THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY MA. GILIAN BARADAS BAET WATER QUALITY AWARENESS AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES THAT SURROUND LAGUNA LAKE, PHILIPPINES BACHELOR’S THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : K46-NO2 Thai Nguyen, October 2019 Luan van DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Ma. Baet Student ID DTN1454290108 Water Quality Awareness and its Impacts on Health and Thesis Title Livelihood in Urban and Rural Communities that surrounds Laguna Lake, Philippines Ms. Ly Thi Thuy Duong (Vietnam); Supervisor (s) Dr.
Magcale-Macandog (Philippines) Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: Water is one of the basic necessities of a person’s life, without it, one cannot survive. Nowadays, water bodies are getting polluted because of the toxic pollutants coming from factories and improper waste disposal and have negative impacts on the health and even the livelihood especially of the fishermen and farmers. This research will tackle the awareness of the communities in urban (Cabuyao, Sta. Rosa and San Pedro) and rural areas (Victoria, Pila and Pagsanjan) surrounding Laguna lake about the water quality caused by pollution.
This study will further investigate the awareness of people about the impacts of lake water quality on their health and the government programs related to the management of the lake. Household survey was done on randomly sampled households. Survey questionnaires were developed to gather all the data needed for this study. Results were analyzed and it was concluded that people from the urban cities are more aware of water pollution than the people from rural municipalities.
This is because urban cities have factories and are more crowded that’s why people from the urban are experiencing more of the problems related to pollution than rural municipalities. Local government units are conducting clean up drives for the lake Luan van and collecting wastes from the households. Proper waste disposal and proper drainage system to avoid floods as it may be clogged by the garbage that have been thrown or carried by the water that came from the streets and to filter harmful chemicals that may affect the quality of the water to avoid sickness. Water, pollution, health, livelihood, Laguna Lake, water Keywords quality, urban, rural Number of pages 56 pages Date of September 25, 2019 Submission Luan van ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research will not be made possible without the people who helped the researcher.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude, first, to God for the guidance and blessings that HE gave for completing this research and the course of Environmental Science and Management. Second, my advisers from the Philippines, Professor Damasa B. Magcale- Macandog of the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines and from Vietnam, Ms. Ly Thi Thuy Duong, for the continuous support for completing my research, for their patience, passion and motivation they have given me.
Their guidance helped me in various ways so that I can learn and complete my degree. I could not imagine without them as my advisors. Besides my advisors, my family and relatives for giving me motivation to complete this writing. Their never-ending support will be always my motivation to go forward.
And to my little brother, Roman Paulo Baet, for being my enumerator in time of interviewing various people in urban cities, even though it’s his summer break but he is willing to help me. To Mommy Seng and Daddy German, thank you for the patience that you’ve given me to finish this course and research. To my aunts, Faustina Baradas, Istee Baradas-Racelis and Izhay Baradas, thank you for your never-ending support to keep me motivated throughout my journey. To my siblings, Camille Baet and Roman Baet, thank you for being in my side whenever I got problems and for the advices that you’ve given me.
Luan van To my friends here in Vietnam, thank you very much for all the fun and happy moments especially my roommates in 205 and neighbor in 206 for having endless fun. To my professors in Environmental Science and Management, thank you for teaching us all the lessons even though you are not native English speakers. Thank you for making the effort for us to have the knowledge about Environmental Science and having fun filled field trips with all our classmates from both sections K46-A and K46-B. To my Alma Matter, St.
Therese School Arts and Sciences but now called St. Therese College of Arts and Sciences Inc., for giving me this opportunity to travel and study here in Vietnam. It is one of the blessings I will always treasure since it opened my mind about other culture. Having friends from other countries and learning their culture is one of the best experiences I gained.
To the Mayor of Cabuyao, Sta. Rosa, San Pedro, Pila, Victoria and Pagsanjan, I’m very thankful for letting me survey the communities and to all your staff that have a very kind attitude. For the barangay captains and staff, thank you for guiding me and for the security to finish the survey and gather all the information needed to complete this thesis. And for the key informants and respondents, I’m so thankful for the honesty, sincerity and hospitality you’ve shown me while I’m doing my survey.
Thanks to all of you, I have now finished my research about Water Quality Awareness and its Impacts on Health and Livelihood in Urban and Rural Communities that surrounds Laguna Lake, Philippines. Thank you and God bless. Luan van TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures …….………………………………………………………… i List of Table (if neccessary) …. ii List of Abbreviation ……………………………………………………….
iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………….3 Research Questions and Hypothesis .4 Scope and Limitation …………………………………… 5 1. 6 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………. 8 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ……………………………….3 Data Gathering Process …………………………………. 13 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ………………………….2 Knowledge and Awareness of the Community about water pollution in Laguna Lake and its effects on their health and livelihood …….1 Perspective on their water quality of Laguna Lake Luan van and how they know it ………………………………….2 Laguna Lake is experiencing environmental problems …….3 Reasons why Laguna Lake is experiencing environmental problems ………………………………….3 Health and Livelihood ………………………………………….1 Water quality affects people health and livelihood …….2 Conservation of water ………………………………….4 Fish Taste & Reason ………………………………….5 Water Related Diseases Experience …………………….6 Lake Swimming and Sickness …………………………… 25 4.4 Seminar, Solutions and Contribution …………………………… 27 4.3 Seminar about mitigation and its content ……………….4 Seminar about water conservation and its content ….6 Donation for Laguna Lake ………………………………….
