MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) USING DNA BARCODES Majors : BIOTECHNOLOGY Undergraduate code : 7420201 Undergraduate name : LE TRAN QUOC ANH Term : 2019 — 2023 Ho Chỉ Minh City, March 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) USING DNA BARCODES Advisor Undergraduate NGUYEN VU PHONG, LE TRAN QUOC ANH Assoc Prof. Ho Chi Minh City, March 2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to teachers, professors at Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City also at Faculty of Biological Sciences who gave me the precious opportunity to fulfil my study programme. Thanks should also go to our mentor Assoc. Nguyen Vu Phong all for all of his time and tireless efforts throughout the year.
Your insightful counsel and guidance were exceedingly helpful to me during the project’s completion. You have my sincere gratitude in this regard. I would like to thank M. Tran Thi Thu Ha, the academic advisor of the DH19SHB class, and classmates helping me during my study program.
I had the pleasure of working with Ms. Doan Thi Thanh Tuyen, M.Truong Quang Toan, Ms. Dang Huynh Thuy Vy, along with colleagues in the laboratory. Lastly, I’d like to mention my parents for their unwavering support in partnering with me to pursue this path of study.
CERTIFICATED BY AUTHOR My name is Le Tran Quoc Anh, ID: 19126009, Class: DH19SHB of Biotechnology major at Nong Lam University in Ho Chi Minh City, Email: 19126009@st. I declare: This is a graduation thesis written directly by myself; the data and information in the study are completely honest and objective. I am fully responsible to the board for these commitments. Ho Chi Minh city, 28th March 2024 Student 1 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assessing the genetic diversity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) through DNA barcodes using PCR technique, phylogenetic analysis.
First, total DNA of black pepper samples was extracted according to CTAB method and DNA quality was examined by electrophoresis on 1% agarose and spectrometer. Six published primer pairs (rbcLaF-rbcLaR, matK-390F-matK-1326R, psbA3F-trnHFO5R, ITS1- ITS4, atpF¥-atpH, rpoC1_2F-rpoC1_4R) were used to amplify six DNA barcodes regions (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, ITS1-ITS4, atpF-atpH, rpoC) with an optimal annealing temperature for rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, rpoC at 55°C and ITS1-ITS4, atpF- atpH at 50°C. After PCR, the amplified PCR products were sequenced. The obtained sequences were edited using Chromas 2.6 and BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor software and pairwise alignment with the available sequences on Genbank (NCBI) to identify the similarity and query cover of the P.
Constructing phylogenetic relationship between the P. nigrum accessions was conducted by the MEGAII software with the algorithm Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joiming methods. The result showed that six DNA barcodes were successfully amplified with 507 to 518 bp of rbcL, 805 to 827 bp of matK, 325 bp of trnH-psbA, 630-727 bp of ITS, 679 to 711 bp of atpF-atpH, and 527 bp of rpoC for three sample each, respectively. Key words: DNA barcodes, rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, ITS1-ITS4, atpF-atpH, rpoC, Phu Quoc, phylogenetic analysis, Piper nigrum, Vinh Linh, Ha Tien.
ill TABLE OF CONTENT Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.D00086 1 CERTIFICATED BY AUTHOR sásceeneesnessgtdng1g35140133134865555E480G1G1458426153853154888E8 1 BIS TREAD cossscssbsgsaSigtssekoiloxSu038553118L0i8gS0 seas dgà9à201g486348gs8i:58sEÐxisÓgdithsiv3ltsö2uibista2g621166.ãd483gE33E 1H HA HI,BHOIE CON BÌNH]: esessiesesaoiBi65601466610166566263860410083306G883685983483h383Su3043009020004860885680g008. 1V ABBREVIATIONsescsssepsesannsss G0121 06 8150110030188663813404G8SBESNSER24BSSSGEUELESHE-GTEHSGGLGEENĐSS.280L3835- vi LIST OF TABLES 1115577. Vill 12L: OP (DO. EDSbsossuzissoisSesgtasosSib2gløsd0s2M0u/sig208puagsisiBakojlrgiEprdieDsatsgigEtoig02i 2gquïnShsdonldgfosniniudSe 1X CHAPTER 1; INTRODUCTION scess:csscensassexmansncexunqauesnane sanvseus tanesneh pavarnie bianaae BAERS 1 ML NPAC SINT.
