MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DETECTION OF Passionfruit Vietnam virus (PVNV) IN PASSIONFRUIT BY RT-PCR Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : TRAN THI NGOC HA Student code : 19126248 Academic year : 2019 - 2023 Thu Duc City, 04/2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS DETECTION OF Passionfruit Vietnam virus (PVNV) IN PASSIONFRUIT BY RT-PCR Advisor: Student: HUYNH VAN BIET, Ph.D TRAN THI NGOC HA Thu Duc City, 04/2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards the Board of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Board of Faculty of Biological Sciences for creating the most favorable conditions for me to finish this study. In addition, I also want to thank Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City for providing me the facilities to conduct this research. Iam genuinely honored to my advisor Dr. Huynh Van Biet who has guided and encouraged me from the beginning to the end of my graduation thesis.
It would be impossible for the study to be accomplished if it hadn’t been the help of all members of Molecular Biology Room A204 — A205 who have accompanied with me during the hard time and especially MSc. Truong Quang Toan for all the support and guidance. And last but not least, I also would like to express my gratitude to my family for giving me the opportunity to complete my thesis. They are the reason for me to carry on and manage the study, and I promise I will try harder to be successful to become your pride.
Sincere CONEIRMATION AND COMMITMENT My name is Tran Thi Ngoc Ha, Class: DH19SHC, Student ID: 19126248, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City. I guarantee that this research was conducted by myself and that the results presented are utterly truthful and objective. This graduation thesis had been done all by myself. The data and information in the research are completely honest and objective.
I will take all responsibilities before the Council for Thu Duc City, April 2024 Student’s signature il ABSTRACT Passionfruit Woodiness Disease has caused by the Passionfruit Vietnam virus (PVNV) and has led to serious damage for passionfruit production because of having no effective treatment. The presence of viruses on passionfruit is necessary to detect early and accurately for effective control. In this study, RT-PCR was established to determine the presence of Passionfruit Vietnam Virus (PVNV) in Viet Nam. Primer was designed specifically to detect PVNV with the amplified product of 410 bp.
The optimal annealing temperature, primer concentration and limit of detectetion was 59°C, 0.2 uM and 10 copies, respectively. A total of 3 types of virus ToMV, TOMMV, SPFMV was tested to verify the specificity of the assay. There were 9/34 field samples detected with PVNV of which 26.47% samples were infected with the virus. This study has successfully established an optimal RT-PCR assay to detect the presence of PVNV.
Keyword: passionfruit, PVNV, RT-PCR. 1H TÓM TẮT Bệnh hoá ban vỏ trái chanh dây (PWD) do Passionfruit Vietnam virus (PVNV) gây ra và gây thiệt hại nghiêm trọng cho việc sản xuất chanh dây vì không có biện pháp điều trị hiệu quả. Cần phát hiện sớm và chính xác sự có mặt của virus trên cây chanh dây dé có biện pháp phòng trừ hiệu quả. Trong nghiên cứu nay, RT-PCR được thiết lập dé xác định sự hiện diện của Passionfruit Vietnam Virus (PVNV) tại Việt Nam.
Kết quả khảo sát nhiệt độ bắt cặp, nồng độ mồi và giới han phát hiện lần lượt là 59°C, 0,2 uM và 10 copIes. Độ đặc hiệu của quy trình được thử nghiệm trên 3 loại virus ToMV, ToMMV, SPFMV. Có 9 mẫu trên tổng 34 mẫu thực địa được phát hiện dương tính với PVNV chứng minh có 26,47% mẫu nhiễm virus. Nghiên cứu đã thiết lập thành công quy trình RT-PCR tối ưu dé phát hiện sự hiện diện của PVNV.
