BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƢỚC VIỆT NAM TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH ĐÀO TRUNG ANH CÁC NHÂN TỐ ẢNH HƢỞNG ĐẾN BIÊN LÃI RÕNG CỦA HỆ THỐNG NGÂN HÀNG THƢƠNG MẠI VIỆT NAM KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CHUYÊN NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH - NGÂN HÀNG MÃ SỐ: 7340201 TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2022 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƢỚC VIỆT NAM TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH ĐÀO TRUNG ANH CÁC NHÂN TỐ ẢNH HƢỞNG ĐẾN BIÊN LÃI RÕNG CỦA HỆ THỐNG NGÂN HÀNG THƢƠNG MẠI VIỆT NAM KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CHUYÊN NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH - NGÂN HÀNG MÃ SỐ: 52340201 NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC THS. NGÔ SỸ NAM TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2022 i ABSTRACT The banking system plays an important role in the economy of a country.
Not only acting as a bridge between actors in the economy but the banking system also ensures the stability of other activities in the economy. For commercial banks in Vietnam, traditional lending activities contribute a large part to the total income of the bank. Specifically, this lending activity accounts from 70% to 80% of the bank's total income. Over the years, due to the strong development of modern technology, fierce competition on lending interest rates and deposit interest rates among banks has occurred.
In recent years, commercial banks in Vietnam have been developing new products and services to attract potential customers. However, income from traditional lending activity still accounts for the majority of the total income of banks. And to measure the efficiency of lending activities at banks, the author uses the net interest margin - the difference between the interest earned and the interest paid by the bank divided by the total assets of the bank. There have been many research articles by both domestic and foreign authors on the same topic, agreeing that net interest margin is considered an important indicator to measure the performance of a bank.
Through this net interest margin ratio, the bank can control the interest income and the amount of interest payable to the lender compared to the profitable assets and evaluate the efficiency of using the bank's assets. Research results are the scientific basis for Vietnamese commercial bank managers to make reasonable and correct decisions and policies, bringing high efficiency to the bank and promoting economic development. The study of Thomas SY Ho & Anthony Saunders (1981) studied the factors affecting the ratio of net interest margin in Ethiopia, this is one of the basic studies and lays the basis for later studies on net interest margin. Factors affecting net interest margin include both micro and macro factors.
Most of the studies focus on variables such as bank size, risk aversion, liquidity ratio, credit risk, management quality, the scale of lending operations, operating costs, non-interest income, total ii deposits, liquidity risk, cost efficiency, implicit interest payment costs, efficiency measure to scale, reserve policy at state banks, inflation economic growth rate,. The objective of the study is to clarify the level of impact as well as the direction of the factors on the net interest margin of 29 commercial banks in Vietnam. From there, propose solutions to improve the NIM ratio and contribute to improving the operational efficiency of banks in Vietnam. Panel data are used over a 10-year period, from 2011 to 2020 with 290 observations.
The study uses a quantitative method. Run variable regression model to test the fit through Pooled OLS, FEM, REM models. The collected data will be processed on Stata 14 software. The study's layout is divided into 5 chapters.
In chapter 1, the author mentioned the important role of commercial banks in the economy, specifically how bank operation affects the economy. Overview of the operation of commercial banks in Vietnam in recent years. Briefly summarize the opinions of the authors of previous studies on how to use net interest margin to measure and evaluate the performance of banks. From there, it shows the reasons for choosing the research topic of the author.
Chapter 1 also mentions the goal of the study and to achieve the goal of the research, the author has proposed issues to progress towards the implementation of the overall goal of the research paper. In addition, this chapter also presents the research objective, research object, research scope, research method, and thesis layout. At the end of chapter 1, the author mentioned the meaning and contribution of the research topic. In chapter 2, the author presents the basis of the theories used in the research.
Regarding commercial banks, the author presented the main concepts and functions: credit intermediary function, payment intermediary function, and money creation function of commercial banks in Vietnam. In addition, the author also mentions the basic activities of commercial banks, which are extracted according to the provisions of the law on credit institutions and the classification of existing commercial banks in Vietnam. Regarding the net interest margin ratio, the author iii also briefly presents the concept, calculation formula, and meaning of the net profit margin ratio. Besides, the author also summarizes the results of the latest research on the same topic of many authors, both domestic and foreign.
The table summarizes the results of the variables used in the author's model from previous studies. The variables used in the model include micro and macro variables. Micro variables include bank size, loan size, liquidity, management efficiency, operating costs, and diversification. Microscopic variables include economic growth and inflation rate.
In addition, the author also presents the impact results of each variable from previous studies. In chapter 3, the author builds a research model based on the references of many previous studies. Specifically, the model includes 8 dependent variables, bank size (SIZE), loan size (LOAN), liquidity (LIQ), management efficiency (TEATA), operating cost (OC), diversification (NIITA), economic growth (GDP), and inflation rate (INF). Besides, the author summarizes the variables and the expected sign of each variable in the model.
From the reference of many previous studies on the same topic, the author also proposed a research hypothesis for each variable in the model. At the end of chapter 3, the author presents the steps to test the model. First, the data will be calculated and presented in the form of panel data. Then, test the correlation and multicollinearity between the variables through the VIF test.
