i VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY POE MYAT THU ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Major: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Major code: 8580302 MASTER'S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2022 ii THIS RESEARCH IS COMPLETED AT: HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Instructor 1: Dr. Nguyen Thanh Viet, PhD Instructor 2: Dr. Do Tien Sy, PhD Examiner 1: Dr. Nguyen Hoai Nghia Examiner 2: Dr.
Pham Hai Chien Master's thesis is defended at HCMC University of Technology, VNU-HCM on 8/12/2022. The board of the Master's Thesis Defense Council includes: 1. Nguyen Anh Thu 2. Pham Vu Hong Son 3.
Council member: Assoc. Tran Duc Hoc 4. Counter-argument member 1: Dr. Nguyen Hoai Nghia 5.
Counter-argument member 2: Dr. Pham Hai Chien Verification of the Chairman of the Master's Thesis Defense Council and the Dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering after the thesis is corrected (If any). CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Dr. Nguyen Anh Thu i VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY Independence – Freedom - Happiness HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THE TASK SHEET FOR MASTER'S THESIS Full name: Poe Myat Thu Student code: 2070290 Date of birth: May 30, 1997 Place of birth: Yangon, Myanmar Major: Construction Management Major code: 8580302 I.
THESIS TOPIC: Assessment of the Impacts of Covid-19 on Construction Industry (Đánh giá những tác động của Đại dịch Covid-19 đến nền công nghiệp xây dựng) II. TASKS AND CONTENTS: Assessing the impact of Covid-19 in both negative and positive ways in Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam III. TASKS STARTING DATE: March 2020 IV. TASKS ENDING DATE: ……………………….
Nguyen Thanh Viet, Dr. Do Tien Sy HCM City, ……………. , 2022 INSTRUCTOR INSTRUCTOR Dr. Nguyen Thanh Viet Dr.
Do Tien Sy HEAD OF DEPARTMENT …………………………. DEAN OF FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING …………………………. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is my pleasure to extend my appreciation to all those who helped me to accomplish this master's dissertation work. Firstly, I would like to considerably spread my gratitude to my supervisors Dr.
Nguyen Thanh Viet and Dr. Do Tien Sy, Ph., for their excellent advice, encouragement, and support throughout my master's degree. They provided me with valuable advice and the potential to become a great researcher during the master's program. Their excellent support, keen advice, and encouragement have been the source of my inspiration.
I believe that the knowledge and skills they have given me will forever be a good help for my future life and career. Moreover, I would like to thank my classmates Febrina Vienna Soulisa (Ebi), John Emmanuel Maano, and Justine Mharzeline Guanzon (Zei), Tung, Lien, Minh, and Nhu for helping me enjoy my graduate student life, helping me to get my thesis surveys in their respective counties, and studying with me during the master's course. Furthermore, I wish to warmly and sincerely thank my family for their emotional support, patience, love, beliefs and help during my entire graduate career. Finally, I would like to thank the Burmese Community in Ho Chi Minh City for their love, encouragement, and blessings that made my task easy and comfortable.
iii ABSTRACT The world pandemic (Covid-19, Coronavirus) started to be found and spread in 2019 unexpectedly. Because of the Coronavirus, all sectors in every country were distracted, and some had to stop completely. Among them, the construction industry also faced a lot of struggles to continue the existing project and to prevent the health and safety of workers. The reason is that the construction industry needs a lot of human resources and material supplies (which need transportation from region to region).
But the primary safety standard for Covid-19 is social distancing and lockdown to protect people and materials from each other since Coronavirus can spread via air and the respiratory system. Therefore, this study aims to know the impacts affected by Covid-19 by using the Delphi Technique, including the interview with experts to investigate the level of effects, both negative and positive directions. According to the results of impacts, the completion time, the quality of the project, and the project's cost were affected consequently by providing additional items, like advanced health and safety equipment and technology to monitor or proceed with the project by staying away from each other in the construction site or workplace. Based on the positive and negative findings, the recommendation to apply in real life and to investigate the impacts of the post- pandemic era were also mentioned in this study.
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, lockdown, construction industry, human resources, material supply iv TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Đại dịch thế giới (Covid-19, Coronavirus) bắt đầu và lây lan trong năm 2019 một cách bất ngờ. Bởi vì loại virus trên, tất cả các ngành nghề ở mọi quốc gia đều bị trì trệ, thậm chí một số ngành phải ngừng hoạt động hoàn toàn. Trong số đó, ngành xây dựng phải đối mặt với rất nhiều khó khăn để tiếp tục dự án hiện có cũng như đảm bảo sức khỏe và sự an toàn của người lao động. Nguyên nhân là do ngành xây dựng cần rất nhiều nguồn nhân lực và vật tư (cần được vận chuyển từ vùng này sang vùng khác).
Nhưng tiêu chuẩn an toàn cơ bản đối với Covid-19 là giãn cách xã hội và phong tỏa để bảo vệ mọi người và vật tư vì vi-rút corona có thể lây lan qua không khí và hệ hô hấp. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm hiểu tác động của Covid- 19 bằng cách sử dụng Kỹ thuật Delphi, bao gồm phỏng vấn các chuyên gia để điều tra mức độ ảnh hưởng, theo cả chiều hướng tiêu cực và tích cực. Theo kết quả của các tác động, tiến độ hoàn thành, chất lượng và chi phí của dự án bị ảnh hưởng do cung cấp các điều khoản bổ sung, như thiết bị, công nghệ tiên tiến đảm bảo an toàn và sức khỏe để giám sát hoặc tiến hành dự án bằng cách giãn cách nhau tại công trường hoặc nơi làm việc. Dựa trên các kết quả phát hiện được, khuyến nghị áp dụng vào thực tế cuộc sống và điều tra các tác động của thời kỳ hậu đại dịch cũng được đề cập trong nghiên cứu này.