Từ khoá: cây chanh dây, PVNV, RT-PCR. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. sssssssscssnenonnanneseannaxennnssannnnsncnanticomnnnanausunnsexuenscancacncsamssanssnaonss i CONFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT,.-- -- c5 S+cs+ssesrsrrrrrerrrrrrrrrrrrre ul BS | RA (sec ssysszsss056055126559590/8L7305300-EDEGSSBIGIAJĐSSE2.0580g8g8E ili ee iv TABLE OF CONTENTS1011 —. vill EIST @ORMABES naasgrodptisliosgtoboiiGcbtf4G‡B3SGS)0NGSGEIIGS-EES2SGIEGGEIEHEGSQBi⁄20)A00iGi3010100300800HE 1X LIST OF FIGURES si nnesisosseiitsiiiS11811648 1 10LSE1413555316313461463561583E8S9850S01358-8ESEESEHSLE41081483g3) X CHAPTER 1.-- --- -- S5 S222 2n HH HH HH HH re re 1 II Jun.
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13 3,4,1; Research worktlow so sssssscsssss2 8116104 05656016/4636591A1663348385uE64653 .E3/005G1A614504035145/401883G04E 13 006100 VIN printers Ce STG cain sásesgbas bit tysetidkniesultnAliuengaslắnugtornaikustrrôrkiuistglardeki Euairdoetrdesaglk 14 SUAS ARI NANOS TRA GU OTs cossesasssosesstsibSpktcsgSeoSiigogiSi0i305. Genomic DNA removal by enzyme Dnase Ì. cDNA synthesis by Reverse Transcription. Polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis.
Sequencing of the obtained PCR producfs. Cloning and sequence eXaim1Iaf1OI. Annealing temperature OpfIN1ZfIOII. Primers conicentfation GpLH1Z4HOTiiiscecessesscissssssseE5611155501508360866536956805300383883.
Evaluation of the specificity of the RT-PCR.---------+++++sc+sc+sczerrerrxe 19 3. Sensitivity and determination for limit of detection (LOD) of the RT-PCR. Application of the established RT-PCR assay on field samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
Results of establishment of RT-PCR assay for the detection of PVNV by using positve control samples TA. Lala, PEUDTSF OCSI SN cosecconsersuscanev snes eames me enna OR anon REEEES 22 4. RNA extraction and quantIfICafIOH.08080300NS13LG3EH4130g5ip0SU1Gg35)203ã0 23 vi 4. Sequencing of the target gene amplIficafIOñ.
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Sensitivity and determination for limit of detection (LOD) of the RT-PCR. Application of the established RT-PCR assay on field samples. 28 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATTION.-------- 31 al a ces tol ST | eee eee eee ee eee Š.2uIGGOIIIff1ET SHOÍELsssensnsoskoasoadcosasblikimiokokionctBikoBring2dnadggniBiigieE2sas4s4l83o-/99/59a00303un0048 31 3535135019. 32 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BLAST : Basic Local Alignment Search Tool : Base pair cDNA : Complementary DNA ddNTPs : Dideoxynucleotide triphosphates DEPC : Diethyl pyrocarbonate DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid DV : Daily Value EAPV : East Asian Passiflora virus ELISA : Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay GPx : Glutathione peroxidase GR : Glutathione reductase GSH : Thiol group contents NCBI : National Center for Biotechnology Information NGS : Next-generation sequencing oligo dT : Deoxy-thymidine nucleotide sequence PaMoV : Passiflora mottle virus PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction PVNV : Passionfruit Vietnam Virus PWD : Passionfruit Woodiness Disease RNA : Ribonucleic acid RT-PCR : Reverse Transcription — Polymerase Chain Reaction SOD : Superoxide dismutase : Optimal annealing temperature : Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances Tn : Melting temperature USDA : United States Department of Agriculture Vill LIST OE TABLES Page Table3.
ETElO: saiTfi0I1SS 16 CA G1 ssennaeininsiondsdiiiilsiiStguaS8i4008631085GSI33i0E0U-03880218080003/88g880đ80. Reagent to remove DNA contamination .5: cDNA: synthesis T©A0 G15 seecsssenecse S216: 111681360 08901 00338SEG9EEE0EUGSSEESE0189 2358. Reagents for PCR 1. Reagents for PCR annealing temperature optimization.
Thermocycle program for PCR annealing temperature optimization. Reagents for PCR primers concentration OptIN1ZatION. Thermocycle program for PCR primers concentration optimization. Information on the viruses used to detemine specificity of RT-PCR.
