STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Foreign Language Faculty GRADUATION THESIS MANAGING FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE VIET NAM Student name : Le Thi Hai Yen Class : ATCA-K11 Lecturers : Nguyen Hong Thang, Nguyen Thi Minh Hang June, 6th 2012 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT List of tables List of figures List of abbreviations CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the research. Objectives of the research. Scope of the research.
Structure of the research .2 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. Overview of exchange rate. Definition of ER. Classification of ER.
Determinants of exchange rate. Supply and demand for foreign currency. Differentials in inflation. Differentials in interest rates.
Political stability and economic performance. Foreign exchange rate policy. Definition and goals of ER policy. Foreign exchange rate management regimes.
Fixed exchange rate:. Floating exchange rate:. Tools for the exchange rate management:. Tools directly affect ER: .8 Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy 2.
Tools indirectly affect ER:. Experiences of some countries in the exchange rate management and lessons for Viet Nam. Experience of China. Experience of Thai Land.
Lessons for Viet Nam .14 CHAPTER 3: THE EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM. The exchange management in Viet Nam. From 2007 to present (After joining WTO). Assessment of the ER management in Vietnam.
The ER management mechanism was more flexible. International balance of payment was improved. The forex was pushed up to develop .33 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION .34 CONCLUSION References Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge my heartfelt thanks to PhD. Nguyen Hong Thang, Faculty of Banking and MBA Nguyen Thi Minh Hang, Faculty of Foreign languages, Baking Academyfor their guidance during the entire period of preparationof this thesis.
I would like to send my thanks to The Board of Director of Bank for development of Viet Nam, ThanhHoa branch, who allowed me to consult the company’s materials, always encouraged me as well as gave me much of time to domyresearch. I would like to also express my special thanks to all lecturers in Faculty of Foreign Languages and Faculty of Banking, Banking Academy for their invaluable advices and their kind support to complete this thesis. Without their support it is believed that this thesis is hardly to be finished. Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy ABSTRACT For an open economy like Viet Nam, issues surrounding ER are often very important.
The determination of ER rate and the ER management policy have with components of aggregate demand, aggregate supply, as well as its impact on capital flows, on the independence of monetary policy, and on the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies are significant concern of policy-makers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ER management and find out some solutions to improve the ER management in Viet Nam in the coming time. The research in this study attempts to give an overall picture of the ER and the ER management in Viet Nam and associated policies as well as to examine the ER’s impact on the main macroeconomic variables especially in the context of economic integration in Viet Nam before and after joining WTO (from 1992 to present). The focus of the research is as follows: - To find out the information content of ER and the ER management as well as tools affect ER.
- To identify the changes of ER and the impacts of these changes on the economy. - To assess the capability of the SBV in managing ER during the period before and after joining WTO. - To search for some solutions for the SBV to have smooth shift a more flexible and rational ER management. Besides a description of ER management in Viet Nam from 1992 to present, and a review of the changes in the ER policy, the quantitative and econometric research methods are used in the analyses.
In discussing the ER management and the ER policy, reference is made to relevant theories and historical lessons of the other countries. Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy List of tables Table 2.1: Exchange rate, trade balance and foreign reserve of China in the period 2002-2007 .2: Exchange rate and trade balance of Thai Land from 2003 to 2008:. 11 List of figures Figure 2.1: Fluctuation of the Baht/USD rate in the period 1994-2008 .2: Thai Land trade balance in the period 1994-2008 .1: Official ER fluctuation and free market ER in the1992- period 1996.: Official ER fluctuation and market ER in the 1999-2003 period.3: Daily VND/USD ER and bands, 2008-2011 .4: Daily Official and Parallel Market ER, VND/USD, 2009-2011.24 Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy List of abbreviations BOP Balance of Payment CNY Chinese Yuan C Private consumption CB Central bank ER Exchange rate EUR Euro Forex Foreign exchange G Government spending I Gross investment IMF International Monetary Fund JPY Japan Yen M Imports SBV State Bank of Vietnam USD United States Dollar VND Vietnam Dong X Exports Y Gross Domestic Product (GDP) WTO World Trade Organization Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis 1 Banking Academy CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the research The young economy of Viet Nam is assessed to have many investment potentials and opportunities, therefore the globalization and regionalization are the inevitable trends.