Next, perform a best-fit model search between the OLS, FEM, and REM models. To choose between OLS and FEM models, the author uses F-test. Next, use the Hausman test to consider the choice between FEM and REM models. Finally, the author tests the defects of the model, specifically considering the phenomenon of multicollinearity, the phenomenon of error variance, and the phenomenon of series correlation.
All will be tested on Stata 14 software. Chapter 4 mention the current situation of commercial banks in Vietnam in the period 2011 to 2020. Accordingly, the growth rate of equity and average lending tends to decrease over the years. During this period, from 2011 to 2015, banks in iv Vietnam carried out restructuring according to the regulations of the Prime Minister of Vietnam.
Therefore, by the end of 2015, the average growth rate of deposits increased dramatically, reaching 134. The research model result shows that the FEM model is more suitable and explains better than the REM model about the influence of factors on the net interest margin of banks through measuring the impact on NIM. The final results show that most of the independent variables have the same effect as the initial expectation. Specifically, bank size (SIZE), loan size (LOAN), management efficiency (TEATA), operating costs (OC), and inflation rate (INF) have a positive impact on the net interest margin.
Meanwhile, the remaining variables, liquidity (LIQ), diversification (NIITA), and growth rate have negative effects on net profit margin. Of the above variables, the results of the operating cost (OC) variable have a confidence level of up to 99%. When the bank increased operating expenses by 1%, the net interest margin increased by 71. Banks increase operating costs in activities such as investing in human resources or investing in products and services to improve customer experience or expanding branches and using advertising to attract customers.
All of which benefit the bank and contribute to the bank's profitability. This helps to increase the net interest margin. On the other hand, at the 10% significance level, liquidity (LIQ) shows the opposite effect. Specifically, when commercial banks increased their liquidity by 1%, their net interest margins decreased by 1.
The Bank holds many liquid assets, contributing to minimizing liquidity risks and ensuring the safety of the bank's operations. However, the more liquid an asset is, the lower the profitability of the asset. Since then, the net interest margin of banks has decreased. From the above results, chapter 5 proposes solutions and recommendations for commercial banks in Viet Nam to improve the net interest margin of the commercial banking system.
Specifically, for the issue of bank expansion, banks need to focus on training and developing human resources in a commensurate v manner. For the problem of loan expansion, controlling loans to avoid causing inflation is very important. Therefore, banks need to comply with the credit regulations of the State Bank. For cost management, banks should invest in things like employee compensation and benefits, invest in technology systems, and invest in communication to enhance customer experience and attract more customers.
In this chapter, the author also points out the remaining limitations in the author's research. And propose expansion directions for future research papers on the same topic. vi LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tác giả xin cam đoan, bài nghiên cứu với đề tài “Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến biên lãi ròng của hệ thống ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam” là công trình nghiên cứu của tác giả. Kết quả trong bài nghiên cứu là hoàn toàn trung thực, các thông tin và nội dung tác giả tham khảo đều đƣợc trích dẫn nguồn đầy đủ.
Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 3 năm 2022 Tác giả Đào Trung Anh vi LỜI CẢM ƠN Lời đầu tiên, tác giả xin cảm ơn chân thành đến quý thầy cô của trƣờng Đại học Ngân hàng TP. Hồ Chí Minh đã trang bị nền tảng kiến thức vững chắc cho tác giả trong suốt quá trình học tập tại trƣờng. Tác giả cũng xin gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành nhất đến giảng viên hƣớng dẫn, Thạc sỹ Ngô Sỹ Nam. Thầy luôn nhiệt tình chỉ bảo trong những ngày đầu tác giả chuẩn bị làm khóa luận cho đến khi hoàn thành.
Thầy cũng rất tận tâm trong quá trình sửa bài và góp ý giúp bài nghiên cứu của tác giả đƣợc hoàn thiện hơn. Bên cạnh đó, trong suốt quá trình thực hiện khóa luận, thầy cũng luôn động viên và luôn tạo điều kiện tốt nhất để tác giả có thể hoàn thành bài khóa luận của mình. Tác giả cũng xin cảm ơn gia đình và bạn bè, những ngƣời luôn động viên và hỗ trợ tác giả trong suốt quá trình thực hiện khóa luận. Trong quá trình thực hiện khóa luận, do sự hạn hẹp về kiến thức cũng nhƣ sự giới hạn của thời gian, bài nghiên cứu sẽ không tránh khỏi những thiếu sót.
Do đó, tác giả mong quý thầy cô nhiệt tình góp ý để tác giả hoàn thiện hơn nữa bài nghiên cứu này. Trân trọng cảm ơn! Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 3 năm 2022 Tác giả Đào Trung Anh vi MỤC LỤC ABSTRACT i DANH MỤC TỪ VIẾT TẮT xi DANH MỤC BẢNG xii DANH MỤC HÌNH ẢNH xiii CHƢƠNG 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ NGHIÊN CỨU 1 1.2 Mục tiêu nghiên cứu 3 1.3 Câu hỏi nghiên cứu 3 1.4 Đối tƣợng và phạm vi nghiên cứu 3 1.5 Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu 4 1.6 Bố cục của khóa luận 5 1.