VIETNAM NATIONAL UNLVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYÊN THỊ PHƯỢNG LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS AND THEIR REALIZATION IN CHAPTER 5 “WHITE FANG AND THE INDLANS” IN THE NOVEL “WHITE FANG” BY JACK LONDON (CAC MOI QUAN HE LOGIC - NGU NGHIA VA SU THE HIEN CUA CHUNG TRONG CHUONG 5 “NANH TRANG V4 NHUNG NGUOI ANH-DIENG" TRONG TIỂU THUYET “NANU TRANG? CUid JACK LONDON) M. Minor Programme Thesis Field : English Linguistics Code : 602215 Hanoi — 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDLES NGUYÊN THỊ PHƯỢNG LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS AND THEIR REALIZATION IN CILAPTER 5 “WIITE FANG AND TOE INDIANS” IN THE NOVEL “WHITE FANG” BY JACK LONDON (CAC MGI QUAN HỆ LOGIC - NGỮ NGHĨA VA SU THE HIEN CUA CHENG TRONG CHUONG 5 “NANI TRANG VA NIUNG NGUGT ANII-DIENG” TRONG TIEU THUYET “NANH TRANG” CUA JACK LONDON) M. Minor Programme Thesis Field : English Linguisties Code : 602218 Supervisor: Prof. Hoang Van Vân Hanoi — 2012 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration.
Acknowledgements Abstract Notalional conventions List of figures and tables Table of contents PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Aim of the study and Research questions k3 3. Scope of the study tà 4, Data collection wow tà §. Methods of the study 6.
Design of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. What is functional grammar? 1. The role of Contextual Analysis A00 “ 1. What is Context? 1.
The Model of context 1.4, Grammatical rank scale 1.5, Clause and clause complex 6 1. Clause and its position in functional grammar 1. Clause simplex and clause complex ^^. The analysis of the text.
Findings and discussions 2. Elaboration “ Paratactic elaboration + Ilypotactic elaboration b. Extension “ Paratactic extension + Hypotactic extension c. Enhancement ¢ Paratactic enhancement “ Hypotactic enhancement 2.
Paratactic projection Paratactic loculions “> Paratactic eas b. 4 Hypotactic locutions 4 Hypotactic ideas 2. Concluding remarks PART C: CONCLUSION 1. Implications of the study 43 3, Suggestions for fuxther study 44 REFERENCES 46 APPENDICES Functional grammar, in Thompson’s (1996: 8) view, scts out to investigate what the range of relevant choices are, both in the kinds of meanings that we might wanl lo express (or fimiclions thal we might want to perform) and in the kinds of wordings that we can use to express these meanings; and to mateh these two sets of choices.
Functional Grammar seeks to be a theory which is “functional” in at least three different, though interrelated senses: (i) it takes a functional view on the nature of language: (ii) it attaches primary importance to functional relations at different levels in the organivalion of grammar, Gii) it wishes lo be practically applicable to the analysis of different aspects of language and language use. The role of contextual analysis. What is context? In linguistics, the term ‘context’ has been used quite commonly. So what is context? For some scholars, context seems jusk to be the minimal stretch of language that helps to understand what is written and spoken (Brown & Yule, 1983 35).
Numan (1993: 7) considers context as an important. concept in chiscourse analysis. According to him, “context refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which the discourse is embedded.” (Nunan, 1993: 7 - 8) In the view of Hymes (1962) (cited in Brown and Yule, 1983: 38), “A context can support a range of meanings. When a form is used in a context it eliminates the meanings possible to that context other than those the form can signal: the context eliminates from consideration the meanings possible in the form other than those the context can support.” From a complementary perspective, Iloang Van Van (2006: 10) sees context as ‘the silualion in which the Lexi or the linguistic interaction lakes place gives the patticipants a groat deal of information about the micanings that are being exchanged, and the meanings that are likely to be exchanged’.
The analysis of the text. Findings and discussions 2. Elaboration “ Paratactic elaboration + Ilypotactic elaboration b. Extension “ Paratactic extension + Hypotactic extension c.
Enhancement ¢ Paratactic enhancement “ Hypotactic enhancement 2. Paratactic projection Paratactic loculions “> Paratactic eas b. 4 Hypotactic locutions 4 Hypotactic ideas 2. Concluding remarks PART C: CONCLUSION 1.
Implications of the study 43 3, Suggestions for fuxther study 44 REFERENCES 46 APPENDICES 4, Data collection Data collected for analysis and discussion is from clauses in chapter 5 “Wiote Fang and the Indians” in the novel “While Fang” by the noled Amenean writer, Jack London, which was published by Longman Group UK Limited in 1968. Methods of the study The study is conducted as an attempt to understand more about the nature of logivo-semantic relations between clauses in English and their realization in chapter 5 in the novel “White Fang”. Thus, descriptive and analytical methods will be used as lhe principal ones for the sLudy. The descriptive method is usedLo re-examine the notions relating to the clause complex and its logico-semantic relations between clauses.
The analytical method is used to analyze the text (chapter five of “White Fang”) in terms of logico-semantlic relations 6. Design of the study The study is organized around 3 parts: Parl A stalos the reasons for choosing the lopic, he aim, research questions, the scope, data vollection, the methods of the study, and the research design. Parl B, the main parl of the study, consists of two chaplers: Chapter 1 — Theoretical Background — provides an overview of systemic functional grammar, context and the role of context in interpreting meaning, grammatical rank scale, clauses and clause complexes, the notion of taxis and the logivo-semantic relations between clauses in clause complexes. Chapter 2 attempts to answer the question “low are logico-semantic relations realized in Chapter 5 ‘White Fang and the Indians’ in the novel “White Fang’ by Jack London?” This chapter analyzes chapter five of “White Fang” in terms of logico-semantic relations, discusses and makes some comments on the findings.