Từ khóa: Dịch Covid-19, phong tỏa, ngành xây dựng, nguồn nhân lực, cung ứng vật tư v AUTHOR'S COMMITMENT The undersigned below: Name : Poe Myat Thu Student ID : 2070290 Place and date of born : Yangon, May 30, 1997 Address : Republic of the Union of Myanmar This declaration that the master thesis entitled "Assessment of the Impacts of Covid-19 to The Construction Industry" is done by the author under the supervision of the instructor. All works, ideas, and material that was gained from other references have been cited accurately. Ho Chi Minh City, December 14, 2022 Poe Myat Thu vi CONTENTS THE TASK SHEET FOR MASTER'S THESIS. iii TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ.
iv LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF TABLES .3 Scope of Study .4 Contribution to Academic and Practical Field .1 Impacts of Covid-19 on the Construction Industry .2 General Process of Covid-19 Impacts Procedure .1 Identification of Impacts of Covid-19 .2 Assessment of the Impacts of Covid-19 .3 Interview Questions and Answers .1 Creating Interview Questions .2 Qualitative Analysis of Answers from Interview .1 Identification of the impacts of Covid-19 on the construction industry .2 Determining the most influenced impacts by Covid-19 .3 Analysis of Interview Questions .1 Responses on the Impacts of Covid-19 on the Construction Industry.2 Ranking, Comparison and Analysis of Covid-19 Impacts .1 Ranking of the Impacts of Covid-19 on Each Country .2 Comparison of Impacts between Four Countries .3 Spearman Test Results .4 Cronbach’s Alpha (Reliability) Test of The Covid-19 Impacts .5 ANOVA Test Result .3 Data Analysis of the Impacts of Covid-19.1 EFA Analysis of Negative Impacts of Covid-19 .2 Discussion on Each Component of Negative Covid-19 Impacts .3 EFA Analysis of Positive Impacts of Covid-19.4 Discussion on Each Component of Positive Covid-19 Impacts .4 Qualitative Analysis of Interview Questions .1 NVivo Result for the Covid-19 Impacts in Indonesia .2 NVivo Result for the Covid-19 Impacts in Myanmar .3 NVivo Result for the Covid-19 Impacts in Philippines .4 NVivo Result for the Covid-19 Impacts in Vietnam .5 Comparison of the Impacts of Covid-19 Between Four Countries. 74 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 1 Covid-19 Confirmed Cases in Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam 1 Figure 1.
2 Comparison in percent of GDP between the Covid-19 pandemic and GFC. 3 GDP Growth in Southeast Asia. 4 IMF projections of real GDP growth rate (2020-2025). 1Delphi Technique -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Figure 2.
2 Identification of Impacts for Interview by Literature Review ------------------- 16 Figure 3. 1 Research Flow Diagram ------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 Figure 3. 2 Monotonic Function (Increasing, Decreasing, and Non-monotonic) ----------- 20 Figure 4. 1Percentage of Respondents by Nationality --------------------------------------------- 25 Figure 4.
2 Percentage of Respondents by Year of Experience -------------------------------- 26 Figure 4. 3 Percentage of Respondents by Size of Organizations ----------------------------- 27 Figure 4. 4 Percentage of Respondents by Type of Organization ----------------------------- 28 Figure 4. 5 Non-monotonic Relationship --------------------------------------------------------- 36 Figure 4.
6 Scree Plot for Negative Covid-19 Impacts------------------------------------------ 45 Figure 4. 7 Scree Plot for Positive Covid-19 Impacts ------------------------------------------- 50 Figure 4. 8 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Projects in Indonesia Before Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Figure 4. 9 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Indonesia During Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 Figure 4.
10 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Projects in Indonesia After Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 Figure 4. 11 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Projects in Myanmar Before Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 Figure 4. 12 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Myanmar During Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 Figure 4. 13 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Myanmar After Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 ix Figure 4.
14 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Projects in Philippines Before Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 Figure 4. 15 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Philippines During Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 Figure 4. 16 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Philippines After Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 Figure 4. 17 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Projects in Vietnam Before Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 Figure 4.
18 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Vietnam During Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 Figure 4. 19 NVivo result for the Condition of Construction Project in Vietnam After Covid-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 x LIST OF TABLES. 1 Identification of Impacts from Literature Review. 1 The Attribution of Sample …………………………………………………… 19 Table 3.
2 KMO Test Interpretation. 3 Cronbach's Alpha Interpretation. 1 Percentage of Respondents by Role & Position………………………………. 2 Top 3 impacts of Covid-19 on the construction industry in Myanmar.
3 Top 3 impacts of Covid-19 on the construction industry in Vietnam. 4 Top 3 impacts of Covid-19 on the construction industry in Indonesia. 5 Top 3 impacts of Covid-19 on the construction industry in Philippines. 6 Comparison of Negative Impacts of Covid-19 on the Construction Industry among Four Countries.
7 Comparison of Positive Impacts of Covid-19 on the Construction Industry among Four Countries. 8 Spearman rank correlation test between countries for the negative impacts. 9 Spearman rank correlation test between countries for the positive impacts. 10 Reliability Test for Negative Covid-19 Impacts.
11 Reliability Test for Positive Covid-19 Impacts. 12 ANOVA result on Negative Covid-19 Impacts. 13 ANOVA Result on Positive Covid-19 Impacts. 14 KMO and Bartlett's Test for Negative Impacts by Covid-19.
15 Total Rotated Variance Explained for Negative Impacts. 16 Components for Negative Covid-19 Impacts. 17 Reliability Test for Components .