Nghiên cứu vi phạm nguyên tắc hội thoại nhằm che giấu sự thật trong Những bà nội trợ kiểu Mỹ

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis nghiên cứu về vi phạm nguyên tắc hội thoại nhằm che giấu sự thật của các nhân vật thông, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất biện

2017

74
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CANDIDATE’S STATEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. PART A: INTRODUCTION

A.1. Objective of the Study

A.2. Research Questions

A.3. About “Desperate Housewives”

A.4. Scope of the Study

A.5. Design of the study

B. PART B: DEVELOPMENT

1. CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. Pragmatics

1.2. Grice’s Theory of Cooperative Principles

1.3. Grice’s Theory of Conversational Maxims

1.3.1. The Fulfilment of Maxims

2. CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

2.1. Data Collection Method

2.2. Data Analysis Technique

3. CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Realization of Violation of Conversational Maxims

3.2. Occurrence of Violated Conversational Maxims

3.3. Distribution of Rhetorical Strategies

3.4. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Conversational Maxims

3.4.1. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Quality

3.4.2. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Quantity

3.4.3. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Manner

3.4.4. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Relevance

3.5. Discussion

C. PART C: CONCLUSION

C.1. Occurrence of Violated Conversational Maxims

C.2. Realization of Rhetorical strategies

C.3. Limitations and Suggestion for Further Research

REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES BÙI THỊ THU TRANG A STUDY ON THE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN DECEPTION USED BY CHARACTERS IN SOME EPISODES OF “DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES” NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ VI PHẠM NGUYÊN TẮC HỘI THOẠI NHẰM CHE GIẤU SỰ THẬT CỦA CÁC NHÂN VẬT THÔNG QUA MỘT SỐ TẬP PHIM “NHỮNG BÀ NỘI TRỢ KIỂU MỸ” M. Minor Thesis Field: English linguistics Code: 60220201 HANOI - 2017 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES BÙI THỊ THU TRANG A STUDY ON THE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN DECEPTION USED BY CHARACTERS IN SOME EPISODES OF “DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES” NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ VI PHẠM NGUYÊN TẮC HỘI THOẠI NHẰM CHE GIẤU SỰ THẬT CỦA CÁC NHÂN VẬT THÔNG QUA MỘT SỐ TẬP PHIM “NHỮNG BÀ NỘI TRỢ KIỂU MỸ” M. Minor Thesis Field: English linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Prof. Nguyễn Hòa HANOI - 2017 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CANDIDATE’S STATEMENT ----------*****-------- I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled A STUDY ON THE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS IN DECEPTION USED BY CHARACTERS IN SOME EPISODES OF “DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master Degree at University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi and that this thesis has not been submitted to any degree at any other universities or institutions. Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis. Hanoi, 2017 Bui Thi Thu Trang Approved by SUPERVISOR Prof. Nguyễn Hòa Date: ……………… i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT On completing this study, I owe a profound indebtedness to many people for their invaluable help during the conduct of my research. First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Prof. Nguyen Hoa, my supervisor for his useful and critical comments and continual guidance. My appreciation is also offered to my lecturers and my friends of Post- graduate studies for their valuable lessons and precious helps. Finally, I would like to express my profound gratitude towards my parents and my husband for their continual encouragement and immeasurable support. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This study aims to explore how American movie series characters violate Grice‟s conversational maxims by means of rhetorical strategies in their daily conversation for the purpose of deception. Data were collected from 23 episodes of Season 6 of “Desperate Housewives”, a famous American movie series. The writer employed a descriptive qualitative research together with content analysis in analysing and discussing utterances containing the violation of maxims under the light of Grice‟s theory of Cooperative Principle. The findings of this study indicated that for the purpose of deception, mostly for hiding the truth, all four conversational maxims were violated. Besides, it could be found that violations of these maxims lead to the usage of rhetorical strategies, in which the mostly used by the speaker are Understatement, Ellipsis, Repetition, Topic changed and Overstatement while Rhetorical question, Irony, Ambiguity and Metaphor are not employed much. Hopefully, this study would contribute to a better understanding about the realization of conversational maxim violation by means of rhetorical strategies. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 1. Objective of the Study 2 3. About “Desperate Housewives” 2 5. Scope of the Study 3 6. Design of the study 4 PART B: DEVELOPMENT 5 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1. Grice‟s Theory of Cooperative Principles 7 1. Grice‟s Theory of Conversational Maxims 8 1. The Fulfilment of Maxims 8 1. Non-observance of Conversational Maxims 10 1. Violation of Conversational Maxims and Rhetorical Strategies 15 1. Characteristics of Conversational Maxims Violation 15 1. Discussion on Grice‟s Theory 19 1. Violation of Conversational Maxims and Deception 20 1. Definition of Deception 21 1. Reasons of Deception 21 1. Related Studies 23 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 27 2. Data Collection Method 28 2. Data Analysis Technique 29 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 30 3. Realization of Violation of Conversational Maxims 30 3. Occurrence of Violated Conversational Maxims 30 3. Distribution of Rhetorical Strategies 32 3. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Conversational Maxims 35 3. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Quality 35 3. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Quantity 37 3. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Manner 39 3. Analysis on Situations Which Violate the Maxim of Relevance 41 3. Discussion 42 PART C: CONCLUSION 43 1. Occurrence of Violated Conversational Maxims 43 1. Realization of Rhetorical strategies 43 2. Limitations and Suggestion for Further Research 46 REFERENCES 47 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS List of tables Page Table 1 Differences between Flouting and Violating Maxims 13 Table 2 Characteristics of Conversational Maxims Violation 15 Violation of Conversational Maxims and Rhetorical Table 3 28 Strategies Table 4 Relation of Violated Maxims and Their Reasons 31 Distribution of Rhetorical Strategies in Violation of Table 5 34 Conversational Maxims List of charts Page Chart 1 Percentage of Violation of Conversational Maxims 30 Chart 2 Percentage of Rhetorical Strategies 33 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale In a conversation, a speaker and a hearer are supposed to respond to each other in their turn and exchange with the needed information that benefits both of them (Crowley & Mitchell, 1994, p. The speaker and the hearer are said to have fulfilled the Cooperative Principle (CP) when they manage to achieve a successful conversation. According to Grice (1975, p. 45), the CP which consists of four maxims are the suggested principles for the speaker and the hearer to show their cooperation by giving appropriate contribution in their conversation. Despite Grice's claims of ideal exchange, he suggests that there are cases when these rules may be violated. Speakers who violate a maxim cause the hearer not to know the truth and only understand the surface meaning of the speaker‟s words. For some purposes, people tend to use deception. In connection with the CP, deception occurs when people act like they are following the rules of the CP, while trying to secretly break them. The violation of Grice‟s conversational maxims can perform different functions such as creating humour or telling lies. This study draws on a pragmatics approach in which deception is considered as one of the products of violating Grice‟s conversational maxims. The violations for deception are well pictured in an American movie series on television entitled “Desperate Housewives”. The show followed the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of a dead neighbour. They worked through domestic struggles and family life, facing the secrets, crimes and mysteries. In their lives, they often deceive each other for different purposes. For all reasons above, in analysing the scripts of the “Desperate Housewives” from episode 1 to episode 23 - the whole Season 6, this study aims to unpack the relationship between deception and the violation of Grice‟s conversational maxims and to discover what violation of maxims occurs for the purpose of deception and how the violation of conversational maxims is realized by rhetorical strategies. 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Objective of the Study Based on the CP, it could be seen that people are naturally directed towards cooperation. In other words, the CP describes best practices in a conversation in order to facilitate the process of conversation to be smoother for both the listener and the speaker. It suggests that a communication can be a failure when maxims are broken. Nevertheless, in reality, sometimes the purpose of the interlocutors is to fail the conversation, or to miscommunicate. People could frequently disobey these maxims in order to achieve certain purposes. In this case, whether the communication will always breakdown? Thus, this study is carried out specifically to aims at investigating how the CP really plays out in a specific social context. Research Questions In accordance with this aim, the research is conducted to find out answers to the following research questions: 1. What violation of conversational maxims occurs for the purpose of deception in Desperate Housewives from Episode 1 to Episode 23, Season 6? 2. How is the violation of conversational maxims realized by rhetorical strategies of characters for the purpose of deception in Desperate Housewives from Episode 1 to Episode 23, Season 6? 4. About “Desperate Housewives” For many purposes, many people tend to make deception and violate Grice‟s Conversational maxims (1975, p. 45) when they communicate. This is apparent in an American movie series on television entitled “Desperate Housewives”. It is an interesting film since it combines elements of drama, comedy, mystery, thriller, farce, soap opera and satire (Desperate Housewives, n. “Desperate Housewives” was aired for eight seasons on ABC, from October 3, 2004 to May 13, 2012. This film was well received by both viewers and critics. It won multiple Primetime 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Emmy, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards and was rated amongst the top 10 most watched series. Set on Wisteria Lane, a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State, “Desperate Housewives” follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbour who committed suicide. The main characters are four attractive middle-aged women:  Bree Van de Camp, the perfect housewife and mother who wants everything under control;  Lynette Scavo, the mother of four children who had a bright career in the past;  Susan Mayer, the single mother who always messes up and depends on her daughter for everything;  Gabrielle Solis, an ex-model who dislikes the suburbs and misses the bustle life of the city. The women work through domestic struggles and family life, while facing the secrets, crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood. Scope of the Study In terms of non-observances of maxims of Grice‟s CP, since it is so broad, this study only focuses on the art of violating Grice‟s conversational maxims to create verbal deception. Furthermore, the data are only collected from scripts of “Desperate Housewives” in the Season 6, from episode 1 to episode 23. This season is chosen because a great deal of problems, conflicts and deception happening among the characters appear. Besides, in the scope of this study, body language, facial expression and 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com intonation of characters in “Desperate Housewives” which may have some effects on generating deception will not be discussed. This research only focuses on verbal utterances with linguistics hints. Design of the study The study is designed with three chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical Background: to provide the background of the study, including definition of key concepts, theories and review of related studies. Chapter 2: Methodology: to describe data collection procedure and data analysing methods. Chapter 3: Findings and Discussion: to present, analyse and discuss the findings in order to answer the research questions. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW This study focuses on the violations of the conversational maxims based on Grice‟s theory of Cooperative Principle (1975) for the basis of analysis. The first part of this chapter will provide a theoretical background for this study including the notion of Pragmatics, Grice‟s Theory of Cooperative Principle and Conversational Maxims. The second part will shed a light on the definition of deception and the underlying reasons of deception. The last part is some review of related studies in the similar topic.

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