That is the process with both opportunities and challenges for Viet Nam. How to integrate in the international economic efficiently and reduce risks of integration is at the top concern of the developing countries like Viet Nam. In an open economy, the exchange rate becomes a tool for the government to reduce impacts of shocks in the process of integration; therefore the country can integrate more actively. The exchange rate is one of the complex matters, refer to many issues like inflation, interest rate, trade deficit, employment, foreign debts, budget deficit, etc.
and implementation of macroeconomic goals. The exchange rate has impacted on the economy of each country in particular, and international economic relationships in general, especially the trade relations among countries, therefore it is always concerned. Defining the suitable exchange rate policy will make the country more active in unexpected changes so as to keep balance and prevent many shocks from the economy. As a result, it helps to stabilize the price and currency, attract investments, control inflation, curb unemployment and increase the confidence of the residents in the domestic currency and the economic policy.
In Viet Nam, although the management of exchange rate in recent years has showed a certain role, there are still many limitations that need to be overcome. Additionally, in the new situation, the management of exchange rate must be more flexible and efficient. From that fact, I choose the study “MANAGINGFOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE IN VIET NAM” in order to assess the situation of applying the current exchange rate regime, the exchange rate management policy especially in the period of after joining WTO and give some recommendations to improve the exchange rate policy in Viet Nam in the coming time. Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis 2 Banking Academy 1.
Objectives of the research The thesis aims at studying the exchange rate management in Viet Nam from 1992 to present and bringing out some solutions to improve the exchange rate management in the coming time. The thesis is designed to answer the following questions: - What is the exchange rate and how to manage it? - What are lessons for Viet Nam in managing the exchange rate policy? - How does the exchange rate in Viet Nam change? - What does the CB do to deal with these changes? 1. Scope of the research The research is placed in the context of Viet Nam on the process of joining WTO, from which the changes of ER and the ER management before and after WTO are given to analyze and find out the solutions to improve the ER management in Viet Nam in the coming time. Research Methodology The methods used herein mainly include quantitative research method, sample selection, data analysis and descriptive statistic.The research is also used the secondary data such as websites, annual reports, financial statement and newspapers.
Meanwhile, the methods are combined with the modern economic theories and experiences of some countries in the exchange rate management, from which the orientation of improving the exchange rate management mechanism will be given to Viet Nam. Structure of the research The rest of this thesis is divided into three chapters accompanying with detailed discussion in each. Chapter 2 presents an overview of existing literature on the exchange rate that helps to provide a solid foundation for the thesis. Chapter3 discusses about the situation of Viet Nam in managing the exchange rate from 1992 to present.
Chapter 4 gives some suggestions and recommendations for Viet Nam in managing the exchange rate basing on all previous researches and analyses. Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis 3 Banking Academy CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2. Overview of exchange rate Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis 4 Banking Academy 2. Definition of ER An exchange rate (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another.
It is also regarded as the value of one country’s currency in terms of another currency. An exchange rate is usually quoted in terms of the number of units of one currency that can be exchanged for one unit of another currency - e., in the form: 1. In this example, the US$ is referred to as the "quote currency" (price currency, payment currency) and the Euro is the "base currency" (unit currency, transaction currency). Classification of ER Nominal exchange rate: The nominal exchange rate ε is defined as the number of units of the domestic currency that can purchase a unit of a given foreign currency.
A decrease in this variable is termed nominal appreciation of the currency. (Under the fixed exchange rate regime, a downward adjustment of the rate ε is termed revaluation.) An increase in this variable is termed nominal depreciation of the currency. (Under the fixed exchange rate regime, an upward adjustment of the rate ε is called devaluation.) Real exchange rate: The real exchange rate Q is defined as the ratio of the domestic price level and the price level abroad, where the latter is converted into the domestic currency units via the current nominal exchange rate. Formally, Q = P d/( ε*P f), where the domestic price level is denoted as P d and the foreign price level as P f.
This rate tells us how many times more goods and services can be purchased abroad (after conversion into a foreign currency) than in the domestic market for a given amount. In practice, changes of the real exchange rate rather than its absolute level are important. An increase in the real exchange rate Q is termed appreciation of the real exchange rate, a decrease is termed depreciation. In contrast to the nominal exchange rate, the real exchange Le ThiHai YenClass ATCA –K11 Graduation Thesis 5 Banking Academy rate is always 'floating", since even in the regime of a fixed nominal exchange rate ε, Q can move via price-level changes.
Note: Real appreciation means an increase in the real exchange rate Q, whereas nominal appreciation means a decrease in the nominal exchange rate ε. Determinants of exchange rate Numerous factors determine exchange rates, and all are related to the trading relationship between the two countries. The exchange rates are relative, and are expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries. The following are some of the principal determinants of the exchange rate between two countries.