PVNV primers InÍOrIaf1OT. RNA quantification T€SuUÏẲ. Repetitions of the RT-PCR for determining the limit of detection (LOD). Results of established RT-PCR assay on field samples.
-- --28 ix LIST OF FIGURES Eloure 3.1: WGTKHIGW OF This SOO sascscnssecsacawcvewcesnessnscaneisnsncsessanamnaatsnlunanernanneesmasenads 13 Figure 4. Result of the primers compared to the target sequences by using Primer Blast tool on NGHI CienbaHi: se nsessessssxcssecstecci0151400601360315095S04093SEUGHSSREESGSSSE2U203E5g04350 22 Figure 4. Amplified cDNA fragments of PVNV were analysed by electrophoresis on 1. The obtained nucleotide sequences were verified by BLAST from NCBI.
Electrophoresis of colony polymerase chain reaction of pJET primer C00001). Effect of annealing temperature on detection of PVNV by RT-PCR. Electrophoresis results of the primer concentration evaluation. Electrophoresis results for the specificity evaluation of the RT-PCR.
Electrophoresis results of determination for LOD of the RT-PCR assay. Background Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) 1s an economically important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions (Do Duy Hung ef a/. The passionfruit plantation areas in Viet Nam are mainly located at Dak Nong, Gia Lai, Lam Dong provinces in South Central, the Son La province in Northern Vietnam, and Nghe An province in North Central Vietnam. Because of its high nutrition and unique flavor with 130 aromatic substances, therefore the increasing demand for fresh fruit by markets and especially by the juice industry has boosted the development of new technologies that favor the expansion of passionfruit plantations (Garcéz e/ al.
In the recent years, passionfruit have been considered as one of the most imported fruits which bring high economic income for local farmers and companies in Viet Nam. The planted area of passionfruit in Viet Nam have expanded from 1,500 ha (2015) to 10,000 ha (2022) and expected to be 25,000 ha in 2025. However, a viral disease called Passionfruit Woodiness Disease (PWD) is prevalent in all major passionfruit growing areas of the world (Cerqueira-Silva ef aÏ. Passionfruit plants affected by PWD exhibit a wide range of symptoms from leaf mosaic, rugose, chlorotic spots and/or ringspots to woodiness and deformation of the fruits.
Collectively, these abnormities shorten the lifespan of passionfruit and cause significant yield losses (Ochwo-Ssemakula ef a/. At the present, there are more than 20 viruses have been reported to infect passionfruit (Chen ef zỉ. Among them, Passionfruit Vietnam virus (PVNV) is a new member of the genus Potyvirus, a below-species classification of Passiflora mottle virus (PaMoV). Potyviruses are vectored by aphids, nevertheless, according to Baker ef a/.
(2014), insects are probably not the major source of virus spread, the major means of virus spread is the vegetative propagation of these plants, a fact that also contributes to multiple virus infections. In this study, RT-PCR detection of passionfruit samples collected in various areas unveiled that PWD primarily atributed to PVNV which is wide spread all over the country. In order to minimize the disadvantages caused by PVNV, it is necesary to detect the virus in the early phase. This finding is necessary for a better understanding of the PWD situation in Viet Nam and to develop effective control strategies.
Objectives of the research Establish successful RT-PCR assay for the detection of PVNV (Passionfruit Vietnam Virus) and successfully apply the established RT-PCR assay on field samples. Content research Content 1: Establishment of RT-PCR assay for the detection of PVNV by using positve control samples. Optimization of anealing temperature of the RT-PCR. Optimization of primer concentration of the RT-PCR.
Specificity evaluation of the RT-PCR assay. Determination of the limit of detection (LOD) of the RT-PCR assay. Content 2: Application of the established RT-PCR assay on field samples. Overview of passionfruit 2.
Origin of passionfruit The passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) was discovered in 1569 by Spanish explorers in Peru, who saw the flowers as symbolic of the passion of Christ and, therefore, a sign of Christ’s approval of their efforts. The major producers of passion fruit are found in South America mainly Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador (Deshmukh ef al. Passionfruit was imported into Vietnam around the beginning of the 20th century.