Luận văn thạc sĩ về nghèo đa chiều tại khu vực phía Nam Việt Nam

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích ueh multidimensional poverty in the southern region in vietnam in the south of vietnam, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp khả thi

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2016

75
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABBREVIATION

ABSTRACT

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Research problem

1.2. Research objective

1.3. Research scope

1.4. Organization of research

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Poverty and measurement

2.1.1. The concept and measurement of uni-dimension poverty

2.1.2. Absolute poverty and relative poverty

2.1.3. Poverty threshold

2.2. Concept and measurement of Multidimensional poverty

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS

APPENDIX

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF VIETNAM BY TRUONG DAT ANH MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, OCTOBER 2016 Page | i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF VIETNAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By TRUONG DAT ANH Academic Supervisor: DR. TRAN TIEN KHAI HO CHI MINH CITY, OCTOBER 2016 Page | ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I assure that the entire contents of this thesis (Multidimensional poverty in the Southern region of Vietnam) are written by me and the contents are based on my knowledge and my review of literature. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree and I am responsible for entire contents I wrote. TRUONG DAT ANH Page | i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express profound thanks to A/Prof. TRAN TIEN KHAI because of the dedicated guidance and supports during thesis time. The opinions and comments of supervisor play a significant role in my thesis. Moreover, I sincerely thank Prof. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI, Dr. TRAN KHANH NAM, Dr. TRUONG DANG THUY and lecturers – officers of Vietnam Netherland program. Thanks to lecturers, I have accumulated a variety of knowledge to finish study modules and support for my thesis. Finally, I wish lecturers had many success and advantages in career in the future and a growing number of research projects to contribute for the economy of Vietnam. Page | ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATION GSO: General statistics offices WB: World Bank WHO: World health organization MPI: Multidimensional poverty index VHLSS: Vietnamese Household Living Standard Survey GDP: Gross domestic product Page | iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This thesis researches about multidimensional poverty in rural area of the Southern region of Vietnam. The research scope is 19 provinces, separated into area the Southeast region and the Southwest region. Based on VHLSS 2014 data set of General Statistic Offices of Vietnam, 1977 households have filtered to examine. Alkire & Forster approach have applied and established a framework include 20 indicators and 6 dimensions, which are suitable for the reality and data availability in the Southern region of Vietnam. Using the methods of Chi2 test and descriptive statistics, this thesis found some relationships between household characteristics and poverty status. Besides, there are some differences in poverty status among provinces and areas. Hence, poverty policies used for tackle poverty status should focus to reasonable targets to ensure efficient and effective. Page | iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .6 Organization of research. 4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Poverty and measurement .1 The concept and measurement of uni-dimension poverty .2 Concept and measurement of Multidimensional poverty . 11 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.2 Multidimensional poverty index .4 Dimensions and indicators . 24 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS . 26 Page | v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.1 The choice of cutoff ratio k .2 Multidimensional poverty and uni-dimensional poverty .3 Multidimensional poverty across regions.4 Multidimensional poverty across provinces .5 Dimensions contribution to multidimensional poverty index .6 Household characteristics and multidimensional poverty .1 Poverty status and demographics of household .2 Poverty status and dimensions (indicators) .2 Conclusion and recommendation .3 Limitation and further research . 63 Page | vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com APPENDIX Appendix 1: source of data in VHLSS 2014 . 63 Appendix 2: Spearman test result of five characteristics of a household . 64 Page | vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com AP LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Poverty threshold of Ministry of Labor, Invalid and Social Affairs in Vietnam from 1998 to 2015 .2: Poverty threshold of General Statistic Office in Vietnam from 1998 to 2010 and later .3: 5 dimensions and 10 indicators of General scheme 2015 .4: Livelihood assets and dimensions of Tran & Nguyen (2012) .5: Set of dimensions and indicators of Salaza et al.1: Choice of dimensions and indicators .2: Dimensions and indicators .3: Number of households in provinces .1: The influence of cut off ratio k .2: Spearman correlation result of indicators and income of household and p-value .3: Gender of head of household and multidimensional poverty status .4: Ethnic of head of household and multidimensional poverty status .5: Number of member in household and multidimensional poverty status .6: School year of head of household and multidimensional poverty status .7: Age of head of household and multidimensional poverty status .8: Poverty status and deprivations of indicators in dimension of education .9: Poverty status and deprivations of indicators in dimension of employment .10: Poverty status and deprivations of indicators in dimension of health .11: Poverty status and deprivations of indicators in dimension of living standard .12: Poverty status and deprivations of indicators in dimension of monetary .13: Poverty status and deprivations of indicators in dimension of social capital . 54 Page | viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Theory framework of Alkire & partners (2014) .1: relationship of headcount ratio H and cutoff ratio k .2: The relationship of average intensity A and cutoff ratio k .3: Rate of uni-dimensional poverty and multidimensional poverty in nineteen provinces .4: The comparison of four dimensions between the Southeast region and the Southwest region (Education, employment, health and social capital) .5: The comparison of two dimensions between the Southeast region and the Southwest region (Living standard and monetary) .6: Headcount ratio H and Average intensity A in 19 provinces .7: Adjusted headcount ratio (Multidimensional poverty index) for provinces .8: Contribution of dimensions . 