MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ LAN PHƢƠNG EFFECTS OF USING MIND MAPPING ON EFL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING Field: Theory and Methodology of English Language Teaching Code: 8140111 Supervisor: TRƢƠNG VĂN ĐỊNH, Ph.D BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN THỊ LAN PHƢƠNG TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA SƠ ĐỒ TƢ DUY ĐẾN VIỆC HỌC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CỦA HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG Ngành: Lý luận và phƣơng pháp dạy học bộ môn tiếng Anh Mã số: 8140111 Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn: TS. TRƢƠNG VĂN ĐỊNH i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP The thesis entitled “Effects of Using Mind Mapping on EFL High School Students’ Vocabulary Learning” is conducted under the supervision of Dr. Truong Van Dinh, a lecturer working at the School of Foreign Languages at Quy Nhon University. I declare that the information reported in this study is the result of my own work and effort, except where due reference is made.
No other person's work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis. This thesis has not previously been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution. Binh Dinh, 2022 NGUYEN THI LAN PHUONG ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all , I am grateful to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Truong Van Dinh, for his amazing supervision.
His outstanding knowledge and profession teaching-related expertise inspired me greatly during my academic life at Quy Nhon University, and he opened new horizons for me in the field. I appreciate his accommodating guidelines and suggestions, great patience, and strong management skills in helping me resolve the obstacles during the time I carried out my thesis. I feel fortunate to have had him support for my work. I also take this opportunity to express gratitude to all the lectures who took part in the training process of MA course at Quy Nhon University for their scholarly knowledge and experience as well as their inspirational to me which incited me to widen my research from various perspectives.
A special thank goes to my dear friends Nguyen Thi Hang and Nguyen Vo Bich Thuy. They not only encouraged me when I met obstacles during my thesis, but also guided me how to analyse data by using SPSS software. I am very lucky to know both of them. Another special gratitude goes to the head as well as the staff of Ngo May High School for their assistance and encouragement for me to conduct the study at the facility.
Last, but not least, I am grateful to all the support and encouragement I received from my beloved parents and my husband and my two children throughout the process of writing this thesis in particular and my life in general. iii ABSTRACT Vocabulary is at the heart of developing proficiency and achieving competency in any language learning skill. However, many students still have some trouble in lexical learning due to a lack of a suitable learning strategy. Thus, this study aimed at investigating whether mind mapping had any significant effects on EFL high school students’ vocabulary.
The research followed a combination of a quasi-experimental method and a mixed-method with the participation of 80 EFL Grade 10 students at Ngo May High School, Phu Cat district, in Binh Dinh province. These participants were divided into 2 groups: the control group and the experimental group. Data were collected from three sources: (1) the pre-test and post-test to estimate the students’ vocabulary improvement, (2) the questionnaire to assess how the changes in their opinions towards vocabulary learning with mind maps were, and (3) interview with six students in the experimental group to clarify their opinions. The findings of the study reveal that mind mapping greatly affects EFL high school students’ learning of vocabulary.
In fact, it not only makes students feel inspired to learn vocabulary but also helps them remember words longer. The researcher suggests that further studies in this area should consider a larger sample size to obtain a better picture of the reality of the effect of mind mapping on learning vocabulary. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
vii LIST OF TABLES. viii LIST OF FIGURES. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Aim and Objectives of the Study.
Aim of the Study. Objectives of the Study. Scope of the Study. Significance of the Study .4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND.
Definition of Vocabulary. Importance of Vocabulary. Vocabulary Teaching and Learning. Definition of Mind Maps.
Definition of Mind Mapping. Features of Mind Maps. Techniques for Making a Mind Map. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Mind Maps in Teaching and Learning Vocabulary.
When and Where to Use Mind Mapping. Quantitative Analysis of Pre-test and Post-test. Quantitative Analysis of Questionnaire. Qualitative Analysis of Interview.
Validity and Reliability .38 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Results of Two Tests. Results from Questionnaires. Results from Interview.
Discussion of Findings. Students’ Improvement in Vocabulary Learning. Students’ Positive Opinions on Learning Vocabulary through Mind Mapping .56 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Limitations of the Study.
Suggestions for Further Research .60 APPENDICES vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A: Agree D: Disagree EFL: English as a Foreign Language F: Female GCSE: General Certificate for Secondary Education M: Mean or Male N: Number SA: Strongly agree SD: Strongly disagree S.: Standard Deviation SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences viii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.2: Five degrees of grades to classify the students’ ability .3: Reliability statistics for the questionnaire .1: Group statistics of pre-test results.2: Independent samples t-test of the two groups before the treatment .3: Group statistics of post-test results .4: Independent samples t-test of the two groups after the treatment .5: Advantages brought about by learning vocabulary with mind maps.6: Disadvantages resulting from learning vocabulary with mind maps .7: Students’ future intentions of learning vocabulary with mind maps. 48 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: Pre-test score distribution of control and experimental group .2: Post-test score distribution of control and experimental group. 40 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 presents rationale, aim and objectives, scope and significance as well as the organization of the study. Rationale Nowadays, English is considered as one of the most popular languages in the world.