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Investigate the annealing temperature suitable for PCR reaction. Analysis of genetic relationships based on DNA barcode sequences and building phylogenetic trees oo. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Lotal DNA extrac toll sx¿s-sssssszsiisx55:161619159800009295308083E5G4GS24BgS905LS33S.
Examining the annealing temperature suitable for PCR reaction. Determining the sequence of the DNA bareode. DNA sequence datasanally sis’ s‹ssszssssssssscssstesgeslBiaEU55.ccceceesceeseesceeseeseeseeeseeecesecseeeaeceeeesecceeseeneteaeensenees 40 BhocMOC, TERT OM. TAH ps DA TOG OU sess cancenennsnarasieragncex SiSGi2-80420E88404138/G1u.S2wSS1SL emectenpanneudh bereeee toed 42 =6 06.
REBTGÌNLsseexsseesksaBidniuikdiekddkidrhathhi bougutLaogvbusioddstgzduggrdzuipouisuosiiodudktigiiagEisiuSidueganigApouicsổ 46 2ESR 10,05 210)| ee ae ee ee ee 48 4. atpF-atpH region 0. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.------c--c-c+cc-recee 56 Sel: CONCIUSION cxerseremcnrreseeestestrnest sere ene aeuns van inanmem peserernemmesrm eee TREE 56 5. 57 APPENDIX ABBREVIATION ATP: Adenosine triphosphate A: Adenine bp: Base pair BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool CBOL: Consortium for the Barcode of Life Ce Cytosine COI: Cytochrome Oxidase ] DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid DNAML: DNA Maximum Likelihood program dNTP: Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate EB: extraction buffer GA: Genebank Accession G: Guanine HT: Ha Tien I: Identification ITS: Internal Transcribed Spacer IPC: International Pepper Community ISSR: inter simple sequence repeat mafK: maturase K gene ML: Maximum Likelihood NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information NJ: Neighbour Joining ntDNA: inherit nuclear DNA PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction PHYLIP: PHYLogeny Inference Package PQ: Phu Quoc OD: Optical density OUT: operational taxonomic unit QC: Query Cover VI RAPD: Random amplified polymorphic of DNA rbcL: ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase round per minute rpoC: RNA Polymerase B’ Subunit RAPD: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA SRAP: Sequence-related amplified polymorphism Thymine Tm: Temperature melting Ta: Temperature annealing UPGMA: Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic VL: Vinh Linh WWE: World Wildlife Fund VI LIST OE TABLES Page Table 3.
Black:pepper samples liSteccc2encoenecouraenme nee 16 Table 3. Components of PCR reactions appTOPTIA{€.-- --- 255-5222 * +22 £+sx++czsesss 17 Table 59. Primers using in this SfUdY,. OD measurement results to check the purity of DNA.
Results of alignment of rbcL region of three samples sequences with those Ott INCB EoannernannnsnoiieisoikitotobciiSSGUSSSĐS004BS4BSSSSESSBS0S00508939E8SISIĐGSS.EGHS0-NSBG0GERUHEHEG. Variable sites in rbcL sequences from different Piper nigrwm. Results of alignment of atpF-atpH region of three samples sequences with tHfose Git NC lsteeoseaaistsioeoslsostilssiloogtil2C0s84859c0S80ldgãt0tdinilbgbilsubosoBsspilslioctaiöautsiassl 30 Table 4. Variable sites in atpF-atpH sequences from different Piper nigrum.
Results of alignment of ITS1-ITS4 region of three samples sequences with 00805101. Variable sites in ITS sequences from different Piper nigrH1. Results of alignment of ma/K region of three samples sequences with those GH11N CB Cee ee ee ee ee eS Table 4. Variable sites in matK sequences from different Piper 00ig†I1.
Results of alignment of trnH-psbA region of three samples sequences with those Off NCBI ssesscsscssassssesrecrmse nanos ama aap aneans au 35 Table 4. Variable sites in psbA-trnH sequences from different Piper nigrum. Results of alignment of rpoC region of three samples sequences with those Ò:80I010015—. Variable sites in rpoC sequences from different Piper nigrum.
Sequence length and (G + C) % content of barcode regions in 3 samples 39 Table 4. Characteristic features of 6 DNA barcodes among 3 sample and those on Table 4. Results of comparing psbA-trnH + matK + atpF-atpH + rpoC + rbcL + ITS1-ITS4 region of three samples sequences with those on NCBI.-- -- 54 vill LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4. Electrophoresis of total DNA extracted from 3 black pepper —: Figure 4.