34 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION …………… 36 5.44 Luan van LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Map of Laguna (Laguna De Bay: Environment Literacy) …… 3 Figure 2 Age Frequency from Rural and Urban areas …………………. 14 Figure 3 Gender Distribution in Urban and Rural …………………. 15 Figure 4 Marital Status of both Urban and Rural ………………………… 16 Figure 5 Educational Attainment Graph Comparison of Urban and Rural areas ……………………………………………. 16 Figure 6 Employment Status of Rural and Urban in Graph form ….
17 Figure 7 Opinion about water quality in Laguna Lake ………………… 18 Figure 8 Respondents answer on where they got the idea of water quality in Laguna Lake ……………………………………………………………. 18 Figure 9 Perspective of the respondents on Laguna Lake experiencing environmental problems ……………………………………………. 19 Figure 10 Graph of Rural and Urban areas on the community is the reason why the lake is polluted ……………………………………………………. 20 Figure 11 Canal in Cabuyao City, Philippines ……………………….
20 Figure 12 Water quality affects health and livelihood ………………. 21 Figure 13 Conserving of water in Rural and Urban Areas ………. 22 Figure 14 Sewage connection of Urban and Rural areas ………. 23 Figure 15 Fish have different taste …………………………………….
24 Figure 16 Reason why the taste of the fish is different ………………. 24 Figure 17 Sickness experienced for the last 5 years until now ………. 25 Figure 18 caught any water borne diseases ………………………. 26 i Luan van Figure 19 contributing pollution ………………………………………28 Figure 20 Ways of Contributing Pollution ……………………….
28 Figure 21 Ways to lessen pollution ……………………………… 30 Figure 22 Seminar about Mitigation of Water Pollution ………………. 31 Figure 23 Content of Mitigation of Water Pollution Seminar ………. 31 Figure 24 Seminar about water conservation ……………………… 32 Figure 25 Contents of Water Conservation Seminar …………….… 33 Figure 26 Attending Seminar …………………………………. 34 Figure 27 Donation for Laguna Lake …………………………….
35 ii Luan van LIST OF ABBREVIATION CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon USGS United States Geological Survey WWF World Wide Fund WHO World Health Organization EPHA European Public Health Alliance LGUs Local Government Units LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority MS EXCEL Microsoft Excel S.D Proper Waste Disposal iii Luan van LIST OF TABLE Table 1 Sickness caught by swimming at the lake iv Luan van PART I. Research Rationale Water is the most important source required by humans, animals and other living organisms to survive. According to USGS (2010), the Earth’s surface is composed of 70% water and 30% land. The distribution of water in the world is uneven with 97% of water found in the ocean and the remaining 3% is found in the fresh bodies of water inland.
Among the freshwater bodies, 69% is found in glaciers or ice caps, 30% is found underground and 1% is in the lakes, swamps and rivers. As human population increases, the demand for the various natural resources, including water, will increase. With the increase of human population and economic development, the quality of water is being affected and it became one of the problems that need immediate action. If unattended, the water quality will get worst and the future supply of clean water will be limited.
Aside from demand for natural resources, human activities are the main reasons why the Earth is experiencing rapid climate change in the past 100 years. Foremost among these human activities is urbanization. As the places got more urbanized the needs for various resources are increasing since the human population are doubling its size. People need resources like water, food, fiber, shelter and medicine in order to survive.
Urbanization involves the establishment of settlement, infrastructure, business and factories. Waste from the factories is one of the main causes of surface water pollution since the drainage of the factories are connected to rivers that flow to the lake or oceans that affects aquatic life. Domestic waste is also another major contributor to the pollution of freshwater bodies including rivers 1 Luan van and lakes. Water pollution is the presence of any toxic chemical and biological agents that have exceeded the amount needed for the water to be acceptable for human use and it can be a threat to human, animals and other living organisms that use water for survival (Environmental Pollution Center, 2017; WWF, 2017).
Human activities introduce chemicals into water bodies that cause water pollution (Woodford, 2017). Woodford (2017) further added that every ocean and every continent from the tropics to the Polar Regions is contaminated. And now, water pollution is the leading global cause of deaths and diseases that accounts to 14,000 people deaths daily (Fulekar, 2010). Laguna Lake is the biggest lake in the Philippines with multiple purpose or uses.
It provides food, income, livelihood, water resources needed for agriculture, fish farms and poultry farms that have been supporting the people living along the Laguna Lake (Santos-Borja, 2002). The outlet of the Laguna Lake is the Pasig River which is connected to Manila Bay. 2 Luan van Figure 1.1 Map of Laguna (Laguna De Bay: Environment Literacy) The watershed hosts about 66 Local Government Units (LGUs) that are group into 5 provinces, 49 municipalities and 12 cities with an estimated population of 6 million people.