VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ MINH HUỆ THE USE OF THEME - BASED SHORT READINGS TO IMPROVE VOCABULARY FOR FRESHMEN AT HANOI MEDICAL COLLEGE (SƯ DỤNG CÁC BÀI ĐỌC NGẮN THEO CHỦ ĐỀ ĐỂ NÂNG CAO VỐN TỪ VỰNG CHO TÂN SINH VIÊN TRUỜNG CAO ĐẲNG Y TẾ HÀ NỘI) M. MINOR THESIS FIELD : English Teaching Methodology CODE : 601401 COURSE : 18 HA NOI - 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
vi LIST OF TABLES & CHARTS .vii PART I: INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the study. Aims of the study. Scope of the study.
Method of the study. Significance of the study. Design of the study. 3 PART II: DEVELOPMENT.
4 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. Vocabulary in foreign language teaching and learning. Definition of vocabulary. The importance of vocabulary learning.
Extensive reading versus intensive reading. Characteristics of extensive reading. The benefits of extensive reading in foreign language learning. Previous studies on extensive reading in EFL.
16 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Subjects of the study. Theme based short readings. Data collection instruments.
Pre-tests and post- tests. Stage 1: Deliver pre – tests and post – tests. Stage 2: Deliver questionnaires. 21 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
The three pre-tests and post- tests. Recommendations for better teaching and learning vocabulary through theme based short readings. Recommendations to teachers and learners. Recommendations to materials used for theme based short readings.
Limitations and suggestion for further study. 34 Appendix 1: Pre – tests & Post – tests. i Appendix 3: Theme based short readings .ii Appendix 4: Frequency Tables. vi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ER: Extensive reading EFL: English as a Foreign Language ESL: English as a Second Language ELT: English Language Teaching L1: First language L2: Second language HMC: Hanoi Medical College SLA: Second Language Acquisition GERP: Guided Extensive Reading Program FL: Foreign Language GR: General English ESP: English for Specific SPSS: Statistic Package for Social Science ULIS: University of Languages & International Studies VNU: Vietnam National University TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com vii LIST OF TABLES & CHARTS Chart 1: Data of pre – test 1……………………………………………………….…23 Chart 2: Data of post – test 1.23 Chart 3: Data of pre – test 2.
23 Chart 4: Data of post – test 2. 23 Chart 5: Data of pre – test 3. 24 Chart 6: Data of post – test 3. 24 Table 1: Comparison of scores between the pre and post tests.
25 Table 2: The students‟ attitudes questionnaires. 26 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 1 PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study In learning a foreign language, vocabulary plays an important role. Words of a language are just like bricks of a high building.
Despite quite small pieces, they are vital to a great structure. Vocabulary is one element that links the four skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing all together. 439) stated that “a large vocabulary is, of course, essential for mastery of a language” as “without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed” Wilkins (1972, p. Vocabulary knowledge is generally considered an important factor in the comprehension of language and the number of words acquired is strongly related to competent language use.
Accidentally, the notion of “extensive reading” from the article by Pagoda & Schmitt (2006) intrigued the researcher at first moment. Many studies on “extensive reading” have shown considerable benefits for learners both in terms of learning gains and motivation and seem to come ever more popular in the ELT world. Extensive reading has been proclaimed as “the single most effective way to improve language proficiency” (Malay, 2005, p. 354, cited in Brown, 2008).
Extensive reading can lead to students‟ improvement in the areas of reading: writing, vocabulary learning, and overall proficiency while also increase motivation (Day & Bamford, 1998). Extensive readings offer the potential for reinforcing and recombining language learned in the classroom. A large amount of comprehensible input provided by extensive reading materials may increase opportunities to be exposed to words previously learned. It reinforces the learners‟ existing knowledge of vocabulary and builds their new stock of vocabulary.
Nutgall (1982) suggests that „an extensive reading program is the single most effective way of improving both vocabulary and reading skill in general‟. Inspired by the studies on extensive reading in the second language classroom, the author decided to choose the topic “the use of theme based short readings to improve vocabulary for freshmen at Hanoi Medical College” for her M. Through this small scale, the author hopes that using theme based short readings will improve college students‟ vocabulary learning at Hanoi Medical College. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.
Aims of the study The aims of the research are to: - Investigate the effect of theme based short readings on students‟ vocabulary learning at Hanoi medical college; - Discover HMC students‟ attitude towards theme based short readings; - Provide suggestions for better learning and teaching at HMC through theme based short readings. Research questions The study is hoped to find out effectiveness of theme based on short readings on HMC students and how the method of teaching vocabulary is useful to teachers. Therefore, the major questions interested in the study are: - Question 1: How do the themes based short readings affect on HMC learners‟ vocabulary acquisition? - Question 2: What are HMC learners‟ attitudes towards theme based short readings? - Question 3: What should be done to provide better teaching and learning vocabulary through theme based short readings at HMC? 4. Scope of the study This study focuses on vocabulary learning at HMC and especially bases on theme based short readings which are supposed to create a reading habit in English to help the students self - study to enrich their knowledge not only during the time at college but also for their lifetime.