Part C draws some conclusions, makes some implications for teaching and learning English and some suggestions for further research 4, Data collection Data collected for analysis and discussion is from clauses in chapter 5 “Wiote Fang and the Indians” in the novel “While Fang” by the noled Amenean writer, Jack London, which was published by Longman Group UK Limited in 1968. Methods of the study The study is conducted as an attempt to understand more about the nature of logivo-semantic relations between clauses in English and their realization in chapter 5 in the novel “White Fang”. Thus, descriptive and analytical methods will be used as lhe principal ones for the sLudy. The descriptive method is usedLo re-examine the notions relating to the clause complex and its logico-semantic relations between clauses.
The analytical method is used to analyze the text (chapter five of “White Fang”) in terms of logico-semantlic relations 6. Design of the study The study is organized around 3 parts: Parl A stalos the reasons for choosing the lopic, he aim, research questions, the scope, data vollection, the methods of the study, and the research design. Parl B, the main parl of the study, consists of two chaplers: Chapter 1 — Theoretical Background — provides an overview of systemic functional grammar, context and the role of context in interpreting meaning, grammatical rank scale, clauses and clause complexes, the notion of taxis and the logivo-semantic relations between clauses in clause complexes. Chapter 2 attempts to answer the question “low are logico-semantic relations realized in Chapter 5 ‘White Fang and the Indians’ in the novel “White Fang’ by Jack London?” This chapter analyzes chapter five of “White Fang” in terms of logico-semantic relations, discusses and makes some comments on the findings.
Part C draws some conclusions, makes some implications for teaching and learning English and some suggestions for further research vil 1. Logico-semantic relations between clauses in clause complexes in 9 linglish. Elaboration 13 $® Paratactic elaboration 13 % Hypotactic elaboration 14 b. Extension 16 Paratactic extension l6 % Hypolactic extension 17 c.
Enhancement % Paratactic enhancement % Hypotactic cnhancement 1. Paratactic projection “ Paratactic loculions » Paratactic ideas 1. Hypotactic projection % Hypotactic locutions % Llypotactic ideas 1. Summary CHAPTER 2 LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS BETWEEN CLAUSES IN CLAUSE COMPLEXES IN CHAPTER 5 “WHITE FANG AND THE INDIANS” LN ‘THE NOVEL “WHITE FANG” BY JACK LONDON 2.
The context of the chosen text 2. Contextual configuration of the text 2. Field PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Grammar is a description of logic.
It is a description of a logical thinking G16 process. Hurnan beings first uttered distinctive sounds to convey thoughits. Later, people made graphical representations of those sounds, a written language. Finally, people analyzed the language to determine the patterns and variations.
That final slop is GRAMMAR, an analysis of the way a language functions. According to Lock (1996: 1), there are many ways of describing the grammar of a language. One approach sees grammar as a set of rules which specify all the possible grammatical structures of the language. Anolher approach sees language first and foremost as a system of communication and analyzes grammar to discover how iis organived to allow speakers and wrilers to make and exchange meanings.
‘The former approach to grammatical analysis is often called formal, while the laller approach is normally called functional Halliday (1994) considers functional grammar ('G) essentially as a 'natural grammar, in the sense that everything in it can be explained, ultimately, by reference to how language is used. ‘There have been many studies conceming with differem aspects of functional grammar in which studies on the meaning and structure of a text also mention the relationship between clauses in clause complexes. However, these studies are only limited to surface relations or one of the two of the relations between clauses in a clause complex. In other words, logico-semantic relations have uot.
been studied m details. Also, there have been some stuches on logico-semantic relations between clauses but they only focus on fairy tales, short stories, not on novels. PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER | THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. Introduction This chapter reviews some basic concepts that set the theorctical orientation for the study.
‘The chapter focuses on five parts: (1) what is functional grammar? (2) the role of contextual analysis, (3) grammatical rank scale, (4) clause and clause complex, and (5) logico-semantic relations between clauses in clause vomplexes in English. What is functional prammar? According to Martin, ef af. (1997: 1), “functional grammar is a way of looking al grammar in terms of how grammar is used. Tn the held of linguistics, the main alternative to functional grammar is formal grammar, which is concerned with the ways in which.
our genes constrain the shape of our grammars, and thus constrain whal we can and cannot say.” Marlin, ef af. stale that functional grammar focuses on the development of grammatical systems as a means for people to interact with each other. It provides us with tools for understanding why a text is the way iis. A functional grammar is a grammar thal respects speakers’ rights to make up their own minds about how they choose to talk; at the same time it makes speakers explicitly aware of the choices they have available, so they can make an infouned devision about the options they choose.
lis uricnlation is social, in other words, rather than biological. For Halliday, language is “a network of systems or interrelated sets of options for making meaning” (Halliday, 1994: 15), thus language is “systemic”. The term ‘functional’ is used to indicate that the approach is concemed with meaning. Rationale Grammar is a description of logic.
It is a description of a logical thinking G16 process. Hurnan beings first uttered distinctive sounds to convey thoughits. Later, people made graphical representations of those sounds, a written language. Finally, people analyzed the language to determine the patterns and variations.
That final slop is GRAMMAR, an analysis of the way a language functions.
