VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUAT UDIES NGUYEN TL NHÀI FACTORS CAUSING STUDENTS! ANXTETY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASSES IN LE QUY DON HIGH SCHOQL, DONG DA, HANOI (Các nhân tô gây lo lằng cho học sinh trong việc nói tiếng Anh trên lớp tại trường THPT Lê Quý Đôn, Đẳng Đa, Hà Nội ) M.A MINOR THESIS Wield: English Tcaching Methodology Code: 60.10 1IANOI — 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. 1 ACKNOWDLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT. i TABLE OF CONTENTS. Alis and objectives of the stuủy.
Scope of the sludy 5. Methods of the study. Organization of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT. CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Theoretlcal background of anxiefy. Definitions of anxiety 4 2. Types of anxiety. Trait anxiety, state anxiety and situation - specific anxiety.3, Situation-specific Anxiety.2, Facilitating Anxicly and Debilitaling Anxicly, IL.
Theorctical background of foreign lmguage classroom atisiCÉÿ. Deñnition of foreign language classroem arEdef. Barly studies of foreign language anxiety. 3, Components of forcign language anxict 3.
Fear of negative evaluation. Manifestations of foreign language leaming anxiety. - 12 5, Sourogs of forcign language anxicly. Gender in foreign language anxiety.
BiTeels of forcign language learning ar 16 7. Foreign language anxiety and its associations wath three stages of language learning. Foreign language learning ansiely and ils associations wilh language achieVEMEN esses seseeneeneomeneneievesinens ne "` a). 19 8, Language anxiety in the speaking skill.
CHAPTER I: METHODOLOGY _- Tu 22 1. Students' journal writings 7 - 23 3. Chapter IM: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. 24 L FINDINGS 24 1, Students’ anxiety through teacher's observation.
Students ansiety through students' journal writing. Fear of nking mistakes and negativs evaluation. Lear of testing. Fear of being focus of attention.4, Comparison with oneself’ and with other students.
Relationship between teacher and studemts. Result of lew achicvcment. 28 Lack of vocabulary. Dilficultias in promun 28 Difficulties in grammar 29 LL.
DISCUSSION " “ - LIL SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS.4 Trait anxiety, state anxiety and situation - specific anxiety Usually aniiety is classified into trait anxiety, state anxiety and situation-specific anxiety, 2. Trait anxiety Trait anxiety has been referred to as "a constant condition without a time limitation” (Lewitt, 1980, p.11) and it is a stable feature of personality, referring to an “acquired belmvioral disposition thal predisposes wn individual to poresive a wide range of objectively non-dangerous cucumstances as threatening" (Spielbarger, 1966, p. Mischal and Peake (1982) and Undler (1980) submitted that "I'aits are meaningless, they are considered in interactions with situations". The four trait anxiety scale options are: (1) "Almost never” which responses indicates lowest degree of trait anxiety, (2) "Sometimes", (3) "Often"; and (4) "Almost always" which signifies the highest degree of trail anxicly.
State anxiety State anxiety, on the one hand, is fleeting and not an enduring characteristic of an individual's personality. 11 is a "transilory slate or condition of the orgarusim thal varices in. intensity and fluctuates over time" (Speilberger, 1966, p. The four stale aradoly sealo options arc (1) “Nol al all” which points to the towes! level of state anxiety; (2) "Somewhat", (3) "Moderately so”; and (4) "Very nmch so" which reflects the highest degree of state anxiety.
Morris et al. (1981), in their definitions of both state øpdiety and trail anxiety, take into account the importance of "situation": "State amaety refers to transitory experiences of tension, apprehension, and activation of the autonomic nervous system in certain situations, whercas trail, anxicly refers lo 4 personality variable of anxicly pronensss, [he tandency to experience state anxiety in a variety of situations" (p. Situation-specifie Anxiety PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER T: LITERATURE REVIEW In this review of literature, I shall state theoretical background of anxiety in general, as well as foreign language anxiety and language anxiety in speaking skill. Theoretical background of anxiety EL.
Definitions of anxiety There has heen a vaticly of sludics carried onl. Simply speaking, anxicly is a kind of troubled feeling in the mind. It is “a subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the automatic nervous system" (Horwilz, 1986) or “the womy and negative emotional reaclion aroused when learning a second language” (MacIntyre, 1999). Second language anxiety is defined here as distinct complenity of self: perception, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors related to using a forcign/ sceond language for communication beyond class language.
Hansen (1977) called anxiety as "an experience of general uneasiness, a sense of foreboding, a feeling of tension” ¢p. Anxiety might exert a deleterious influence on language achievement, and equally intuilively, thal poor language achievernent might arouse even more anxiety. According lo Hilgard, “anxicly is a psychological consiruel, commonly described by psychologists as a state of apprehension, a vague fear that is only indirectly associated with an object” (Ililgard, Atkinson, & Atkinson, 1971). In short, anxiely is 2 feeting of Lension, apprehension and nervousness associaled with the situation of leaming a foreign language.
In general, it can have physical, emotional, and behavioral manifstations and these manifestations can differ with each individual. 2, Types of anxiety Chapter Ll: Methodology This chapter addresses the research’s context, the participants and the instruments which were used to collect data including students’ journal writing, teacher's observation and interviews Chapter HH: Findings and Discussion ‘The findings from the data collected from teacher's observation, students’ journal writing and interviews arc presenled and disonssed in this chapler In this chapter, I also provide some possible suggested improvements to reduce students’ anxiety in English speaking in classroom, Part C: Conclusion and implications ‘This part offers an overview of the major findings, the implications and suggestions for further research in this taller PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER T: LITERATURE REVIEW In this review of literature, I shall state theoretical background of anxiety in general, as well as foreign language anxiety and language anxiety in speaking skill. Theoretical background of anxiety EL. Definitions of anxiety There has heen a vaticly of sludics carried onl.