English also plays an important role in the lives of Vietnamese people as the development of globalization has a great impact on this country. Besides, the Vietnamese market increasingly attracts a large number of foreign companies. There are now good opportunities for English learners and users to find better jobs. Therefore, it is becoming necessary for people to study English.
To master English, one has to be good at four skills, namely reading, speaking, listening, and writing. Moreover, one has to grasp the linguistic areas such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Among them, vocabulary is considered as an essential element in the process of learning any foreign languages. It plays an important part in developing proficiency development and competency achievement in language skills.
Wilkin (1972) states that “Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”. Indeed, the mastery of vocabulary helps learners tranform their ideas or information by speaking or writing, and understand listeners and reading materials. In other words, students can communicate with others fluently and confidently. Teaching vocabulary is an important aspect of English language training.
Many teachers are concerned about how to teach vocabulary to their students effectively. New words have to be introduced in such a way that captures students' attention and stick in their minds. To address students' need for vocabulary learning, mind mapping has been designed to assist students enhance their vocabulary acquisition and retention. 2 In the period of integration and globalization, Vietnam focuses on the training and improvement of foreign languages, especially English.
However, the teaching of English in Vietnam has not been successful as desired due to some challenges. In fact, most teachers at high schools teach vocabulary by traditional methods such as translation, synonyms, antonyms, and sometimes using pictures. When teachers write a new word on the board, students who look up it in the dictionary or guidingbooks give its Vietnamese meaning. This method makes students feel bored and passive.
Besides, students learn vocabulary by recording the words on paper many times, which students learn vocabulary singly, sporadically and time-consuming. Furthermore, students do not have a chance to practice vocabulary regularly. Although they have already learnt the words, they cannot remember them due to lack of practice. They do not even understand how to use these lexical items in other contexts.
The above-mentioned reasons raise some important questions that need to be addressed. In other words, it is necessary to find out a suitable and effective technique to improve students' learning methods and vocabulary retention. Mind mapping is a useful technique to teach vocabulary because it is a powerful tool to optimize the brain’s ability to create, learn and remember. According to Buzan (1993, p.1), mind mapping is “a powerful graphic technique providing a universal key to unchain the potential of brain”.
This technique is like the thinking process in that it enables us to change from one topic to another, from one side to another. It records information through the use of symbols, images, emotional meanings and colors, like a process in the brain (Effendi, 2004, p. Consisting of pictures, symbols and colors, it creates patterns that not only help students understand vocabulary knowledge, but also make them feel good and enjoyable. It engages their brain activity, keeps students interested in mastering vocabulary knowledge and assists students’ vocabulary retention in long term memory effectively.
3 However, few studies have been conducted on using mind maps for English teaching and learning in high school in Vietnam. Above reasons lead to the author’s decision to conduct a research: “Effects of using mind mapping on EFL High School students’ vocabulary learning”, in the hopes of helping students improve their vocabulary competence, become more interested in learning vocabulary, and remember it better. Aim and Objectives of the Study 1. Aim of the Study This study aims to help students study vocabulary effectively through the use of mind maps.
Objectives of the Study In order to gain the aim, the objectives of the research are: - To evaluate the effects of teaching vocabulary using mind maps to high school students in comparison with the teaching of vocabulary using the traditional teaching method. - To find out about students’ opinions on learning vocabulary using mind maps. Research Questions To achieve the aim and objectives of the study, the researcher focuses on the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of teaching vocabulary to high school students using mind maps in comparison with the teaching of vocabulary using the traditional teaching method? (2) What are students’ opinions on learning vocabulary using mind maps? 1. Scope of the Study This study focuses on teaching vocabulary to Grade 10 students using mind maps and finds out about the effects of using mind maps on students’ 4 vocabulary learning.
The researcher only collects the vocabulary in three lessons Getting started, Language and Reading of Unit 1 (Family Life), Unit 2 (Your body and You) and Unit 3 (Music) out of 10 units in students’ coursebook Grade 10 for the 10-year curriculum which students study at Ngo May High School. These 3 lessons are designed with mind maps as models for students to refer to. Significance of the Study Theoretically, the study contributes to perfecting the theories about theory and methodology of language teaching and proposes some approaches to the challenges posed by the teaching of the vocabulary of a language. Practically, the findings of the study help teachers to be aware of challenges that they face in teaching vocabulary and provide them with some solutions to these problems.