The study was carried out with 35 HMC students at elementary level of English. The author hopes that the findings of the study can enrich teachers of English HMC the benefits of reading theme based short readings in improving HMC learners‟ vocabulary as well as their English level. Method of the study Quantitative and qualitative methods were both used in this paper with priorities given to the quantitative. In other word, the writer collected test scores from pre and post tests and questionnaires to investigate the effects of theme based short readings on HMC learners‟ vocabulary learning and their attitudes towards theme based short readings.
In addition, TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3 such methods as descriptive, analytic, comparative and contrastive were also utilized to describe and analyze, to compare and contrast the database. Significance of the study By investigating the effects of theme based short readings on HMC learners‟ vocabulary learning, this study gives teachers of English at HMC a chance to understand and apply theme based short readings to vocabulary teaching. If the theme - based - short - readings procedure is used, it can develop learners‟ knowledge of vocabulary. More importantly, it can create a reading habit in English which is necessary for the learners.
It is believed that theme based short readings will not only improve HMC learners‟ vocabulary learning, but also show them a new path to more independent learning. Design of the study The thesis consists of 3 main parts: Part I- Introduction: presents the rationale of the study, states the aims of the study, scope of the study, methods and significance of the study. Part II – Development: consists of three chapters: Chapter 1- Literature Review: provides the basic concepts of vocabulary, extensive readings, the importance of extensive readings and previous studies relating to the scope of the study. Chapter 2 – Methodology: describes the research design including setting, subjects, data collection instruments, and procedure of the study.
Chapter 3 – Results and Discussion: presents the collected data from pre and post tests and questionnaires. Part III – Conclusion: provides the summary of the whole study: major findings, suggestions of teaching vocabulary by theme based short readings, limitations and suggestions for further study TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 4 PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents theoretical backgrounds related to teaching vocabulary through theme based short readings (extensive reading) and summaries previous studies on extensive reading in EFL. Vocabulary in foreign language teaching and learning 1. Definition of vocabulary The term vocabulary has been defined quite differently according to its various aspects such as criteria, features and functions.
According to Ur (1996, p.60), vocabulary can be defined as “the words we teach in foreign language. However, a new item of vocabulary may be more than a single word: a compound of two or three words or multi word idioms”.96) also emphasizes that “it is words that sounds and meaning interlock to allow us to communicate with one another, and it is word that we arrange together to make sentences, conversation and discourse of all kinds”. The two notions of vocabulary give a general look at vocabulary. However, vocabulary can be interpreted as knowledge of words or word meanings.
Firstly, words are virtually manifested in the two forms: spoken form and written form. Oral vocabulary including the words, phrases or sentences are used for listening and speaking, and the words which we recognize and use for reading and writing can be identified as written vocabulary. The words that we use to write and speak are considered as productive vocabulary and the words that we hear from the people around us and see or read from stories, books, newspapers, and so on are recognized as receptive vocabulary. It is possible to state that the word vocabulary mean both the knowledge of words and word meanings in both oral and print language and in productive and receptive forms.
Of course, lexical meanings vary from context to context. In language communication, there are many cases in which the lexical meaning cannot be deducted from analysis of the individual components of that word. Therefore in language learning and teaching, helping students to gain vocabulary from the different contexts is a must for all the instructors. If this is regularly done, the learners will not only know how to use appropriate vocabulary in communication, but also develop their vocabulary repertoire themselves.
TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. The importance of vocabulary learning Vocabulary is a very important element that links the four skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing all together. Vocabulary knowledge is generally considered an important factor in the comprehension of language and the number of words acquired is strongly related to competent language use. In other words, in order to enhance overall English proficiency, ESL students need to attain a certain level of vocabulary knowledge.
According to Richards & Rernandya (2002, p.255), “Vocabulary is a core component of language proficiency and provides much of the basis for how well learners speak, listen, read and write. Without an extensive vocabulary and strategies for acquiring new vocabulary, learners often achieve less than their potential and may be discouraged from making use of language learning opportunities around them such as listening to the radio, listening to native speakers, using the language in different contexts, reading, or watching television.” Some theories state that the lexical level is the most important as it makes basic communication possible. The acquisition of vocabulary has assumed a more central role in learning a second language. They also argue that errors of grammar can still lead to understand but lack of vocabulary will interfere with communication.236) believed that “without words students can seldom understand what is being communicative to him nor can he express his thoughts to others”.