Determine the annealing temperature at 50°C (a, Ð; 55°C (b, e, d, e). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of rbcL by Maximum Likelihood HifGTITDCzorzatpcgsouivipbcoiSgE19/00i7062g0L00/010HG60/0000EMDSST3GPS021/0/702EE/B7EGISSDEENUSSĐISESEEEHEEDERGSSISTEUnliBSmSi 41 Figure 4. Evolutionary relationships of of rbcL in taxa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of psbA-trnH by Maximum Likelihood ME HD cas anninsiicsnsitionnnnstedsnetiiainwinstiionsiin diana aiveuinsnnd@nseninnibsinesinotitinsttiendibniatiocudnanitieadGoeinnenldSetnneisid 43 Figure 4.
Evolutionary relationships of of psbA-trnH in taxa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of J7S/-JTS4 by Maximum Likelihood MCh Od, s05666556951806 2ng 00g G601G03xS2SàgSE1838/213G589580086935857413 SEESSSESBSEIS+GSS8SSEX215851040131851356908900068018 45 Figure 4. Evolutionary relationships of of J7S/-JTS4 in taXa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of matK by Maximum Likelihood "00 0.
Evolutionary relationships of of matK in taXa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ypoC by Maximum Likelihood TTle er ate i ns SS 49 Figure 4. Evolutionary relationships of of rpoC 1m taXa.-- ---- ©5525 =++<++ec+sss+ 50 Figure 4. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of atpF-atpH by Maximum Likelihood Method.
sigizz2nti 00-557 10HLESG S8E8+S1SEDNSEBEIEEDXSBISSESEEREGBSHISESSESDISGBSRSS0)SS)S2g8L3BS13031804S:20BBgt9 88n. Evolutionary relationships of of atpF-atpH in taXa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of rbcL + ITSI-ITS4 + matK + atpF- atpH + psbA-trnH + rpoC by Maximum Likelihood method. Introduction The origins of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) can be related to the western Indian Ghats region, where a variety of long-growing wild cultivars can be found.
Then, about 600 AD, Java was introduced to black pepper by the Hindus in Indonesia. Malaysia began cultivating black pepper at the end of the 12 century. By the 18" century, black pepper had spread to Sri Lanka and Cambodia. During the early 1900s, black pepper was grown in numerous tropical nations, including Africa with Madagascar, Nigeria, the Congo, and America with Brazil, Mexico, etc.
It prospered only in the 18th century, when some Chinese immigrants brought black pepper along the River Cuu Long. They traveled through Ha Tien Alley in Kien Giang province before steadily spreading to other provinces in the central region, including Quang Tri, Thua Thien-Hue, and others (Khon, 2006). Pepper is utilized in a variety of applications, including spice, medicine, flavoring, and insecticides. Aromatherapy and the pharmaceutical industries rely on pepper essential oil, a substance with a unique scent (Parthasarathy ef a/.
Pepper covers just approximately 2.5% of the total 2 million hectares of industrial crops, yet its export value is 2.6 times that of coffee, 3.8 times that of cashews, 4 times that of rubber and coffee, and 6 times that of tea trees. Consequently, the pepper sector holds a significant position and makes a substantial contribution to national growth. Many molecular biology techniques have been used recently, including molecular taxonomy, to identify genetic diversity. In contrast, DNA barcoding is a new approach that has been studied and widely implemented around the world to aid in classification, phylogenetic diversity evaluation, and genetic resource conservation.
This technique 1s based on the organism's genome and evolutionary nature (the DNA sequence of the organism's genes) to help quickly identify the organism in the taxonomy system, as well as the relationships and origins of the surveyed organisms for conservation and breeding (Nguyen Truong Giang, 2017). In the world, many countries such as India, China have researched and applied DNA barcodes technique in evaluating genetic relationships and species identification on black pepper, but few in Viet Nam. Therefore, the thesis titled “Assessment of genetic diversity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using DNA barcodes” was undertaken with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity among black pepper cultivars. By employing DNA barcoding regions (rbcL, mafK, trnH-psbA, ITS1-ITS4, atpF-atpH, rpoC), the study sought to determine a unique DNA barcode for each black pepper cultivar.