37 Page | ix LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In this chapter, there are five main parts, research problems, research objectives, research questions, research hypothesis and research scope. This chapter focus to propose the real situation of the Southern region of Vietnam and the role of research targets. Besides, the following parts will answer the questions: “Why this research is necessary?”; “What is the purposes of this research?” 1.1 Research problem Poverty is a considerable problem of every nation, especially for developing countries. Based on the poverty status of a nation, policy maker would able to declare suitable decision. In recent years, poverty in Vietnam is measurement depend on monetary perspective. It means the particular household would be considered poor if the income or expenditure were lower than social standard (which is set by the Government). Specially, the Southern region of Vietnam plays a very important role in nation’s economy in term of its contribution to GDP, labor force, food supply, etc. Consequently, the most important work is determine poverty status effectively, entirely and representatively Locating at the South of the country, this region is separated into two smaller areas, the Southeast region and the Southwest region. In the Southeast region, there are six provinces in this region: Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, Dong Nai, Ba Ria – Vung Tau and Ho Chi Minh city. The other counterpart includes 13 provinces: Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Dong Thap, Hau Giang, Soc Trang, An Giang, Kien Giang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau and Can Tho city. The Southern region of Vietnam borders with Cambodia and capture a long coastline of South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Total area of the Southern region of Vietnam is about 64,151 thousand square kilometers. Natural features of this region are conducive for agriculture, livestock and tourism with dense river systems (total length of up to 5,700 kilometers), high rainfall (1,500-2,000 millimeters a year) and fertile soil (slob and basaltic soils). Page | 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Besides, the Southern region of Vietnam is a major economic region of the country separated into two key economic zones. Southern Key Economic Zone and Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone are contributing to the whole economy significantly, about 59% to total GDP of Agricultural sector of Vietnam in 2011. Infrastructure and logistic systems in Southern are developed with Tan San Nhat international airport and many seaports connected by convenience road systems. Specially, manufacturing and services are the major sectors of the Southern and contribute 60% of manufacturing and services sector of county in 2011. However, behind the scenes, according to the Vietnam Human Development Report of UNDP in 2015, the ratios of poor people are 13.4% in the Southeast region and 41.6% in the Southwest region compared to 21.3% in total of the country. The infant mortality rate is high, occupying 8/1000 births in the Southeast and 11/1000 births in the Southwest. In addition, child malnourish proportion is about 20% in this area. These figures pose the issues that a large part of residents in the Southern are now living under poor status and having poor life condition. Hence, the measurement of poverty is needed to illustrate and analyze the poverty status in this area not only in economic perspective but also in social perspective. Moreover, poverty status is different among provinces and areas, especially urban area and rural area. According to General Statistics Office (GSO), about 70% of Vietnamese are now living in rural area and a large part of them are not having good living conditions. This study will focus only on rural area because poverty is much more severe and broaden compared to urban area. According to Sen (1976), poverty could able to measure in multidimensional approach, which is called multidimensional poverty. This is a broader indicator to represent for poverty status of a country. Poverty is not only comes from monetary problem but also come from education, health, living standard, etc. This paper will focus to estimate multidimensional poverty of the Southern region of Vietnam; build up suitable dimensions and indicators set; compare the poverty status among households and areas. Tran & Nguyen (2012) showed there are nine dimensions of poverty in rural area of Vietnam, or Tran (2014) also point out equivalent result, both of methodologies are Principal Component Analysis & Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Page | 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com The latest research in national scale published in 2015 is the cooperation of Ministry of Labor, Invalid and Social Affairs and UNDP. This research called “General scheme of transformation approach from measuring uni-dimensional poverty based on income applicable to multidimensional in period of 2016-2020”. The purposes of this research are: (i) to estimate the deprivation of social societal needs during periods, (ii) to determine multidimensional poverty households, (iii) to determine the root cause of multidimensional poverty. Moreover, this research also suggest 5 dimensions and 10 indicators to measure multidimensional poverty status in Vietnam. However, these previous empirical studies for Vietnam only estimate which is the suitable dimensions, no relationship or affect among Multidimensional poverty and these dimensions have found. In short, the main purpose of this paper will measure the Multidimensional poverty for the Southern region of Vietnam and find out the differences of Multidimensional poverty and household’s characteristics. More detail will be described in the following section.2 Research objective To prove the important role of Multidimensional poverty measurement and find the best methodology for the measurement, this paper focuses on four following objectives: 1. Determine suitable dimensions to measure multidimensional poverty household. Compare multidimensional poverty between the Southeast region and the Southwest region. Compare the differences of multidimensional poverty among households with in the Southern region of Vietnam 4. Give recommendation to policy makers.

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