Simply speaking, anxicly is a kind of troubled feeling in the mind. It is “a subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the automatic nervous system" (Horwilz, 1986) or “the womy and negative emotional reaclion aroused when learning a second language” (MacIntyre, 1999). Second language anxiety is defined here as distinct complenity of self: perception, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors related to using a forcign/ sceond language for communication beyond class language. Hansen (1977) called anxiety as "an experience of general uneasiness, a sense of foreboding, a feeling of tension” ¢p.
Anxiety might exert a deleterious influence on language achievement, and equally intuilively, thal poor language achievernent might arouse even more anxiety. According lo Hilgard, “anxicly is a psychological consiruel, commonly described by psychologists as a state of apprehension, a vague fear that is only indirectly associated with an object” (Ililgard, Atkinson, & Atkinson, 1971). In short, anxiely is 2 feeting of Lension, apprehension and nervousness associaled with the situation of leaming a foreign language. In general, it can have physical, emotional, and behavioral manifstations and these manifestations can differ with each individual.
2, Types of anxiety 5. Methods of the study Inmy opinion, qualitative research methods are the most suitable for this case study because they seek to understand the given research problem from the perspectives of the cases. Moreover, qualitative methods are especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about the values, opinions, bchaviors and social conlexis of particular subjects, Some qualitative methods I applied in thus study are teacher's observation, students! joumal writings. In comparison with quantitative methods, qualitative methods are typically ma flexible.
With qualitative methods, Ihe relationship between the researcher and the participants is often less formal. Participants have the opportunity to express their ideas more elaborately in their journal writing with greater detail than the casc in quantitative methods. Organization of the study The study ix organized into three main parts: Part A: Introduction ‘This part offers a brief introduction to the rationale for choosing the topic, the aims and objectives, roscarch questions, the scope, the methods and the organization of the study. Part 8: Development The part consists of four chapters, as follows: Chapter f Literature Review This chaplor provides the thcorctieal background of anxiety with some definitions and types of anxiety, It also gives the theoretical background of foreign language anxiety, in which stated the findings of previous researches relating to the study, gender in foreign language anxiety, the measurement of foreign language anxicty, the possible factors and sources of anxiety and anxiety in speaking skill.
Chapter Ll: Methodology This chapter addresses the research’s context, the participants and the instruments which were used to collect data including students’ journal writing, teacher's observation and interviews Chapter HH: Findings and Discussion ‘The findings from the data collected from teacher's observation, students’ journal writing and interviews arc presenled and disonssed in this chapler In this chapter, I also provide some possible suggested improvements to reduce students’ anxiety in English speaking in classroom, Part C: Conclusion and implications ‘This part offers an overview of the major findings, the implications and suggestions for further research in this taller PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER T: LITERATURE REVIEW In this review of literature, I shall state theoretical background of anxiety in general, as well as foreign language anxiety and language anxiety in speaking skill. Theoretical background of anxiety EL. Definitions of anxiety There has heen a vaticly of sludics carried onl. Simply speaking, anxicly is a kind of troubled feeling in the mind.
It is “a subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the automatic nervous system" (Horwilz, 1986) or “the womy and negative emotional reaclion aroused when learning a second language” (MacIntyre, 1999). Second language anxiety is defined here as distinct complenity of self: perception, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors related to using a forcign/ sceond language for communication beyond class language. Hansen (1977) called anxiety as "an experience of general uneasiness, a sense of foreboding, a feeling of tension” ¢p. Anxiety might exert a deleterious influence on language achievement, and equally intuilively, thal poor language achievernent might arouse even more anxiety.
According lo Hilgard, “anxicly is a psychological consiruel, commonly described by psychologists as a state of apprehension, a vague fear that is only indirectly associated with an object” (Ililgard, Atkinson, & Atkinson, 1971). In short, anxiely is 2 feeting of Lension, apprehension and nervousness associaled with the situation of leaming a foreign language. In general, it can have physical, emotional, and behavioral manifstations and these manifestations can differ with each individual. 2, Types of anxiety Chapter Ll: Methodology This chapter addresses the research’s context, the participants and the instruments which were used to collect data including students’ journal writing, teacher's observation and interviews Chapter HH: Findings and Discussion ‘The findings from the data collected from teacher's observation, students’ journal writing and interviews arc presenled and disonssed in this chapler In this chapter, I also provide some possible suggested improvements to reduce students’ anxiety in English speaking in classroom, Part C: Conclusion and implications ‘This part offers an overview of the major findings, the implications and suggestions for further research in this taller PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER T: LITERATURE REVIEW In this review of literature, I shall state theoretical background of anxiety in general, as well as foreign language anxiety and language anxiety in speaking skill.
Theoretical background of anxiety EL. Definitions of anxiety There has heen a vaticly of sludics carried onl. Simply speaking, anxicly is a kind of troubled feeling in the mind. It is “a subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the automatic nervous system" (Horwilz, 1986) or “the womy and negative emotional reaclion aroused when learning a second language” (MacIntyre, 1999).
Second language anxiety is defined here as distinct complenity of self: perception, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors related to using a forcign/ sceond language for communication beyond class language. Hansen (1977) called anxiety as "an experience of general uneasiness, a sense of foreboding, a feeling of tension” ¢p.