetics is strikingly different from that of English (Gang, 2000). Hanoi University, formerly focusing exclusively on language teaching, provides language learners with a foundation of pronunciation the very start of 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com the course. English pronunciation, in particular, is intensively introduced to students from the first semester, using the course book named English Pronunciation In Use by Mark Hancock (2003), with a view to familiarizing students with English sound systems, stress, and intonation, thereby, equipping them with a necessary tool for further acquisition of related skills. Nevertheless, after one semester of studying pronunciation which involves extensive exercises, drillings, and testing, a sizable number of first year English majors at Hanoi University still find themselves fall short of their initial expectation and face various problems in the pronunciation of English sounds (Bui Thi Binh, 2011). Among these challenging sounds, as Nguyen Thi Phuc Hoa (1999) pointed out, English consonants, in general, and English fricatives, which pose serious challenges for non-native English speakers all around the world, in particular, stand out. What noteworthy is that even after nearly four years of frequent exposure to English and receiving a further course in English phonetics and phonology, fourth year English majors still experience the same problems in pronunciation like those of first-year (Bui Thi Binh, 2011). This is not unusual in light of many research results confirming the importance acquiring proper pronunciation in the first year of language learning. Pham Cam Chi (2009), for example, pointed out that pronunciation should be mastered from the initial stages of language learning, and that, the pronunciation problems existing beyond the first year of language learning, will likely to persist and become the habits which are really difficult for language learners to get rid of in more advanced stages. On being an English teacher of numerous students from Ha Noi University, thus, giving a chance to become fully aware of the situation, the writer of this paper would like to conduct a study to figure out the common errors committed by first-year English majors at Hanoi University in the pronunciation of English fricatives, examine possible causes of these errors, as well as offer some suggestions for overcoming these challenges. A determined effort is devoted with a sincere hope of putting forward practical recommendations to assist both teachers and students of English in the process of teaching and learning pronunciation so that common errors in pronouncing English fricatives could be minimized at the beginning stage of language acquisition. This, in turn, assists in building up language learners‟ confidence in English speaking in particular and English usage in general. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Aims of the study This research was conducted with three interrelated aims. The first aim focuses on figuring out errors in the pronunciation of English fricatives commonly made by first- year English majors at Hanoi University. The second examines possible causes that may be the contributing factors behind the pronunciation problems facing the students. Upon achieving the second aim, the researcher hopes further to put forwards viable recommendations with a view to assisting students in their bid to improve their own English pronunciation skills.3 Research questions Based on the discussion in the sections above, the research questions of this study were formulated as follows: 1.

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